MVC设计模式:
Controller :负责接收并处理请求,响应客户端。
Model :模型数据,业务逻辑。
View :呈现模型,与用户进行交互。
MVC设计模式的交互:
SpringMVC:
目前最好的实现MVC设计模式的框架。
Spring框架的一个后续产品。
Spring框架的一个子模块,二者可以很好的结合使用,不需要整合。
SpringMVC的核心组件:
1.DispatcherServlet :前置控制器。
2.Handler :处理器,完成具体业务逻辑。
3.HandlerMapping :将请求映射到Handler。
4.HandlerInterceptor :处理器拦截器。
5.HandlerExecutionChain :处理器执行链。
6.HandlerAdapter :处理器适配器。
7.ModelAndView :装载模型数据和视图信息。
8.ViewResolver :视图解析器。
SpringMVC实现流程:
1.客户端请求被DispatcherServlet接收。
2.DispatcherServlet将请求映射到Handler(根据handlerMapping)。
3.生成Handler以及HandlerInterceptor。
4.返回HandlerExecutionChain ( Handler+ HandlerInterceptor )。
5.DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter执行Handler。
6.返回一个ModelAndView。
7.DispatcherServlet通过ViewResolver进行解析。
8.返回填充了模型数据的View ,响应给客户端。
核心组件交互流程图:
SpringMVC的入门案例:
注:此图片参杂了其他案例,只需要看我下面所写的.xml,.jsp,.java就行 。
1.不使用注解的方式:
web.xml:
<!--配置前端-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<!--初始化参数指定spring的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:ApplicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--设置前端控制器的启动优先级-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--指定前端控制器映射-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
pom.xml:
包含了之前案例的所有依赖,根据自己的需求复制,全部复制也不会有问题。
<dependencies>
<!--springmvc相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring核心架包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring aop相关的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.3.14.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.45</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl标签库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jsp标准标签库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
ApplicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--默认的映射器 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping-->
<bean name="/test" class="hander.MyHander"/>
<!--试图解析器 WEB-INF/jsp/show.jsp-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
hander包,MyHander:
package hander;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyHander implements Controller {
//处理请求
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//通过ModeAndView对象返回数据
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//封装model数据
modelAndView.addObject("name","张三");
//封装逻辑视图 /web-inf/show.jsp
modelAndView.setViewName("show");
return modelAndView;
}
}
show.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 抽根烟
Date: 2022/1/6
Time: 11:24
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>name:${name}</h1>
</body>
</html>
测试结果:
2.使用注解的方式:
web.xml:
将ApplicationContext.xml改成ApplicationContext2.xml,其它同上。
pom.xml:
同上。
ApplicationContext2.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="hander"></context:component-scan>
<!--试图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
hander包,OptionHandler:
package hander;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
public class OptionHandler {
//添加数据,返回到add页面
@RequestMapping(value = "/add")
public ModelAndView add(){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.setViewName("add");
modelAndView.addObject("info","添加页面");
return modelAndView;
}
//删除 返回值事务逻辑视图
@RequestMapping(value = "/delete")
public String delete(Model model){
model.addAttribute("info","删除页面");
return "delete";
}
//修改 返回逻辑视图 参数 map
@RequestMapping(value = "/update")
public String update(Map map){
map.put("info","修改页面");
return "update";
}
}
add.jsp:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 抽根烟
Date: 2022/1/6
Time: 12:13
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>info:${info}</h1>
</body>
</html>
测试结果:
delete.jsp,update.jsp:
delete.jsp和update.jsp中的代码都和add.jsp相同(<h1>info:${info}</h1>)
测试结果:
运行结果也都一样(info:删除页面/info:修改页面),只需将localhost:8080/add改成localhost:8080/delete或者localhost:8080/update就行。