【STM32基础】基于STM32F4xx粤嵌GEC-M4开发板的温湿度采集

【STM32基础】基于STM32F4xx粤嵌GEC-M4开发板的温湿度采集

温湿度采集

资源:
download.csdn.net/download/weixin_53403301/85147855

功能合辑:
blog.csdn.net/weixin_53403301/article/details/121843525
【2k行代码】基于stm32f4xx粤嵌GEC-M4的按键密码锁、呼吸灯、蜂鸣器音乐、超声波测距及倒车雷达、温湿度检测、光敏电阻自动灯光调节、USART串口控制系统

代码如下:

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include <stdio.h>


static GPIO_InitTypeDef 		GPIO_InitStructure;
static NVIC_InitTypeDef 		NVIC_InitStructure;
static USART_InitTypeDef 		USART_InitStructure;

#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting_swi)
struct __FILE { int handle; /* Add whatever you need here */ };
FILE __stdout;
FILE __stdin;

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) {
	
	USART_SendData(USART1,ch);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE)==RESET);
	USART_ClearFlag(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE);
	
	
	return ch;
}
void _sys_exit(int return_code) {

}

void delay_us(uint32_t n)
{
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; 			// Disable SysTick,关闭系统定时器
	SysTick->LOAD = (168*n)-1; // 配置计数值(168*n)-1 ~ 0
	SysTick->VAL  = 0; 		// Clear current value as well as count flag
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; 		// Enable SysTick timer with processor clock
	while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x10000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; 		// Disable SysTick	
}

void delay_ms(uint32_t n)
{
	while(n--)
	{
		SysTick->CTRL = 0; 				// Disable SysTick,关闭系统定时器
		SysTick->LOAD = (168000)-1; 	// 配置计数值(168000)-1 ~ 0
		SysTick->VAL  = 0; 		// Clear current value as well as count flag
		SysTick->CTRL = 5; 		// Enable SysTick timer with processor clock
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x10000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set
	}
	
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; 		// Disable SysTick	

}

void usart1_init(uint32_t baud)
{
	
	//打开PA硬件时钟	
	RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	

	//打开串口1硬件时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);

	//配置PA9和PA10为复用功能模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9|GPIO_Pin_10;		//第9 10根引脚
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode= GPIO_Mode_AF;	//多功能模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;	//推挽输出,增加输出电流能力。
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;//高速响应
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;	//没有使能上下拉电阻

	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);


	//将PA9和PA10引脚连接到串口1的硬件
	GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_USART1);
	GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource10,GPIO_AF_USART1);	
	
	
	
	//配置串口1相关参数:波特率、无校验位、8位数据位、1个停止位......
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baud;										//波特率
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;						//8位数据位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;							//1个停止位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;								//无奇偶校验
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;	//无硬件流控制
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;					//允许收发数据
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	
	//配置串口1的中断触发方法:接收一个字节触发中断
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	
	//配置串口1的中断优先级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	
	//使能串口1工作
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void dht11_init(void)
{

	//端口G硬件时钟使能
	RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOG, ENABLE);	
	
	
	//配置PG9为输出模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;		//第9根引脚
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode= GPIO_Mode_OUT;	//输出模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;	//推挽输出,增加输出电流能力。
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;//高速响应
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;	//没有使能上下拉电阻

	GPIO_Init(GPIOG,&GPIO_InitStructure);		
	
	
	//PG9初始状态为高电平,看时序图
	PGout(9)=1;
}

int32_t dht11_read(uint8_t *pbuf)
{
	uint32_t t=0;
	int32_t i=0,j=0;
	uint8_t d=0;
	uint8_t *p=pbuf;
	uint32_t check_sum=0;
	
	
	//---------------------通信开始的第一部分,主机信号
	//PG9设置为输出模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;		//第9根引脚
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode= GPIO_Mode_OUT;	//输出模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;	//推挽输出,增加输出电流能力。
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;//高速响应
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;	//没有使能上下拉电阻

	GPIO_Init(GPIOG,&GPIO_InitStructure);	
	
	PGout(9)=0;
	delay_ms(20);
	
	PGout(9)=1;
	delay_us(30);	
	
	//-----通信开始的第二部分,DHT信号
	//PG9设置为输入模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;		//第9根引脚
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode= GPIO_Mode_IN;		//输入模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;//高速响应
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;	//没有使能上下拉电阻

	GPIO_Init(GPIOG,&GPIO_InitStructure);	

	//等待低电平出现
	t=0;
	while(PGin(9))
	{
		t++;
		
		delay_us(1);
		
		if(t>=4000)
			return -1;

	}
	
	
	//测量低电平合法性
	t=0;
	while(PGin(9)==0)
	{
		t++;
		
		delay_us(1);
		
		if(t>=1000)
			return -2;
	
	}

	//测量高电平合法性
	t=0;
	while(PGin(9))
	{
		t++;
		
		delay_us(1);
		
		if(t>=1000)
			return -3;
	}

	
	
	//数据0和1的读取
	for(j=0; j<5; j++)
	{
		d=0;
		//一个字节的接收,从最高有效位开始接收
		for(i=7; i>=0; i--)
		{
		
			//等待数据0/数据1的前置低电平持续完毕
			t=0;
			while(PGin(9)==0)
			{
				t++;
				
				delay_us(1);
				
				if(t>=1000)
					return -4;
			
			}

			//延时40us
			delay_us(40);
		
			//判断当前PG9是否为高电平还是低电平
			//若是高电平,则为数据1;
			//若是低电平,则为数据0;
			if(PGin(9))
			{
				d|=1<<i;//将变量d对应的比特位置1,如i=7,d|=1<<7就是将变量d的bit7置1
			
			
				//等待高电平持续完毕
				t=0;
				while(PGin(9))
				{
					t++;
					
					delay_us(1);
					
					if(t>=1000)
						return -5;
				}		
			}
		}
		
		p[j]=d;	
	}
	
	//校验和
	check_sum = (p[0]+p[1]+p[2]+p[3])&0xFF;
	
	if(p[4] != check_sum)
		return -6;
	
	
	return 0;
	
}



int main(void)
{
	int32_t rt=0;
	uint8_t buf[5]={0};
	
	
	//串口1波特率:115200bps
	usart1_init(115200);	


	
	//温湿度模块初始化
	dht11_init();
	
	
	while(1)
	{

		rt = dht11_read(buf);
		
		if(rt == 0)
		{
			printf("温度为:%d.%d℃,湿度为:%d.%d%%\r\n",buf[2],buf[3],buf[0],buf[1]);
		
		}
		else
		{
			printf("dht11 error code %d\r\n",rt);
		}
		
		//等待文温湿度模块采集数据
		delay_ms(1000);
	}
}



void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	uint8_t d;
	
	//检测标志位
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		//接收数据
		d=USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		USART_SendData(USART1,d);
		while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE)==RESET);	
	
		//清空标志位
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE);
	}

}





头文件:

#ifndef __SYS_H__
#define __SYS_H__

//位带操作,实现51类似的GPIO控制功能
//IO口操作宏定义
#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2)) 
#define MEM_ADDR(addr)  *((volatile unsigned long  *)(addr)) 
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum)   MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum)) 

//IO口地址映射
#define GPIOA_ODR_Addr    (GPIOA_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIOB_ODR_Addr    (GPIOB_BASE+20) //0x40020414 
#define GPIOC_ODR_Addr    (GPIOC_BASE+20) //0x40020814 
#define GPIOD_ODR_Addr    (GPIOD_BASE+20) //0x40020C14 
#define GPIOE_ODR_Addr    (GPIOE_BASE+20) //0x40021014 
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414    
#define GPIOG_ODR_Addr    (GPIOG_BASE+20) //0x40021814   
#define GPIOH_ODR_Addr    (GPIOH_BASE+20) //0x40021C14    
#define GPIOI_ODR_Addr    (GPIOI_BASE+20) //0x40022014     

#define GPIOA_IDR_Addr    (GPIOA_BASE+16) //0x40020010 
#define GPIOB_IDR_Addr    (GPIOB_BASE+16) //0x40020410 
#define GPIOC_IDR_Addr    (GPIOC_BASE+16) //0x40020810 
#define GPIOD_IDR_Addr    (GPIOD_BASE+16) //0x40020C10 
#define GPIOE_IDR_Addr    (GPIOE_BASE+16) //0x40021010 
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410 
#define GPIOG_IDR_Addr    (GPIOG_BASE+16) //0x40021810 
#define GPIOH_IDR_Addr    (GPIOH_BASE+16) //0x40021C10 
#define GPIOI_IDR_Addr    (GPIOI_BASE+16) //0x40022010 
 
//IO口操作,只对单一的IO口!
//确保n的值小于16!
#define PAout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PAin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PBout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PBin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PCout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PCin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PDout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PDin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PEout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PEin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PFout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PFin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PGout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PGin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PHout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PHin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PIout(n)   BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PIin(n)    BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#endif

Cortex-M架构SysTick系统定时器阻塞和非阻塞延时

首先是最常用的阻塞延时

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	while(ms--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	while(us--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

50000000表示工作频率
分频后即可得到不同的延时时间
以此类推

那么 不用两个嵌套while循环 也可以写成:

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器

	while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	
	while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

但是这种写法有个弊端
那就是输入ms后,最大定时不得超过计数值,也就是不能超过LOAD的最大值,否则溢出以后,则无法正常工作

而LOAD如果最大是32位 也就是4294967295

晶振为50M的话 50M的计数值为1s 4294967295计数值约为85s

固最大定时时间为85s

但用嵌套while的话 最大可以支持定时4294967295*85s

如果采用非阻塞的话 直接改写第二种方法就好了:

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器

	//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	
	//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

将等待和关闭定时器语句去掉
在使用时加上判断即可变为阻塞:

delay_ms(500);
while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);
SysTick->CTRL = 0;

在非阻塞状态下 可以提交定时器后 去做别的事情 然后再来等待

不过这样又有一个弊端 那就是定时器会自动重载 可能做别的事情以后 定时器跑过了 然后就要等85s才能停下

故可以通过内部定时器来进行非阻塞延时函数的编写

基本上每个mcu的内部定时器都可以配置自动重载等功能 网上资料很多 这里就不再阐述了

附录:Cortex-M架构的SysTick系统定时器精准延时和MCU位带操作

SysTick系统定时器精准延时

延时函数

SysTick->LOAD中的值为计数值
计算方法为工作频率值/分频值
比如工作频率/1000 则周期为1ms

以ADuCM4050为例:

#include "ADuCM4050.h"

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能52MHz的系统定时器
	while(ms--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能52MHz的系统定时器
	while(us--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

其中的52000000表示芯片的系统定时器频率 32系列一般为外部定时器频率的两倍

Cortex-M架构SysTick系统定时器阻塞和非阻塞延时

阻塞延时

首先是最常用的阻塞延时

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	while(ms--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	while(us--)
	{
		while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待
	}
	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

50000000表示工作频率
分频后即可得到不同的延时时间
以此类推

那么 不用两个嵌套while循环 也可以写成:

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器

	while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	
	while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

但是这种写法有个弊端
那就是输入ms后,最大定时不得超过计数值,也就是不能超过LOAD的最大值,否则溢出以后,则无法正常工作

而LOAD如果最大是32位 也就是4294967295

晶振为50M的话 50M的计数值为1s 4294967295计数值约为85s

固最大定时时间为85s

但用嵌套while的话 最大可以支持定时4294967295*85s

非阻塞延时

如果采用非阻塞的话 直接改写第二种方法就好了:

void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器

	//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{
	SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles)  载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数
	SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag  清空计数值到达0后的标记
	SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock  使能26MHz的系统定时器
	
	//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set  等待

	//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick  关闭系统定时器
}

将等待和关闭定时器语句去掉
在使用时加上判断即可变为阻塞:

delay_ms(500);
while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);
SysTick->CTRL = 0;

在非阻塞状态下 可以提交定时器后 去做别的事情 然后再来等待

不过这样又有一个弊端 那就是定时器会自动重载 可能做别的事情以后 定时器跑过了 然后就要等85s才能停下

故可以通过内部定时器来进行非阻塞延时函数的编写

基本上每个mcu的内部定时器都可以配置自动重载等功能 网上资料很多 这里就不再阐述了

位带操作

位带代码

M3、M4架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+20 输入为+16
M0架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+12 输入为+8
以ADuCM4050为列:

位带宏定义
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"

#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2)) 
#define MEM_ADDR(addr)  *((volatile unsigned long  *)(addr)) 
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum)   MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))

#define GPIO0_ODR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIO0_IDR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+16) //0x40020010

#define GPIO1_ODR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+20) //0x40020054
#define GPIO1_IDR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+16) //0x40020050

#define GPIO2_ODR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+20) //0x40020094
#define GPIO2_IDR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+16) //0x40020090

#define GPIO3_ODR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+20) //0x400200D4
#define GPIO3_IDR_Addr    (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+16) //0x400200D0

#define P0_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define P0_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define P1_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define P1_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define P2_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define P2_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define P3_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define P3_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define Port0			(ADI_GPIO_PORT0)
#define Port1			(ADI_GPIO_PORT1)
#define Port2			(ADI_GPIO_PORT2)
#define Port3			(ADI_GPIO_PORT3)

#define Pin0			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0)
#define Pin1			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1)
#define Pin2			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2)
#define Pin3			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3)
#define Pin4			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4)
#define Pin5			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5)
#define Pin6			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6)
#define Pin7			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7)
#define Pin8			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8)
#define Pin9			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9)
#define Pin10			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10)
#define Pin11			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11)
#define Pin12			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12)
#define Pin13			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13)
#define Pin14			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14)
#define Pin15			(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15)

void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag);
void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num);

void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void);

void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void);

void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void);

void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void);

#endif

总线函数
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"
#include "GPIO.h"

void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag)
{
	switch(port)
	{
		case 0:{
			switch(pin)
			{
				case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;
				case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;
				case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;
				case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;
				case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;
				case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;
				case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;
				case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;
				case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;
				case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;
				case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;
				case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;
				case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;
				case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;
				case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;
				case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;
				default:pin=0;break;
			}
		}break;
		
		case 1:{
			switch(pin)
			{
				case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;
				case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;
				case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;
				case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;
				case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;
				case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;
				case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;
				case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;
				case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;
				case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;
				case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;
				case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;
				case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;
				case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;
				case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;
				case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;
				default:pin=0;break;
			}
		}break;
		
		case 2:{
			switch(pin)
			{
				case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;
				case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;
				case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;
				case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;
				case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;
				case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;
				case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;
				case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;
				case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;
				case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;
				case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;
				case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;
				case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;
				case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;
				case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;
				case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;
				default:pin=0;break;
			}
		}break;
		
		case 3:{
			switch(pin)
			{
				case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;
				case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;
				case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;
				case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;
				case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;
				case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;
				case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;
				case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;
				case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;
				case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;
				case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;
				case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;
				case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;
				case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;
				case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;
				case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;
				default:pin=0;break;
			}
		}break;
		
		default:port=0;break;
	}	
}

void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num)  //num最大为0xffff
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		GPIO_OUT(port,i,(num>>i)&0x0001);
	}
}


void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		P0_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(P0_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		P1_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(P1_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		P2_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(P2_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		P3_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(P3_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

一、位带操作理论及实践

位带操作的概念其实30年前就有了,那还是 CM3 将此能力进化,这里的位带操作是 8051 位寻址区的威力大幅加强版

位带区: 支持位带操作的地址区

位带别名: 对别名地址的访问最终作 用到位带区的访问上(注意:这中途有一个 地址映射过程)

位带操作对于硬件 I/O 密集型的底层程序最有用处

支持了位带操作后,可以使用普通的加载/存储指令来对单一的比特进行读写。在CM4中,有两个区中实现了位带。其中一个是SRAM区的最低1MB范围,第二个则是片内外设区的最低1MB范围。这两个区中的地址除了可以像普通的RAM一样使用外,它们还都有自己的“位带别名区”,位带别名区把每个比特膨胀成一个32位的字。当你通过位带别名区访问这些字时,就可以达到访问原始比特的目的。

位操作就是可以单独的对一个比特位读和写,类似与51中sbit定义的变量,stm32中通过访问位带别名区来实现位操作的功能
STM32中有两个地方实现了位带,一个是SRAM,一个是片上外设。
在这里插入图片描述
(1)位带本质上是一块地址区(例如每一位地址位对应一个寄存器)映射到另一片地址区(实现每一位地址位对应一个寄存器中的一位),该区域就叫做位带别名区,将每一位膨胀成一个32位的字。
(2)位带区的4个字节对应实际寄存器或内存区的一个位,虽然变大到4个字节,但实际上只有最低位有效(代表0或1)

只有位带可以直接用=赋值的方式来操作寄存器 位带是把寄存器上的每一位 膨胀到32位 映射到位带区 比如0x4002 0000地址的第0个bit 映射到位带区的0地址 那么其对应的位带映射地址为0x00 - 0x04 一共32位 但只有LSB有效 采用位带的方式用=赋值时 就是把位带区对应的LSB赋值 然后MCU再转到寄存器对应的位里面 寄存器操作时 如果不改变其他位上面的值 那就只能通过&=或者|=的方式进行

在这里插入图片描述

要设置0x2000 0000这个字节的第二个位bit2为1,使用位带操作的步骤有:
1、将1写入位 带别名区对应的映射地址(即0x22000008,因为1bit对应4个byte);
2、将0x2000 0000的值 读取到内部的缓冲区(这一步骤是内核完成的,属于原子操作,不需要用户操作);
3、将bit2置1,再把值写 回到0x2000 0000(属于原子操作,不需要用户操作)。

关于GPIO引脚对应的访问地址,可以参考以下公式
寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4

如:端口F访问的起始地址GPIOF_BASE

#define GPIOF ((GPIO_TypeDef *)GPIOF_BASE)

在这里插入图片描述

但好在官方库里面都帮我们定义好了 只需要在BASE地址加上便宜即可

例如:

GPIOF的ODR寄存器的地址 = GPIOF_BASE + 0x14

寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4

设置PF9引脚的话:

uint32_t *PF9_BitBand =
*(uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR– 0x40000000) *32 + 9*4)

封装一下:

#define PFout(x) *(volatile uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR – 0x40000000) *32 + x*4)

现在 可以把通用部分封装成一个小定义:

#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2)) 
#define MEM_ADDR(addr)  *((volatile unsigned long  *)(addr)) 
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum)   MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))

那么 设置PF引脚的函数可以定义:

#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414   
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410 

#define PF_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PF_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

若使PF9输入输出则:

PF_O(9)=1;  //输出高电平
uint8_t dat = PF_I(9);  //获取PF9引脚的值

总线输入输出:

void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

STM32的可用下面的函数:

#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "stm32l496xx.h"

#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2)) 
#define MEM_ADDR(addr)  *((volatile unsigned long  *)(addr)) 
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum)   MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))

#define GPIOA_ODR_Addr    (GPIOA_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIOB_ODR_Addr    (GPIOB_BASE+20) //0x40020414 
#define GPIOC_ODR_Addr    (GPIOC_BASE+20) //0x40020814 
#define GPIOD_ODR_Addr    (GPIOD_BASE+20) //0x40020C14 
#define GPIOE_ODR_Addr    (GPIOE_BASE+20) //0x40021014 
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414    
#define GPIOG_ODR_Addr    (GPIOG_BASE+20) //0x40021814   
#define GPIOH_ODR_Addr    (GPIOH_BASE+20) //0x40021C14    
#define GPIOI_ODR_Addr    (GPIOI_BASE+20) //0x40022014     

#define GPIOA_IDR_Addr    (GPIOA_BASE+16) //0x40020010 
#define GPIOB_IDR_Addr    (GPIOB_BASE+16) //0x40020410 
#define GPIOC_IDR_Addr    (GPIOC_BASE+16) //0x40020810 
#define GPIOD_IDR_Addr    (GPIOD_BASE+16) //0x40020C10 
#define GPIOE_IDR_Addr    (GPIOE_BASE+16) //0x40021010 
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr    (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410 
#define GPIOG_IDR_Addr    (GPIOG_BASE+16) //0x40021810 
#define GPIOH_IDR_Addr    (GPIOH_BASE+16) //0x40021C10 
#define GPIOI_IDR_Addr    (GPIOI_BASE+16) //0x40022010 
 
#define PA_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PA_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PB_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PB_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PC_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PC_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PD_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PD_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入 

#define PE_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PE_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PF_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PF_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PG_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PG_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PH_O(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PH_I(n)    	BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

#define PI_O(n)			BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_ODR_Addr,n)  //输出 
#define PI_I(n)   	BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_IDR_Addr,n)  //输入

void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void);

void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void);

void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void);

void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void);

void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void);

void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void);

void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void);

void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void);

void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void);

#endif

#include "GPIO.h"

void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PA_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PA_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PB_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PB_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PC_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PC_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PD_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PD_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PE_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PE_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PG_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PG_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PH_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PH_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num)  //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		PI_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;
	}
}
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void)  //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{
	unsigned int num;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<16;i++)
	{
		num=num+(PI_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;
	}
	return num;
}

二、如何判断MCU的外设是否支持位带

根据《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南(第3版)》中第6章第7节描述
在这里插入图片描述
也就是说 要实现对GPIO的位带操作 必须保证GPIO位于外设区域的第一个1MB中
第一个1MB应该是0x4010 0000之前 位带不是直接操作地址 而是操作地址映射 地址映射被操作以后 MCU自动会修改对应寄存器的值

位带区只有1MB 所以只能改0x4000 0000 - 0x400F FFFF的寄存器
像F4系列 GPIO的首地址为0x4002 0000 就可以用位带来更改

STM32L476的GPIO就不行:
在这里插入图片描述
AHB2的都不能用位带
ABP 还有AHB1都可以用
在这里插入图片描述
但是L476的寄存器里面 GPIO和ADC都是AHB2

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