compose容器编排工具

1、什么是compose

compose是一个容器编排工具；Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。通过 Compose，您可以使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务。然后，使用一个命令，就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

2、安装docker-compose

[root@docker_server ~]# DOCKER_CONFIG=${DOCKER_CONFIG:-$HOME/.docker}
[root@docker_server ~]# mkdir -p $DOCKER_CONFIG/cli-plugins
[root@docker_server ~]# echo $DOCKER_CONFIG
/root/.docker

[root@docker_server ~]# curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.7.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -o $DOCKER_CONFIG/cli-plugins/docker-compose
（github下载太慢，先下载到本地在用xftp或者rzsz传输上来）
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# ls
docker-compose
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# chmod +x docker-compose 
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# ls
docker-compose
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# docker compose version
Docker Compose version v2.7.0

3、使用docker-compose

1、定义应用程序依赖项

[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# mkdir /composetest
[root@docker_server cli-plugins]# cd /composetest/
[root@docker_server composetest]# ls
[root@docker_server composetest]# vim app.py
[root@docker_server composetest]# cat app.py 
import time

import redis
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)

def get_hit_count():
    retries = 5
    while True:
        try:
            return cache.incr('hits')
        except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
            if retries == 0:
                raise exc
            retries -= 1
            time.sleep(0.5)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    count = get_hit_count()
    return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

[root@docker_server composetest]# vim requirements.txt
[root@docker_server composetest]# cat requirements.txt 
flask
redis
[root@docker_server composetest]# ls
app.py  requirements.txt

2、创建Dockerfile文件

[root@docker_server composetest]# vim Dockerfile
[root@docker_server composetest]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]

3、创建docker-compose.yml定义服务

[root@docker_server composetest]# vim docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_server composetest]# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: "3.9"
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8000:5000"
  redis:
    image: "redis:alpine"

4、执行docker-compose

只能在有docker-compose.yml或docker-compose.yaml的目录下运行

[root@docker_server composetest]# ls
app.py  docker-compose.yml  Dockerfile  requirements.txt
[root@docker_server composetest]# docker compose up
[+] Building 243.5s (11/11) FINISHED                                                                                                                    
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 348B                                                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.7-alpine                                                                               4.5s
 => [1/6] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.7-alpine@sha256:94c0a807604a8da09cf6597f11080ad8cdb62f9b4dc1e8cb8134e487f33aa15f                         0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 358B                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => CACHED [2/6] WORKDIR /code                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => CACHED [3/6] RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers                                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [4/6] COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt                                                                                            0.0s
 => [5/6] RUN pip install -r requirements.txt                                                                                                    238.2s
 => [6/6] COPY . .                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                             0.6s 
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                            0.6s 
 => => writing image sha256:106621b2aead02aecaceeb7948d35ff0b9de044d25507007248692b0295081a9                                                       0.0s 
 => => naming to docker.io/library/composetest_web                                                                                                 0.0s 
[+] Running 3/1                                                                                                                                         
 ⠿ Network composetest_default    Created                                                                                                          0.0s
 ⠿ Container composetest-redis-1  Created                                                                                                          0.0s
 ⠿ Container composetest-web-1    Created                                                                                                          0.0s
Attaching to composetest-redis-1, composetest-web-1
composetest-redis-1  | 1:C 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.116 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
composetest-redis-1  | 1:C 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.116 # Redis version=7.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
composetest-redis-1  | 1:C 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.116 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.116 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.117 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.117 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.117 # Server initialized
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.117 # WARNING Memory overcommit must be enabled! Without it, a background save or replication may fail under low memory condition. Being disabled, it can can also cause failures without low memory condition, see https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/issues/1328. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
composetest-redis-1  | 1:M 04 Jul 2023 08:41:56.118 * Ready to accept connections
composetest-web-1    |  * Serving Flask app 'app.py'
composetest-web-1    |  * Debug mode: off
composetest-web-1    | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead.
composetest-web-1    |  * Running on all addresses (0.0.0.0)
composetest-web-1    |  * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000
composetest-web-1    |  * Running on http://172.18.0.2:5000
composetest-web-1    | Press CTRL+C to quit
^CGracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force)
[+] Running 2/2
 ⠿ Container composetest-web-1    Stopped                                                                                                         10.3s
 ⠿ Container composetest-redis-1  Stopped                                                                                                          0.4s
canceled

访问8000端口就可以看到页面内容

4、Wordpress案例

[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# mkdir /my_wordpress
[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# cd /my_wordpress/
[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# vim docker-compose.yml 
[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# cat docker-compose.yml 
services:
  db:
    # We use a mariadb image which supports both amd64 & arm64 architecture
    image: mariadb:10.6.4-focal
    # If you really want to use MySQL, uncomment the following line
    #image: mysql:8.0.27
    command: '--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password'
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=somewordpress
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
      - MYSQL_USER=wordpress
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress
    expose:
      - 3306
      - 33060
  wordpress:
    image: wordpress:latest
    volumes:
      - wp_data:/var/www/html
    ports:
      - 80:80
    restart: always
    environment:
      - WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=db
      - WORDPRESS_DB_USER=wordpress
      - WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=wordpress
      - WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wordpress
volumes:
  db_data:
  wp_data:
[root@docker_server my_wordpress]# docker-compose up
[+] Running 2/0

访问80端口就可以看到效果