目录
一、类的创建
2、然后创建操作相关的类——
先创建一个接口 IOperation,然后分别创建 AddOperation、DelOperation、FindOperation、DisplayOperation、BorrowOperation、ReturnOperation、ExitOperation
分别代表用户可以实现的操作(添加、删除、查找、显示、借书、还书、退出)
3、然后我们创建用户相关的类——
AdminUser代表管理员用户类、NormalUser代表普通用户类、而User是一个抽象类,是它们的父类。
4、最后直接创建一个主类,用来搭建整体的逻辑。
二、各个类具体的实现
1、book包
Book类
该类为书类,先定义需要的属性,再为每个成员变量提供 getter 和 setter 方法,最后重写一下toString方法方便打印。
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private int price;//价格
private String type;//类型
private boolean isBorrowed;//是否借出
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
((isBorrowed == true) ? " 已经被借出 " : " 未被借出 ") +
'}';
}
}
BookList类
该类为书架类,默认放三本书,提供的方法有获取某位置的的书、在某位置设置某本书。
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books = new Book[10];
private int usedSize;
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",57,"小说");
books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",39,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",42,"小说");
this.usedSize = 3;
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
public Book getPos(int pos) {
return this.books[pos];//获取到pos位置的一本书
}
public void setBook(int pos,Book book) {
this.books[pos] = book;// 设置Pos下标为一本书
}
}
2、operation包
IOperation 接口
在接口中定义一个抽象类 work,让其他类实现这个接口,实现具体的work方法。
package operation;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public interface IOperation {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
void work(BookList bookList);
}
AddOperation类
该类为新增图书的具体实现类(新增方法为在最后一本书的后面添加,当然可以有更优化的做法,但是我们重点是面向对象,业务上就暂不细化了)具体实现如下:
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("新增图书!");
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:");
String type = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setBook(size,book);
bookList.setUsedSize(size+1);
System.out.println("新增图书成功!");
}
}
BorrowOperation类
本类为借书的具体实现类,主要操作为借完一本书,即可更改图书状态为“已经被借出”,如果没查找到你要借的则显示“没有你要借的这本书”。具体实现如下:
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书!");
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
book.setBorrowed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要借阅的这本书!");
}
}
DelOperation类
删除图书的具体实现类。输入要删除的图书的名字,如果查找到则将该书删除(用顺序表的逻辑实现),如果没找到则提示没有这本书。具体实现如下:
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书!");
//1、根据书名找到书的位置
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
int index = 0;//存储找到的下标
int i = 0;
for (; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(i >= currentSize) {
System.out.println("没有你要删除的这本书!");
return;
}
// 2、进行删除
for (int j = index; j < currentSize-1; j++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(j+1);//利用getpos()函数让book获取第j+1本书的信息
bookList.setBook(j,book); //把book插入第j个位置
}
bookList.setBook(currentSize,null);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
System.out.println("删除成功!");
}
}
FindOperation类
该类为查找图书的具体实现类,查找到则打印该图书的信息,否则提示没找到这本书。
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("请输入要查找的书名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
System.out.println("找到了这本书,信息如下:");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到这本书!");
}
}
DisplayOperation类
该类为显示图书的具体实现类。就是将书架上所存的书打印到屏幕上,具体实现如下:
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("打印图书!");
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
ReturnOperation类
该类为还书的具体实现类。还书之后将书的“isborrowed”的属性改为“未被借出”并提示归还成功,如果没找到对应的图书则提示“没有你要归还的书” 。
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
book.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要归还的这本书!");
}
}
ExitOperation类
该类为退出程序的基本实现类。System.exit(0)表示正常退出程序。
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统!");
System.exit(0);
}
}
3、user包
User类
该类为一个抽象用户类,提供菜单的抽象方法,还有一个IOperation类的数组,里面存放的是各类操作的具体实现类。
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doWork(int choice, BookList bookList) {
iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
AdminUser类
该类是管理员用户类,重写了User类的menu方法。
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("===========管理员菜单===========");
System.out.println("你好," + this.name +" 用户");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("==============================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
NormalUser类
该类为普通用户类,menu也经过了重写。
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation(),
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("===========普通用户的菜单===========");
System.out.println("你好," + this.name +" 用户");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("==============================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
4、Main类
该类为主类,搭建整体框架。最核心的点就在main函数里的几行代码。(用到了向上转型、发生了动态绑定)
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login() {
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份:1-》管理员,0-》普通用户");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == 1) {
return new AdminUser(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
User user = login();//向上转型
while (true) {
int choice = user.menu();//发生了动态绑定
user.doWork(choice, bookList);
}
}
}
二、运行结果