【pytest系列】- fixture测试夹具详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 22:27:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 22:27:39 发布

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文章标签： pytest python 压力测试软件测试自动化测试

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用域，每个测试用例都运行一次

🍉class：每个测试类只执行一次
🍉 module：每个模块只执行一次
🍉 package：每个python包只执行一次
🍉 session：整个会话只执行一次，即运行项目时整个过程只执行一次

优先级：session > package > module > class > function，优先级高的会在低的fixture之前先实例化。

相同作用域的fixture遵循函数中声明的先后顺序，并遵循fixture之间的依赖关系，如在fixture_A里面依赖的fixture_B优先实例化，然后再到fixture_A实例化

我们前面举例fixture的使用时都是使用的默认作用域，下面举例一下作用域为class的场景：

python

<span style="background-color:#282c34"><span style="color:#abb2bf"><span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 因为用于演示，因此测试夹具直接写在py文件中</em></span>
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> pytest
<span style="color:#f92672">from</span> selenium <span style="color:#f92672">import</span> webdriver


<span style="color:#61aeee">@pytest.fixture(scope=<span style="color:#3388aa">'class'</span>)</span>
<span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">my_fixture</span>():</span>
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""前置条件"""</span>
    <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"前置条件-启动浏览器"</span>)
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    <span style="color:#f92672">yield</span> driver
    driver.quit()
    <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"后置条件-关闭浏览器"</span>)


<span style="color:#f92672">class</span> <span style="color:#e6c07b">TestCase</span>:

    <span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_case01</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">self, my_fixture</span>):</span>    <span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 这里通过参数传入my_fixture函数，用例执行前会先去执行my_fixture</em></span>
        driver = my_fixture    <span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># my_fixture不需要加括号</em></span>
        driver.get(<span style="color:#98c379">'http://www.baidu.com'</span>)
        <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">'第一个用例'</span>)
        <span style="color:#f92672">assert</span> <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span> == <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>

    <span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_case02</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">self, my_fixture</span>):</span>    <span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 这里通过参数传入my_fixture函数，用例执行前会先去执行my_fixture</em></span>
        driver = my_fixture    <span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># my_fixture不需要加括号</em></span>
        driver.get(<span style="color:#98c379">'http://www.cnblogs.com/'</span>)
        <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">'第二个用例'</span>)
        <span style="color:#f92672">assert</span> <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span> == <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>


<span style="color:#f92672">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">'__main__'</span>:
    pytest.main([<span style="color:#98c379">'test.py'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'-s'</span>])</span></span>

运行结果如下，从运行结果可以看出，整个类只打开了一次浏览器。

shell

<span style="background-color:#282c34"><span style="color:#abb2bf">C:\software\python\python.exe D:/learn/test.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
rootdir: D:\learn
plugins: html-2.0.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test.py 前置条件-启动浏览器
第一个用例
.第二个用例
.后置条件-关闭浏览器


============================== 2 passed in 9.76s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0
</span></span>

前面也提到了fixture的另外一个参数autouse，当autouse=True时，用例会自动执行测试夹具，但无法获取fixture的返回值，如上示例返回的driver就无法传递给用例了。

如果你想让用例自动执行测试夹具且希望driver等参数可以返回给用例时，可以试一下在测试夹具中使用yield关键字返回值时把值存储到临时变量中，再让用例去取临时变量中的值，这里不作举例，以下是autouse=True的一个简单示例：（yield关键字在后面的章节会讲解）

python

<span style="background-color:#282c34"><span style="color:#abb2bf"><span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 因为用于演示，因此测试夹具直接写在py文件中</em></span>
<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> pytest
<span style="color:#f92672">from</span> selenium <span style="color:#f92672">import</span> webdriver


<span style="color:#61aeee">@pytest.fixture(scope=<span style="color:#3388aa">'class'</span>, autouse=<span style="color:#56b6c2">True</span>)	</span><span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 所有类自动执行该测试夹具</em></span>
<span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">my_fixture</span>():</span>
    <span style="color:#98c379">"""前置条件"""</span>
    <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"前置条件-启动浏览器"</span>)
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    <span style="color:#f92672">yield</span> driver
    driver.quit()
    <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">"后置条件-关闭浏览器"</span>)


<span style="color:#f92672">class</span> <span style="color:#e6c07b">TestCase</span>:

    <span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_case01</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">self</span>):</span>	<span style="color:#b18eb1"><em># 不需要传入测试夹具</em></span>
        <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">'第一个用例'</span>)
        <span style="color:#f92672">assert</span> <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span> == <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>

    <span style="color:#61aeee"><span style="color:#f92672">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">test_case02</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">self</span>):</span>
        <span style="color:#e6c07b">print</span>(<span style="color:#98c379">'第二个用例'</span>)
        <span style="color:#f92672">assert</span> <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span> == <span style="color:#d19a66">1</span>


<span style="color:#f92672">if</span> __name__ == <span style="color:#98c379">'__main__'</span>:
    pytest.main([<span style="color:#98c379">'test.py'</span>, <span style="color:#98c379">'-s'</span>])</span></span>