K8s Ingress Controller部署指南：轻松实现服务外部访问

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目录

一、前言

1、k8s简介

2、Ingress Controller简介

3、Ingress Controller的常见实现方案

二、部署Ingress Controller

1、安装前的准备工作

2、安装Ingress Controller

三、测试

1、部署tomcat服务

2、创建Ingress规则

3、访问测试

---

在上一章节中，我们解析了K8s七层代理Ingress Controller的定义与原理，本期将作为上期内容的补充，讲解如何在k8s中部署Ingress Controller。

一、前言

1、k8s简介

Kubernetes单词起源于希腊语, 是“舵手”或者“领航员、飞行员”的意思。

Kubernetes（简称K8s）的前世今生可以追溯到谷歌（Google）内部的一个项目，它起源于2003年，当时谷歌正面临着不断增长的应用程序和服务的管理挑战。这个项目最初被称为"Borg"，是一个早期的容器编排系统。Borg 的成功经验成为 Kubernetes 开发的契机。

 有关k8s起源的介绍，请参考《初识K8s之前世今生、架构、组件、前景》这篇文章

​​​

​

Kubernetes的优点包括可移植性、可伸缩性和扩展性。它使用轻型的YAML清单文件实现声明性部署方法，对于应用程序更新，无需重新构建基础结构。管理员可以计划和部署容器，根据需要扩展容器并管理其生命周期。借助Kubernetes的开放源代码API，用户可以通过首选编程语言、操作系统、库和消息传递总线来构建应用程序，还可以将现有持续集成和持续交付（CI/CD）工具集成。

​​

2、Ingress Controller简介

Ingress Controller 是 Kubernetes 中的一个控制器，用于管理和配置入站网络流量的路由规则。它与 Kubernetes 的 Ingress 资源结合使用，为集群中的服务提供外部访问。

简单来说，Ingress Controller 负责根据定义的 Ingress 规则，将流量路由到集群中的不同服务和端口，并且可以执行负载均衡以分发流量到多个 Pod。它支持基于域名的虚拟主机路由和基于 URL 路径的路由，可以配置 HTTPS 连接和终端，同时还支持灵活的配置和自动化部署。

Ingress Controller 的作用类似于一个反向代理，它接收外部流量并将其路由到集群内部的服务。通过 Ingress Controller，可以轻松地实现多个服务的统一入口和管理，提高了集群中服务的可访问性和可用性。

3、Ingress Controller的常见实现方案

1. Nginx Ingress Controller：Nginx Ingress Controller 使用 Nginx 作为反向代理服务器，负责管理和路由入站流量。它是 Kubernetes 社区中最流行的 Ingress Controller 实现之一，具有丰富的功能和灵活的配置选项。
2. Traefik：Traefik 是一个现代的反向代理和负载均衡工具，也可以作为 Ingress Controller 在 Kubernetes 中使用。它具有自动发现服务、动态配置、自动 TLS 证书管理等特性，适用于复杂的部署场景。
3. HAProxy Ingress：HAProxy Ingress 是一个基于 HAProxy 的 Ingress Controller 实现，它提供了灵活的配置选项和高性能的负载均衡能力。HAProxy Ingress 在性能方面表现出色，适用于高流量的生产环境。
4. Contour：Contour 是由 Heptio（现为 VMware）开发的 Ingress Controller，基于 Envoy 代理实现。它提供了先进的负载均衡、TLS 加密、HTTP/2 支持等功能，并且易于部署和配置。
5. Kong：Kong 是一个开源的 API 网关和微服务管理平台，可以作为 Kubernetes 的 Ingress Controller 使用。它提供了灵活的插件系统和可扩展的架构，适用于大规模和复杂的微服务架构。

二、部署Ingress Controller

1、安装前的准备工作

1. 准备k8s集群，我这里已经提前搭建好了k8s集群，版本是1.23，如果还未搭建k8s集群，请参考《在Centos中搭建 K8s 1.23 集群超详细讲解》这篇文章。
2. 准备部署Ingress Controller所需的资源镜像，我已经放在个人资源里了，大家可以按需自行去下载

2、安装Ingress Controller

因为我们的集群版本是1.23，所以我们使用的Ingress-NGINX版本是v1.5.1，如果大家的集群是其他版本的，可以按需下载资源

版本资源对照列表地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx

  

将下载好的资源镜像解压到各个node节点 

[root@node3 ~]# docker load -i nginx-ingress-controller-v1.5.1.tar.gz

准备部署Ingress Controller的YAML文件，以下是文件内容

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  name: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - pods
  - secrets
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-nginx-leader
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-nginx-leader
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - secrets
  verbs:
  - get
  - create
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - endpoints
  - nodes
  - pods
  - secrets
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - admissionregistration.k8s.io
  resources:
  - validatingwebhookconfigurations
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
  allow-snippet-annotations: "true"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - appProtocol: http
    name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: http
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: LoadBalancer
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https-webhook
    port: 443
    targetPort: webhook
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 0
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        - --election-id=ingress-nginx-leader
        - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
        - --ingress-class=nginx
        - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        - --validating-webhook=:8443
        - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
        - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: LD_PRELOAD
          value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.5.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /wait-shutdown
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 5
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        name: controller
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: http
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 8443
          name: webhook
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 90Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - ALL
          runAsUser: 101
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
          name: webhook-cert
          readOnly: true
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
      - name: webhook-cert
        secret:
          secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - create
        - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        image: dyrnq/kube-webhook-certgen:v20220916-gd32f8c343 
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: create
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 2000
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - patch
        - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --patch-mutating=false
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        image: dyrnq/kube-webhook-certgen:v20220916-gd32f8c343 
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: patch
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 2000
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: nginx
spec:
  controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.5.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
- admissionReviewVersions:
  - v1
  clientConfig:
    service:
      name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
      namespace: ingress-nginx
      path: /networking/v1/ingresses
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchPolicy: Equivalent
  name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
  rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - networking.k8s.io
    apiVersions:
    - v1
    operations:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    resources:
    - ingresses
  sideEffects: None

部署Ingress Controller

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f Ingress-Controller.yaml

  

查看Pod状态

  

 安装成功

三、测试

1、部署tomcat服务

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: tomcat-pod
  labels:
    app: tomcat
spec:
  containers:
  - name: tomcat-container
    image: tomcat:latest
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: tomcat
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080

创建Pod

[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f  test.yaml

2、创建Ingress规则

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-myapp
  namespace: default
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: tomcat.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: tomcat-service
            port:
              number: 8080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix

• apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1：指定了使用的 Kubernetes API 版本。
• kind: Ingress：指定了资源类型为 Ingress。
• metadata：元数据部分，用于指定 Ingress 的名称和命名空间。
• name: ingress-myapp：指定 Ingress 的名称为 ingress-myapp。
• namespace: default：指定 Ingress 所属的命名空间为 default。
• spec：Ingress 规格部分，定义了路由规则和后端服务。
• ingressClassName: nginx：指定了 Ingress 的类别为 nginx，表示使用名为 nginx 的 Ingress Controller 来处理这个 Ingress 资源。
• rules：定义了路由规则，指定了如何将请求路由到后端服务。
• host: tomcat.lucky.com：指定了域名，当请求的 Host 头部匹配 tomcat.lucky.com 时，将使用这条规则。
• http：指定了 HTTP 协议的路由规则。
• paths：定义了路径规则，指定了如何根据请求的路径来路由到后端服务。
• -：一个路径规则条目。
• backend：定义了后端服务。
• service：指定了后端 Service 的名称为 tomcat。
• name: tomcat：指定了后端 Service 的名称为 tomcat。
• port：指定了后端 Service 的端口号为 8080。
• number: 8080：指定了端口号为 8080。
• path: /：指定了路径为 /，表示所有请求路径都会被匹配。
• pathType: Prefix：指定了路径匹配的类型为前缀匹配。

创建资源

[root@master ingress]# kubectl  apply -f ingress.yaml

3、访问测试

编辑电脑上 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc下的hosts文件。

添加一条 192.168.40.181 tomcat.test.com 记录

其中 192.168.40.181是node节点的IP，tomcat.test.com是我们刚刚在ingress中定义的域名。

查看ingress端口

  

在浏览器输入tomcat.test.com:31224，如果能访问到tomcat，则部署成功

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