字节序
字节序是指多字节数据在计算机内存中存储或者网络传输时各字节的存储顺序。
常见序
1 Little endian:将低序字节存储在起始地址 （小端字节序）
2 Big endian：将高序字节存储在起始地址 （大端字节序）
网诺字节序=大端字节序
socket服务器和客户端的开发步骤
服务器
1 创建套接字 socket()
2 为套接字添加信息（IP地址和端口号）bind()
3 监听网诺连接 listen()
4 监听到有客户端接入，接受一个连接 accept()
5 数据交互 read() write()
6 关闭套接字，断开连接 close()
客户端
1 创建套接字 socket()
2 连接服务器 cinnect()
3 数据交换 write() read()
4 关闭客户端 close()
socket函数
bind函数
listen函数
accept函数
connet函数
地址转换API
int inet_aton(const char* straddr, struct in_addr addrp);把字符串形式的“192.168.1.123”转为网络能识别的格式
char inet_ntoa(struct in_addr inaddr); 把网络格式的IP地址转为字符串形式
字节序转换API
#include <netinet/in.h>
uint16_t htons(uint16_t host16bitvalue);//返回网络字节序的值
uint16_t htons(uint32_t host32bitvalue);//返回网络字节序的值
uint16_t ntohs(uint16_t net16bitvalue);//返回主机字节序的值
uint32_tntohl(uint32_t net32bitvalue);//返回主机字节序的值
h代表host,n代表net，s代表short（两个字节），l代表long（四个字节），通过上面的4个函数可以实现主机字节序和网络字节序之间的转换。有时`可以用INADDR_ANY, INADDR_ANY指定地址让操作系统自己获取
FTP服务器
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
3 #include <sys/socket.h>
4 //#include <linux/in.h>
5 #include <arpa/inet.h>
6 #include <netinet/in.h>
7 #include <stdlib.h>
8 #include <string.h>
9 //#include <config.h>
10 #include <sys/stat.h>
11 #include <fcntl.h>
12
13 #define LS 0
14 #define GET 1
15 #define PWD 2
16 #define IFGO 3
17 #define LCD 4
18 #define LLS 5
19 #define CD 6
20 #define PUT 7
21 #define QUIT 8
22 #define DOFILE 9
23
24 struct Msg
25 {
26 int type;
27 char data[1024];
28 char secondBuf[128];
29 };
30
31 int get_cmd_type(char *cmd)
32 {
33 if(!strcmp("ls",cmd)) return LS;
34 if(!strcmp("quit",cmd)) return QUIT;
35 if(!strcmp("pwd",cmd)) return PWD;
36 if(strstr(cmd,"cd")!=NULL) return CD;
37 if(strstr(cmd,"get")!=NULL) return GET;
38 if(strstr(cmd,"put")!=NULL) return PUT;
39
40 return 100;
41 }
42
43 char *getDesDir(char *cmsg)
44 {
45 char *p;
46
47 p=strtok(cmsg," ");
48 p=strtok(NULL," ");
49 return p;
50
51 }
52
53
54 void msg_handler(struct Msg msg,int fd)
55 {
56 char dataBuf[1280]={0};
57 char *file = NULL;
58 int fdfile;
59
60 printf("cmd:%s\n",msg.data);
61 int ret=get_cmd_type(msg.data);
62
63 switch(ret){
64 case LS:
65 case PWD:
66 msg.type=0;
67 FILE *r=popen(msg.data,"r");
68 fread(msg.data,sizeof(msg.data),1,r);
69 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
70 break;
71 case CD:
72 msg.type=1;
73 char *dir=getDesDir(msg.data);
74 printf("dir:%s\n",dir);
75 chdir(dir);
76 break;
77 case GET:
78 file=getDesDir(msg.data);
79
80 if(access(file,F_OK)==-1){
81 strcpy(msg.data,"NO This file!");
82 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
83 }else{
84 msg.type=DOFILE;
85
86 fdfile=open(file,O_RDWR);
87 read(fdfile,dataBuf,sizeof(dataBuf));
88 close(fdfile);
89
90 strcpy(msg.data,dataBuf);
91 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
92
93 }
94 break;
95 case PUT:
96 fdfile=open(getDesDir(msg.data),O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0666);
97 write(fdfile,msg.secondBuf,strlen(msg.secondBuf));
98 close(fdfile);
99 break;
100 case QUIT:
101 printf("client quit!\n");
102 exit(-1);
103 }
104
105 }
106
107 int main(int argc ,char **argv)
108 {
109 int s_fd;
110 int c_fd;
111
112 char readBuf[128];
113 int n_read;
114
115
116 struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
117 struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
118 struct Msg msg;
119
120 if(argc!=3){
121 puts("param is not good");
122 exit(-1);
123 }
124 memset(&s_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
125 memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
126
127 //1 socket
128 s_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM ,0);
129 if(s_fd==-1){
130 perror("socket");
131 exit(-1);
132 }
133
134
135 s_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
136 s_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
137 inet_aton(argv[1],&s_addr.sin_addr);
138 //2 bind
139 bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr*)&s_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
140 //3 listen
141 listen(s_fd,10);
142
143 //4 accept
144 int clen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
145
146 while(1)
147 {
148 c_fd = accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr*)&c_addr,&clen);
149 if(c_fd==-1){
150 perror("accept");
151 }
152
153
154 printf("get connect: %s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr));
155
156
157 if(fork()==0){
158 //5 read
159 while(1)
160 {
161 memset(msg.data,0,sizeof(msg.data));
162 n_read = read(c_fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
163 if(n_read==0){
164 printf("client out\n");
165 break;
166 }else if(n_read>0){
167 msg_handler(msg,c_fd);
168 }
169 }
170
171 }
172
173 }
174 close(c_fd);
175 close(s_fd);
176 return 0;
177 }
FTP客户端
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
3 #include <sys/socket.h>
4 //#include <linux/in.h>
5 #include <arpa/inet.h>
6 #include <netinet/in.h>
7 #include <stdlib.h>
8 #include <string.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10 //#include "config.h"
11
12 #define LS 0
13 #define GET 1
14 #define PWD 2
15 #define IFGO 3
16 #define LCD 4
17 #define LLS 5
18 #define CD 6
19 #define PUT 7
20 #define QUIT 8
21 #define DOFILE 9
22
23 struct Msg
24 {
25 int type;
26 char data[1024];
27 char secondBuf[128];
28 };
29
30 char *getdir(char *cmd)
31 {
32 char *p;
33 p=strtok(cmd," ");
34 p=strtok(NULL," ");
35
36 return p;
37
38 }
39
40 int get_cmd_type(char *cmd)
41 {
42 if(!strcmp("lcd",cmd)) return LCD;
43 if(!strcmp("quit",cmd)) return QUIT;
44 if(!strcmp("ls",cmd)) return LS;
45 if(!strcmp("lls",cmd)) return LLS;
46 if(!strcmp("pwd",cmd)) return PWD;
47
48 if(strstr(cmd,"cd")!=NULL) return CD;
49 if(strstr(cmd,"get")!=NULL) return GET;
50 if(strstr(cmd,"put")!=NULL) return PUT;
51
52 return -1;
53 }
54
55 int cmd_handler(struct Msg msg,int fd)
56 {
57 char *dir=NULL;
58 char buf[32];
59 int ret;
60 int filefd;
61
62 ret=get_cmd_type(msg.data);
63
64 switch(ret){
65 case LS:
66 case CD:
67 case PWD:
68 msg.type=0;
69 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
70 break;
71 case GET:
72 msg.type=2;
73 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
74 break;
75 case PUT:
76 strcpy(buf,msg.data);
77 dir=getdir(buf);
78
79 if(access(dir,F_OK)==-1){
80 printf("%s not exsit\n",dir);
81
82 }else{
83 filefd=open(dir,O_RDWR);
84 read(filefd,msg.secondBuf,sizeof(msg.secondBuf));
85 close(filefd);
86
87 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
88
89 }
90 break;
91 case LLS:
92 system("ls");
93 break;
94 case LCD:
95 dir=getdir(msg.data);
96 chdir(dir);
97 break;
98 case QUIT:
99 strcpy(msg.data,"quit");
100 write(fd,&msg,sizeof(msg));
101 close(fd);
102 exit(-1);
103 }
104
105 return ret;
106
107
108 }
109
110 void handler_server_message(int c_fd,struct Msg msg)
111 {
112 int n_read;
113 struct Msg msgget;
114 int newfilefd;
115
116 n_read=read(c_fd,&msgget,sizeof(msgget));
117
118 if(n_read==0){
119 printf("server is out, quite\n");
120 exit(-1);
121 }
122 else if(msgget.type==DOFILE){
123 char *p=getdir(msg.data);
124 newfilefd=open(p,O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
125 write(newfilefd,msgget.data,strlen(msgget.data));
126 putchar('>');
127 fflush(stdout);
128 }
129 else{
130 printf("--------------------------------------\n");
131 printf("\n%s\n",msgget.data);
132 printf("--------------------------------------\n");\
133 putchar('>');
134 fflush(stdout);
135 }
136
137 }
138
139
140 int main(int argc, char** argv)
141 {
142 int c_fd;
143 struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
144
145 struct Msg msg;
146
147
148 if(argc!=3){
149 puts("param is not good");
150 exit(-1);
151 }
152
153
154 memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
155
156 //1 socket
157 c_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM ,0);
158 if(c_fd==-1){
159 perror("socket");
160 exit(-1);
161 }
162
163
164 c_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
165 c_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
166 inet_aton(argv[1],&c_addr.sin_addr);
167
168 //2 connnect
169
170 if(connect(c_fd,(struct sockaddr*)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))==-1)
171 {
172 perror("connect");
173 exit(-1);
174 }
175 printf("connet ...\n");
176 int mark=0;
177 while(1)
178 {
179 //3 send
180 memset(msg.data,0,sizeof(msg.data));
181 if(mark==0) printf(">");
182 gets(msg.data);
183
184 if(strlen(msg.data)==0){
185 if(mark==1){
186 printf(">");
187 }
188 continue;
189 }
190 mark=1;
191
192 int ret = cmd_handler(msg,c_fd);
193 //4 read
194 if(ret>IFGO){
195 putchar('>');
196 fflush(stdout);
197 continue;
198 }
199 if(ret==-1){
200 printf("command not \n");
201 printf(">");
202 fflush(stdout);
203 continue;
204 }
205 handler_server_message(c_fd,msg);
206 }
207 return 0;
208 }
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