java不可变类写法（模具-本体-复印件）

成员都是基本类型的（非组合类）类

成员用private final修饰，只能提供一个全参构造，只能提供getter方法

/**
 * @author 张家琛
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2023/1/24 21:17
 */
public class Address {
    private final String detail;
    private final String postCode;

    public Address(String detail, String postCode) {
        this.detail = detail;
        this.postCode = postCode;
    }

    
    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }

    public String getPostCode() {
        return postCode;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj != null && obj.getClass() == Address.class) {
            var address = (Address) obj;
            if (this.getDetail().equals(address.getDetail()) && this.getPostCode().equals(address.getPostCode())) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return detail.hashCode() + postCode.hashCode() * 31;
    }
}

组合：下面定义了Name类和Person类，让Person类是不可变的

class Name {
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;

    public Name() {
    }

    public Name(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

public class Person {
    private final Name name;

    public Person(Name name) {
        this.name = new Name(name.getFirstName(), name.getLastName());
    }

    public Name getName() {
        return new Name(name.getFirstName(), name.getLastName());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        var name = new Name("老三", "张");
        var person = new Person(name);
        System.out.println(person.getName().getFirstName());
        name.setFirstName("老四");
        System.out.println(person.getName().getFirstName());
    }
}

输出结果:

由于Name类实例可以通过Setter来操作成员变量，所以需要Person在构造时创建一个新的Name实例（当成本体）存储传入Name（模具）的值，然后每次Person实例调用Getter时都会新创建一个name对象（本体的复印件），也就是说永远都不让访问那个构造时新创建的本体