基础版可参考文章:快递e栈(控制台简易版)——最最最基础
二维数组储存版可参考文章: 快递e栈(控制台简易版)——异常处理
IO流文件存储版可参考文章: 快递e栈(控制台简易版)——IO流
快递e栈(控制台简易版)——集合
考察内容:面向对象 + 集合
本节任务用于熟悉快递管理业务,完成快递管理控制台项目,具体需求如图。
任务过程
1. 明确需求,基于面向对象思想,创建用户类和快递类
2. 选择合适的集合保存快递信息,这里涉及到根据指定单号快速定位到快递信息,结合每个集合的特点,这里建议使用 Map 集合进行 数据存储,key为快递单号,value 为快递对象
3. 根据需求定义方法,完成上诉功能
4. 测试
项目模块分析如图
- V视图展示(欢迎,菜单,子菜单…)
- D数据存取(快递数据)//集合
- C调度逻辑(根据视图接受到的用户输入内容,调度数据存取)
- 快递类(初始化快递)
- 自定义异常
- main
代码实现如下
1. ExpressView类
//将同一包下的子包中的类导入进来,这三行代码需自行导包,不能直接复制
import mission.demo03.exception.OutNumberBoundException;
import mission.demo03.dao.ExpressDao;
import mission.demo03.express.Express;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
//视图展示的view层
public class ExpressView {
static Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
static ExpressDao dao = new ExpressDao();
//欢迎界面
public static void welcome(){
System.out.println("=====欢迎使用快递e栈快递柜=====");
}
//退出界面
public static void bye(){
System.out.println("=====系统已退出,感谢您的使用=====");
}
//主菜单
public static int mainMenu(){
int mainNum = 0;
do{
welcome();
System.out.println("请选择您的身份:");
System.out.println("1.管理员");
System.out.println("2.普通用户");
System.out.println("0.退出");
String s = input.nextLine();
try{
mainNum = validNum(s,0,2);
break;
}catch(NumberFormatException | OutNumberBoundException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}while(true);
return mainNum;
}
//判断输入的数字是否正确
private static int validNum(String s,int begin,int end) throws NumberFormatException, OutNumberBoundException {
try{
int num = Integer.parseInt(s);
if (num < begin || num > end){
throw new OutNumberBoundException("数字的范围必须在" + begin + "和" + end +"之间");
}
return num;
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
throw new NumberFormatException("输入的必须是数字!");
}
}
//管理员菜单
public static int managerMain(){
int managerNum = 0;
do{
System.out.println("请选择您要进行的操作:");
System.out.println("1.录入快递");
System.out.println("2.删除快递");
System.out.println("3.修改快递");
System.out.println("4.查看所有快递");
System.out.println("0.返回上一级界面");
String s = input.nextLine();
try{
managerNum = validNum(s,0,4);
break;
}catch(NumberFormatException | OutNumberBoundException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}while(true);
return managerNum;
}
//录入快递
public static Express insertExpress(){
System.out.print("请输入快递单号:");
String number = input.nextLine();
System.out.print("请输入快递公司:");
String company = input.nextLine();
Express e = new Express();
e.setNumber(number);
e.setCompany(company);
return e;
}
//删除快递
public static int isDeleteExpress() throws NumberFormatException, OutNumberBoundException {
do{
System.out.println("是否进行删除操作?");
System.out.println("1.确认删除");
System.out.println("0.取消操作");
String s = input.nextLine();
int deleteNum = -1;
try{
deleteNum = validNum(s,0,1);
return deleteNum;
}catch(NumberFormatException | OutNumberBoundException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}while(true);
}
//修改快递
public Express updateExpress(){
Express e = new Express();
String number;
do{//如果快递单号已经存在,则重新输入
System.out.print("请输入新的快递单号:");
number = input.nextLine();
if(dao.findExpressIsExist(number) == 1){
hasExist();
}
}while(dao.findExpressIsExist(number) == 1);
System.out.print("请输入新的快递公司:");
String company = input.nextLine();
e.setNumber(number);
e.setCompany(company);
return e;
}
//打印所有快递信息
public static void printAllExpress(Map<String, Express> expressMap){
System.out.println("当前快递柜存储情况:");
for(Express express:expressMap.values()){//遍历
printExpress(express);//打印单个快递信息
}
}
//打印一个快递信息
public static void printExpress(Express e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
//打印快递位置信息
public static void printExpressLocation(Express e){
System.out.println("您的快递存储在快递柜的第" + (e.getX() + 1) + "排,第" + (e.getY() + 1) + "列,取件愉快~");
}
//用户菜单(其实是有点多余的,但是为了体现视图的圆润性)
public static int userMain(){
int userNum = 0;
do{
System.out.println("请选择您要进行的操作:");
System.out.println("1.取出快递");
System.out.println("0.返回上一级界面");
String s = input.nextLine();
try{
userNum = validNum(s,0,1);
break;
}catch(NumberFormatException | OutNumberBoundException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}while(true);
return userNum;
}
//输入取件码
public static int findByCode(){
int code = -1 ;
do{
System.out.print("请输入取件码:");
String s = input.nextLine();
try{
code = validNum(s,100000,999999);
break;
}catch(NumberFormatException | OutNumberBoundException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}while(true);
return code;
}
//输入快递单号
public static String findByNumber(){
System.out.print("请输入快递单号:");
String s = input.nextLine();
return s;
}
//操作成功
public static void success(){
System.out.println("操作成功!");
}
//快递单号已经存在
public static void hasExist(){
System.out.println("该单号已经存在!");
}
//快递单号不存在
public static void noExist(){
System.out.println("快递不存在!");
}
}
2. ExpressDao类
//将同一包下的子包中的类导入进来,此行代码需自行导包,不能直接复制
import mission.demo03.express.Express;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.TreeMap;
//数据存取的dao层
public class ExpressDao {
//用的是TreeMap,因为可以在输出所有快递的时候自动排序,让程序看着更加美观
static Map<String, Express> expressMap = new TreeMap<>();//key为快递单号,value为快递信息
//初始化快递柜,默认添加几个快递
public ExpressDao() {
expressMap.put("1001",new Express("1001","中通快递",123456,1,3));
expressMap.put("1002",new Express("1002","圆通快递",456789,2,7));
expressMap.put("1003",new Express("1003","顺丰速递",123789,6,2));
}
/**
* 添加快递
* @param express
* @return express
*/
public static Express add(Express express){
Random random = new Random();
if(expressMap.size() == 100){
try {
throw new Exception("快递柜已满!不能放入快递了!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
int x,y;
do{
x = random.nextInt(10);
y = random.nextInt(10);
}while(isExist(x,y));
int code;
do{
code = random.nextInt(100000)+900000;
}while(isExistCode(code));
express.setCode(code);
express.setX(x);
express.setY(y);
expressMap.put(express.getNumber(),express);
return express;
}
/**
* 判断快递柜是否已存在快递
* @param x
* @param y
* @return true/false
*/
public static boolean isExist(int x, int y){
for(Express express : expressMap.values()){
if(express.getX() == x && express.getY() == y){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 判断取件码是否已经存在
* @param code
* @return true/false
*/
public static boolean isExistCode(int code){
for(Express express : expressMap.values()){
if(express.getCode() == code){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 根据快递单号查找快递,返回快递对象
* @param number
* @return express/null
*/
public Express findExpressByNumber(String number){
for(Express express : expressMap.values()){
if(express.getNumber().equals(number)){
return express;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 根据快递单号查找快递,如果不存在返回-1
* @param number
* @return 1/-1
*/
public static int findExpressIsExist(String number){
for(Express express:expressMap.values()){
if(express.getNumber().equals(number)){
return 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 根据快递单号删除快递
* @param number
* @return true
*/
public static boolean delete(String number) {
expressMap.remove(number);
return true;
}
/**
* 修改快递信息
* @param number
* @param newExpress
*/
public static void updateExpress(String number, Express newExpress) {
Express oldExpress = expressMap.get(number);//获取旧的快递信息
oldExpress.setCompany(newExpress.getCompany());
oldExpress.setNumber(newExpress.getNumber());
}
/**
* 获取所有的快递信息
* @return expressMap
*/
public Map<String, Express> getExpressMap(){
return expressMap;
}
/**
* 通过取件码查询是否存在
* @param code
* @return express/null
*/
public static Express findByExpressCode(int code){
Express e = new Express();
e.setCode(code);
for(Express express : expressMap.values()){
if(express.getCode() == code){
return express;
}
}
return null;
}
}
3. ExpressController类
//将同一包下的子包中的类导入进来,这三行代码需自行导包,不能直接复制
import mission.demo03.dao.ExpressDao;
import mission.demo03.express.Express;
import mission.demo03.view.ExpressView;
//调度逻辑的controller层
public class ExpressController {
static ExpressView v = new ExpressView();
static ExpressDao dao = new ExpressDao();
//初始化界面
public static void use() {
//调用主菜单进入相应的使用者(用户or管理员)平台
system:while(true){
int mainNum = v.mainMenu();//调用主菜单
switch(mainNum){
case 0://结束使用
break system;
case 1://进入管理员平台
try {
managerPlatform();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case 2://进入用户平台
try {
userPlatform();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
v.bye();
}
//管理员操作界面
public static void managerPlatform() {
manager:while(true){
int managerNum = v.managerMain();
switch(managerNum){
case 0:{//返回上一级页面
return;
}
case 1:{//1.录入快递
try {
insert();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break manager;
case 2:{//2.删除快递
try {
delete();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break manager;
case 3:{//3.修改快递
try {
update();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break manager;
case 4:{//4.查看所有快递
printAll();
}
break manager;
}
}
}
//用户操作界面
public static void userPlatform() {
user:while(true){
int userNum = v.userMain();
switch(userNum){
case 0:{//返回上一级页面
v.mainMenu();
}
break user;
case 1:{//1.取出快递
int code = v.findByCode();
Express e = dao.findByExpressCode(code);
if(e == null){
v.noExist();
}else {
System.out.println("取件成功!");
v.printExpress(e);
v.printExpressLocation(e);
try {
dao.delete(e.getNumber());
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
break user;
}
}
}
//录入快递
public static void insert() {
Express e1 = v.insertExpress();//输入快递信息
Express e2 = dao.findExpressByNumber(e1.getNumber());//通过快递单号查询是否存在
if (e2 == null){//此快递柜为空,add,生成取件码
try {
e2 = dao.add(e1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
v.printExpress(e2);//打印单条快递信息
v.success();
}else{
v.hasExist();
}
}
//删除快递
public static void delete() {
String num = v.findByNumber();//输入快递单号
int exist = dao.findExpressIsExist(num);//查找快递是否存在
if( exist == -1){//快递不存在
v.noExist();
}else {
int deleteNum =v.isDeleteExpress();//确认是否进行删除操作
if (deleteNum == 1){//确认删除
try {
dao.delete(num);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("删除成功!");
}else if (deleteNum == 0){//取消删除
System.out.println("取消操作成功!");
}
}
}
//删除快递
public static void update() {
String num = v.findByNumber();//输入快递单号
Express e1 = dao.findExpressByNumber(num);//通过快递单号查找快递,有则返回快递
if( e1 == null){//快递不存在
v.noExist();
}else {
String number = dao.findExpressByNumber(num).getNumber();//通过快递单号返回快递信息,获取number
Express e2 = v.updateExpress();
try {
dao.updateExpress(number,e2);//修改快递信息
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("快递信息更新成功!");
v.printExpress(e1);//输出单条快递信息
}
}
//查看所有快递
public static void printAll(){
v.printAllExpress(dao.getExpressMap());
}
}
4. Express类
//快递类
public class Express {
private String number;
private String company;
private int code;
private int x;//x坐标为快递所在的行数
private int y;//y坐标为快递所在的列数
public Express() {
}
public Express(String number, String company, int code, int x, int y) {
this.number = number;
this.company = company;
this.code = code;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "快递信息[" +
"快递单号:" + getNumber() + ' ' +
", 快递公司:" + getCompany() + ' ' +
", 取件码:" + getCode() + " , 在第" + (getX() + 1) + "行 第" + (getY() + 1) + "列柜子" +
']';
}
public String getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
public String getCompany() {
return company;
}
public void setCompany(String company) {
this.company = company;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public void setX(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
public void setY(int y) {
this.y = y;
}
}
5. OutNumberBoundException类
//自定义异常类
public class OutNumberBoundException extends RuntimeException{
public OutNumberBoundException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}
6. Main类
//将同一包下的子包中的类导入进来,此行代码需自行导包,不能直接复制
import mission.demo03.controller.ExpressController;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExpressController e = new ExpressController();
e.use();
}
}