hibernate的自关联和多对多（5）

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-25 19:11:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-10-25 19:11:59 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43163499/article/details/83421341

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数据库的多对多
1.1 数据库中不能直接映射多对多
处理：创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多

注1：数据库多表联接查询
永远就是二个表的联接查询
```
    A   B   C  D
       t1   C
            t2 D
               t3
```
注2：交叉连接
注3：外连接：left(左)/right(右)/full(左右)
主从表：连接条件不成立时，主表记录永远保留，与null匹配
A B AB
select * from A,B,AB WHERE A.aID=AB.aID and b.bid = AB.bid
where
在hibernate中，你只管查询当前表对象即可，
hibernate会自动关联桥表以及关联表查询出关联对象

Book Category Book_category
select * from Book b,Book_category bc,category where b.bid = bc.bid and bc.cid = c.cid
and bid = 2
hibernate的多对多
2.1 hibernate可以直接映射多对多关联关系(看作两个一对多)
多对多关系注意事项
3.1 一定要定义一个主控方
3.2 多对多删除
3.2.1 主控方直接删除
3.2.2 被控方先通过主控方解除多对多关系，再删除被控方
3.2.3 禁用级联删除
3.3 关联关系编辑，不需要直接操作桥接表，hibernate的主控方会自动维护

案例：
1、自关联查询菜单表:

-- 一对多双向自关联
-- 菜单表
-- t_hibernate_sys_tree_node
-- t：表
-- sys：模块名缩写(system)
-- tree_noe：表名
create table t_hibernate_sys_tree_node
(
  tree_node_id int primary key auto_increment,                                                 -- ID
  tree_node_name varchar(50) not null,                                                         -- 名字
  tree_node_type int not null check(tree_node_type = 1 or tree_node_type = 2),                 -- 节点类型：1 枝节点 2 叶节点

  position int,                                                                             -- 位置
  parent_node_id int,                                                                         -- 父节点ID
  url varchar(1024),                                                                           -- URL
  foreign key(parent_node_id) references t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id)
);


-- drop table t_hibernate_sys_tree_node
-- select * from t_hibernate_sys_tree_node


select * from t_hibernate_sys_tree_node;
truncate table t_hibernate_sys_tree_node;


insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(1,'系统管理',1, 1,null,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(2,'市场管理',1, 2,null,null);

insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(3,'字典管理',2, 3,1,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(4,'用户管理',2, 4,1,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(5,'角色管理',2, 5,1,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(6,'权限管理',1, 6,1,null);

insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(7,'进货管理',2, 7,2,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(8,'销售管理',2, 8,2,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(9,'库存管理',2, 9,2,null);

insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(10,'用户分配角色',2, 10,6,null);
insert into t_hibernate_sys_tree_node(tree_node_id, tree_node_name, tree_node_type, position, parent_node_id, url)
  values(11,'角色授予用户',2, 11,6,null);

private Integer treeNodeId;
private String treeNodeName;
private Integer treeNodeType;
private Integer position;
private String url;
	//当前节点与子节点的关联关系   一对多
//	private Set<TreeNode> children=new HashSet<TreeNode>();//自己创的实体类是无序的
	private List<TreeNode> children=new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
	//当前节点与父节点的关系  多对一
   	private TreeNode parent;
   	
private Integer initChildren=0;

public Integer getTreeNodeId() {
	return treeNodeId;
}

public void setTreeNodeId(Integer treeNodeId) {
	this.treeNodeId = treeNodeId;
}

public String getTreeNodeName() {
	return treeNodeName;
}

public void setTreeNodeName(String treeNodeName) {
	this.treeNodeName = treeNodeName;
}

public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
	return treeNodeType;
}

public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
	this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
}

public Integer getPosition() {
	return position;
}

public void setPosition(Integer position) {
	this.position = position;
}

public String getUrl() {
	return url;
}

public void setUrl(String url) {
	this.url = url;
}

//	public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
//		return children;
//	}
//
//	public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
//		this.children = children;
//	}

public TreeNode getParent() {
	return parent;
}

public List<TreeNode> getChildren() {
	return children;
}

public void setChildren(List<TreeNode> children) {
	this.children = children;
}

public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
	this.parent = parent;
}

public Integer getInitChildren() {
	return initChildren;
}

public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
	this.initChildren = initChildren;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return "TreeNode [treeNodeId=" + treeNodeId + ", treeNodeName=" + treeNodeName + ", treeNodeType="
			+ treeNodeType + ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
<class table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node" name="com.five.entity.TreeNode">
  
	<id name="treeNodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
	<generator class="increment"></generator>
	</id>
	
	<property name="treeNodeName" type="java.lang.String" column="tree_node_name"></property>
	<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_type"></property>
	<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer" column="position"></property>
	<property name="url" type="java.lang.String" column="url"></property>
	
	<!-- <set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
		<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
		<one-to-many class="com.five.entity.TreeNode"/>
	</set> -->
	
	<!-- order-by:指的是数据库中的表字段。 position 是数据库表中的列名，按照那个列排序 -->
	<bag  order-by="position" name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
		<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
		<one-to-many class="com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode"/>
		</bag><!--与list集合相对应，但是list用起来太麻烦，  -->
		
	<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.five.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

记得配置：
	<!-- 一对多的自关联 -->
	<mapping resource="com/five/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml"/>

Dao方法：

public class TreeNodeDao {
	public TreeNode get(TreeNode treeNode){
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode tn = session.get(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getTreeNodeId());
		if(tn!=null && new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())){
			Hibernate.initialize(tn.getChildren());
		}
//		System.out.println(tn);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return tn;
	}
}

Junit：

public class TreeNodeDaoTest {
	private TreeNodeDao treeNodeDao=new TreeNodeDao();

	@Test
public void testGet() {
	TreeNode treeNode=new TreeNode();
	treeNode.setTreeNodeId(1);
	treeNode.setInitChildren(1);
	TreeNode tn = this.treeNodeDao.get(treeNode);
//		System.out.println(tn);//会报错，在实际开发中不会遇到这样的错误
		System.out.println(tn.getTreeNodeId()+","+tn.getTreeNodeName());
		for (TreeNode tn2 : tn.getChildren()) {
		System.out.println(tn2.getTreeNodeId()+","+tn2.getTreeNodeName());
		}


/*
 * 当加载一级节点的时候没问题
 * 加载二级的时候，由于设置了强制加载，同样可以加载所有的二级节点（子节点）
 * 加载三级节点，这时session关闭了，并且默认查出来的节点，是默认采用的是懒加载，
 * 
 * 权限菜单加载有两种方式
 * 1、一次性将数据库表中的数据全部加载往浏览器返回（是用于菜单较少）
 * 2、菜单表数据量较大，当出现浏览器卡顿的情况，第一种方式就不再使用。
 * 那么咱们就采用菜单逐级加载。
 * 1
 * 		1.1
 * 		1.2	（添加一个点击事件。然后加载出三级加载。相当于异步）
 * 			1.2.1
 *			1.2.2
 */	
	}	
}

2、多对多级联查询书籍表、书籍类别表
数据库表：

      -- 书本类别表
create table t_hibernate_category
(
   category_id int primary key auto_increment,
   category_name varchar(50) not null
);

-- 书本表
create table t_hibernate_book
(
   book_id int primary key auto_increment,
   book_name varchar(50) not null,
   price float not null
);


-- 桥接表
-- 定义三个列，其实只要两个列
-- 一个类别对应多本书，一本书对应多个类别
create table t_hibernate_book_category
(
  bcid int primary key auto_increment,  
  bid int not null,
  cid int not null,
  foreign key(bid) references t_hibernate_book(book_id),
  foreign key(cid) references t_hibernate_category(category_id)
);

insert into t_hibernate_book(book_id, book_name, price) values(1,'西游记',50);
insert into t_hibernate_book(book_id, book_name, price) values(2,'红楼梦',50);
insert into t_hibernate_book(book_id, book_name, price) values(3,'水浒',50);
insert into t_hibernate_book(book_id, book_name, price) values(4,'三国演义',50);


insert into t_hibernate_category(category_id, category_name) values(1,'古典');
insert into t_hibernate_category(category_id, category_name) values(2,'神话');
insert into t_hibernate_category(category_id, category_name) values(3,'历史');


insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(1,1);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(1,2);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(2,1);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(3,1);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(3,3);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(4,1);
insert into t_hibernate_book_category(bid, cid) values(4,3);


-- 西游记对应类别
select b.book_name, c.category_name
from t_hibernate_book b inner join t_hibernate_book_category bc on b.book_id = bc.bid inner join t_hibernate_category c on bc.cid = c.category_id
where book_id=1


-- 西游记对应类别
select c.category_name, b.book_name
from t_hibernate_book b inner join t_hibernate_book_category bc on b.book_id = bc.bid inner join t_hibernate_category c on bc.cid = c.category_id
where category_id=1

public class Book {
	private Integer bookId;
	private String bookName;
	private Float price;
	
private Set<Category> categories=new HashSet<Category>();

private Integer initCategories=0;


public Integer getInitCategories() {
	return initCategories;
}
public void setInitCategories(Integer initCategories) {
	this.initCategories = initCategories;
}
public Set<Category> getCategories() {
	return categories;
}
public void setCategories(Set<Category> categories) {
	this.categories = categories;
}
public Integer getBookId() {
	return bookId;
}
public void setBookId(Integer bookId) {
	this.bookId = bookId;
}
public String getBookName() {
	return bookName;
}
public void setBookName(String bookName) {
	this.bookName = bookName;
}
public Float getPrice() {
	return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
	this.price = price;
	}
}

public class Category {private Integer categoryId;
	private String categoryName;
	
private Set<Book> books=new HashSet<Book>();

private Integer initBooks=0;

public Integer getInitBooks() {
	return initBooks;
}
public void setInitBooks(Integer initBooks) {
	this.initBooks = initBooks;
}
public Set<Book> getBooks() {
	return books;
}
public void setBooks(Set<Book> books) {
	this.books = books;
}
public Integer getCategoryId() {
	return categoryId;
}
public void setCategoryId(Integer categoryId) {
	this.categoryId = categoryId;
}
public String getCategoryName() {
	return categoryName;
}
public void setCategoryName(String categoryName) {
	this.categoryName = categoryName;
	}	
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

	<!-- 
	session.get(Book.class,5);
	select *from t_hibernate_book where bookId=?(5);
	resultSet->
	5 a 10
	Book book =	Class.forName("com.five.entity.Book").newInstance();
	book.setBookId(5);
	book.setBookName(a);
	book.setPrice(10);
	
	categories为什么有值？
	1、当前实体类的映射文件找到set标签中table属性
		select * from t_hibernate_book_category
	2、继续读取配置文件，拿到set标签中的子标签的key的column属性(当前类对应的表主键在桥接表中的外键)
		select cid from t_hibernate_book_category where bid=?(bookId=5)
		resultSet->
		
		8	 5 	4
		9 	 5 	5
		10	 5 	2
		只会得到2、4、5
	3、set标签->many-to-many->class
			com.zking.five.entity.Category
			category.hbm.xml
		select * from t_hibernate_category
	4、利用桥接表查询处理的数据查询关联表
	select * from t_hibernate_category	where category_id (2,4,5)	
		2 神话
		4 a0
		5 a1
	5、EntityBaseDao中的executeQuery方法，对result进行处理，最终返回
	list<Category> categories = new ArrayList<>(); 
	while(rs.next()){
		Category c = Class.form("com.five.entity.Category").newInstance();
		c.set....
		categories.add(c);
	}
	
	6、book.setCategories(categories);
		重量级框架
  -->
  
<class table="t_hibernate_book" name="com.five.entity.Book">
  
	<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
	<generator class="increment"></generator>
	</id>
	
	<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String" column="book_name"></property>
	<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float" column="price"></property>
	<!-- table="t_hibernate_book_category" 桥接表  -->
	<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
		<!-- one  -->
		<key column="bid"></key>
		<!-- many -->
		<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.five.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
	</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

category.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class table="t_hibernate_category" name="com.five.entity.Category">
	  
		<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
		<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		
		<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String" column="category_name"></property>
		<!--多对多的关系，必须一个是true 一个是false 那个是true那个是false 由自己决定 至于为什么看后面的博客 -->
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="cid"></key>
			<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.five.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
		</set>	
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置:

<!-- 多对多的关系 -->
	<mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/category.hbm.xml"/>
	<mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/book.hbm.xml"/>

Dao:

	public Book get(Book book){
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if(b!=null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())){
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}

public class CategoryDao {
		
public Category get(Category category){
	Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
	Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
	if(c!=null && new Integer(1).equals(category.getInitBooks())){
		Hibernate.initialize(c.getBooks());
		
	}
	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	return c;
}

Junit：

public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao  bookDao=new BookDao();
	private CategoryDao categoryDao=new CategoryDao();
	/**
	 * 通过一本书能够查询到多个类别
	 * jdbc:三表联查 
	 * hibernate:只需要查询单个对象即可，它会自动关联查询，交给映射文件即可。
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGet1() {
		Book book=new Book();
		book.setBookId(5);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b=this.bookDao.get(book);
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		for (Category c : b.getCategories()) {
			System.out.println(c.getCategoryName());
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 通过一个类别查询多个书籍 
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGet2() {
	Category category=new Category();
	category.setCategoryId(2);
	category.setInitBooks(1);
	Category c = this.categoryDao.get(category);
	System.out.println(c.getCategoryName());
	for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		}
	}
}