opencv SVM

目录

What is a SVM?

官方文档的源代码

函数补充

colRange 和 rowRange

 RNG 随机数,rng.fill

 简化

多分类问题


What is a SVM?

A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a discriminative classifier formally defined by a separating hyperplane(超平面). In other words, given labeled training data (supervised learning), the algorithm outputs an optimal hyperplane which categorizes new examples. 

官方文档的源代码

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;

static void help()
{
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl
        << "This program shows Support Vector Machines for Non-Linearly Separable Data. " << endl
        << "--------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl
        << endl;
}

int main()
{
    help();

    const int NTRAINING_SAMPLES = 10;
    // Number of training samples per class 每类分类样本的数目
    const float FRAC_LINEAR_SEP = 0.9f;
    // Fraction of samples which compose the linear separable part 组成线性可分部分的样本的数量

    // Data for visual representation
    const int WIDTH = 512, HEIGHT = 512;// 最后画的图的尺寸
    Mat I = Mat::zeros(HEIGHT, WIDTH, CV_8UC3);// 三通道黑色背景图像

    //--------------------- 1. Set up(设置) training data randomly ---------------------------------------
    Mat trainData(2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES, 2, CV_32F);//保存坐标信息,20行*2列

    Mat labels(2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES, 1, CV_32S);//保存标签信息,20行*1列

    RNG rng(10); // Random value generation class //构造方法设定一个具体值,表示下面代码每次生成的结果都是一样的

    // Set up the linearly separable part of the training data
    int nLinearSamples = (int)(FRAC_LINEAR_SEP * NTRAINING_SAMPLES);// 10*0.9=9

    //! [setup1]
    // Generate random points for the class 1 为第一类创建随机点
    Mat trainClass = trainData.rowRange(0, nLinearSamples);//9行2列
    // The x coordinate of the points is in [0, 0.4)//x 的变化范围为横轴的0.4,
    Mat c = trainClass.colRange(0, 1);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0), Scalar(0.4 * WIDTH));//给序列填充随机数字 RNG rng(10) 数字越大,可填入随机数的选择越多
    // The y coordinate of the points is in [0, 1)
    c = trainClass.colRange(1, 2);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0), Scalar(HEIGHT));


    // Generate random points for the class 2 为第二类创建随机点
    trainClass = trainData.rowRange(2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES - nLinearSamples, 2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES);
    // The x coordinate of the points is in [0.6, 1]
    c = trainClass.colRange(0, 1);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0.6 * WIDTH), Scalar(WIDTH));
    // The y coordinate of the points is in [0, 1)
    c = trainClass.colRange(1, 2);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0), Scalar(HEIGHT));


    //! [setup1]

    //------------------ Set up the non-linearly separable part (非线性部分) of the training data ---------------
    //! [setup2]
    // Generate random points for the classes 1 and 2
    trainClass = trainData.rowRange(nLinearSamples, 2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES - nLinearSamples);
    // The x coordinate of the points is in [0.4, 0.6)
    c = trainClass.colRange(0, 1);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0.4 * WIDTH), Scalar(0.6 * WIDTH));
    // The y coordinate of the points is in [0, 1)
    c = trainClass.colRange(1, 2);
    rng.fill(c, RNG::UNIFORM, Scalar(0), Scalar(HEIGHT));
    //! [setup2]

    //------------------------- Set up the labels for the classes ---------------------------------
    labels.rowRange(0, NTRAINING_SAMPLES).setTo(1);  // Class 1
    labels.rowRange(NTRAINING_SAMPLES, 2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES).setTo(2);  // Class 2

    //------------------------ 2. Set up the support vector machines parameters --------------------
    cout << "Starting training process" << endl;
    //! [init]
    Ptr<SVM> svm = SVM::create();
    svm->setType(SVM::C_SVC);
    svm->setC(0.1);
    svm->setKernel(SVM::LINEAR);
    svm->setTermCriteria(TermCriteria(TermCriteria::MAX_ITER, (int)1e7, 1e-6));
    //! [init]

    //------------------------ 3. Train the svm ----------------------------------------------------
    //! [train]
    svm->train(trainData, ROW_SAMPLE, labels);
    //! [train]
    cout << "Finished training process" << endl;

    //------------------------ 4. Show the decision regions ----------------------------------------
    //! [show]
    Vec3b green(0, 100, 0), blue(100, 0, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i < I.rows; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < I.cols; j++)
        {
            Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1, 2) << j, i);
            float response = svm->predict(sampleMat);

            if (response == 1) I.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
            else if (response == 2) I.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
        }
    }
    //! [show]

    //----------------------- 5. Show the training data --------------------------------------------
    //! [show_data]
    int thick = -1;
    float px, py;
    // Class 1
    for (int i = 0; i < NTRAINING_SAMPLES; i++)
    {
        px = trainData.at<float>(i, 0);
        py = trainData.at<float>(i, 1);
        circle(I, Point((int)px, (int)py), 3, Scalar(0, 255, 0), thick);
    }
    // Class 2
    for (int i = NTRAINING_SAMPLES; i < 2 * NTRAINING_SAMPLES; i++)
    {
        px = trainData.at<float>(i, 0);
        py = trainData.at<float>(i, 1);
        circle(I, Point((int)px, (int)py), 3, Scalar(255, 0, 0), thick);
    }
    //! [show_data]

    //------------------------- 6. Show support vectors --------------------------------------------
    //! [show_vectors]
    thick = 2;
    Mat sv = svm->getUncompressedSupportVectors();

    for (int i = 0; i < sv.rows; i++)
    {
        const float* v = sv.ptr<float>(i);
        circle(I, Point((int)v[0], (int)v[1]), 6, Scalar(128, 128, 128), thick);
    }
    //! [show_vectors]

    imwrite("result.png", I);                      // save the Image
    imshow("SVM for Non-Linear Training Data", I); // show it to the user
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

函数补充

colRange 和 rowRange

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	Mat Test = (Mat_<double>(3, 3) << 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
	cout << "Total matrix:" << endl;
	cout << Test << endl << endl;

	Mat Test_col = Test.colRange(0,2);// 保存前2列的元素
	cout << "col range:" << endl;
	cout << Test_col << endl << endl;

	Mat Test_row = Test.rowRange(0, 2);// 保存前2行的元素
	cout << "row range:" << endl;
	cout << Test_row << endl << endl;

}

 RNG 随机数,rng.fill

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	RNG rng(10);//里面的数值设定之后,每次产生的随机数都一样,类似于numpy的seed
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		cout << "round " << i << endl;
		cout << "random number = " << rng.uniform(1, 10) << endl;
	}

}

 

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;


RNG rng(10);


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	Mat Test = (Mat_<double>(3, 3) << 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
	cout << "Total matrix:" << endl;
	cout << Test << endl << endl;

	Mat Test_col = Test.colRange(0, 1);
	cout << "col range:" << endl;
	cout << Test_col << endl << endl;

	rng.fill(Test_col, RNG::UNIFORM,2,10);
	cout << "new col range:" << endl;
	cout << Test_col << endl << endl;
	cout << "new Total matrix:" << endl;
	cout << Test << endl << endl;

}

 简化

仅仅使用简单数据实现整个流程

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;


RNG rng(10);


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   //设置训练数据
	int labels[4] = { 1, 1, -1, -1 };
	float trainingData[4][2] = { {0, 50}, {255, 40}, {501, 255}, {10, 501} };
	Mat trainingDataMat(4, 2, CV_32F, trainingData);
	Mat labelsMat(4, 1, CV_32SC1, labels);
	cout << "训练数据" << "\n" << "trainingDataMat" << "\n" << trainingDataMat << "\n" << "labelsMat" << "\n" << labelsMat << endl;

	//训练SVM
	Ptr<SVM> svm = SVM::create();
	svm->setType(SVM::C_SVC);
	svm->setKernel(SVM::LINEAR);
	svm->setTermCriteria(TermCriteria(TermCriteria::MAX_ITER, 100, 1e-6));
	//开始训练
	svm->train(trainingDataMat, ROW_SAMPLE, labelsMat);

	//可视化表示
	int width = 512, height = 512;
	Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);

	//显示由支持向量机给出的决策区域
	Vec3b green(0, 255, 0), blue(255, 0, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; j++)
		{
			Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1, 2) << j, i);
			float response = svm->predict(sampleMat);

			if (response == 1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
			else if (response == -1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
		}
	}
	//把训练数据在图片上进行显示
	int thickness = -1;
	//类别1,白色
	circle(image, Point(0, 50), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness);
	circle(image, Point(255, 40), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness);
	//类别-1,黑色
	circle(image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(0, 0, 0), thickness);
	circle(image, Point(10, 501), 5, Scalar(0, 0, 0), thickness);

	//显示支持相量,距离最短的
	thickness = 2;
	Mat sv = svm->getUncompressedSupportVectors();
	for (int i = 0; i < sv.rows; i++)
    {
        const float* v = sv.ptr<float>(i);
        circle(image,  Point( (int) v[0], (int) v[1]), 6, Scalar(0, 0, 255), thickness);
    }


	imshow("SVM", image);
	waitKey(0);
	destroyAllWindows();

	return 0;
}

多分类问题

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::ml;
using namespace std;


RNG rng(10);


//三分类问题

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	//设置训练数据
	int labels[6] = { 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 };
	float trainingData[6][2] = { {0, 50}, {255, 40}, {501, 255}, {10, 501},{100,350},{400,350} };
	Mat trainingDataMat(6, 2, CV_32F, trainingData);
	Mat labelsMat(6, 1, CV_32SC1, labels);
	cout << "训练数据" << "\n" << "trainingDataMat" << "\n" << trainingDataMat << "\n" << "labelsMat" << "\n" << labelsMat << endl;

	//训练SVM
	Ptr<SVM> svm = SVM::create();
	svm->setType(SVM::C_SVC);
	svm->setKernel(SVM::LINEAR);
	svm->setTermCriteria(TermCriteria(TermCriteria::MAX_ITER, 100, 1e-6));
	//开始训练
	svm->train(trainingDataMat, ROW_SAMPLE, labelsMat);

	//可视化表示
	int width = 512, height = 512;
	Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);

	//显示由支持向量机给出的决策区域
	Vec3b green(0, 255, 0), blue(255, 0, 0),red(0,0,255);
	for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; j++)
		{
			Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1, 2) << j, i);
			float response = svm->predict(sampleMat);

			if (response == 1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
			else if (response == 2)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
			else if (response == 3)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = red;
		}
	}
	//把训练数据在图片上进行显示
	int thickness = -1;
	//类别1,红色 背景绿色
	circle(image, Point(0, 50), 5, Scalar(0, 0, 255), thickness);
	circle(image, Point(255, 40), 5, Scalar(0, 0, 255), thickness);
	//类别2,绿色 背景蓝色
	circle(image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(0, 255, 0), thickness);
	circle(image, Point(10, 501), 5, Scalar(0, 255, 0), thickness);
	//类别3,蓝色 背景红色
	circle(image, Point(100, 350), 5, Scalar(0, 255, 0), thickness);
	circle(image, Point(400, 350), 5, Scalar(0, 255, 0), thickness);


	//显示支持相量,距离最短的
	thickness = 2;
	Mat sv = svm->getUncompressedSupportVectors();
	for (int i = 0; i < sv.rows; i++)
	{
		const float* v = sv.ptr<float>(i);
		circle(image, Point((int)v[0], (int)v[1]), 6, Scalar(255,2555,255), thickness);
	}


	imshow("SVM", image);
	waitKey(0);
	destroyAllWindows();

	return 0;
}

 

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