设计模式-观察者模式

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已于 2024-06-06 23:08:47 修改

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文章标签：设计模式观察者模式

于 2024-06-06 23:07:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_55157621/article/details/139510281

版权

一:原理

1)Observer:接收输入

2)观察者模式:对象之间多对一依赖的一种设计方案,被依赖的对象为Subject,依赖的对象为 Observer,Subject通知Observer变化

二:案例(没有用观察者模式)

案例说明

不同接入方来气象站订阅天气变化

案例演示

接入方:

@Data
public class CurrentConditions {
    // 温度
    private float temperature;
    // 气压
    private float pressure;
    // 湿度
    private float humidity;

    // 更新天气情况,是由WeatherData来调用, 使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    // 显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("***Today temperature: " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today pressure: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today humidity: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}

气象站:

/**
 * 类是核心类
 * 1:包含最新的天气信息
 * 2:包含一个CurrentConditions对象
 * 3:当数据有更新时主动调用CurrentConditions对象的update()方法,接入方就看到最新的天气
 */
@Data
public class WeatherData {
    // 温度
    private float temperature;
    // 气压
    private float pressure;
    // 湿度
    private float humidity;

    private CurrentConditions currentConditions;

    public WeatherData(CurrentConditions currentConditions) {
        this.currentConditions = currentConditions;
    }


    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        // 将最新的信息,推送给接入方
        dataChange();
    }

    public void dataChange() {
        currentConditions.update(getTemperature(), getPressure(), getHumidity());
    }
}

客户端:

public class ClientTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建接入方
        CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(currentConditions);
        weatherData.setData(30, 150, 40);

        // 天气变化
        weatherData.setData(20, 130, 50);

    }
输出:
***Today temperature: 30.0***
***Today pressure: 150.0***
***Today humidity: 40.0***
***Today temperature: 20.0***
***Today pressure: 130.0***
***Today humidity: 50.0***

问题说明

1)无法在运行时动态的添加第三方
2)在WeatherData中,当增加一个第三方,都需要创建一个对应的第三方的公告板CurrentConditions 对象     加入到dataChange,不利于维护,也不是动态加入

三:观察者模式解决

// 接口,让WeatherData来实现
public interface Subject {
    public void registerObserver(Observer observer);
    public void removeObserver(Observer observer);
    public void notifyObserver();
}


/**
 * 类是核心类
 * 1:包含最新的天气信息
 * 2:含有观察者集合,使用list集合管理
 * 3:当数据有更新时主动调用list集合,通知所有接入方,就看到最新消息
 */
@Data
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    // 温度
    private float temperature;
    // 气压
    private float pressure;
    // 湿度
    private float humidity;

    private List<Observer> observerList;

    public WeatherData() {
        observerList = new ArrayList<>();
    }


    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        // 将最新的信息,推送给接入方
        dataChange();
    }

    public void dataChange() {
        notifyObserver();
    }

    // 注册一个观察者
    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
        observerList.add(observer);
    }

    // 移除一个观察者
    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
        if (observerList.contains(observer)) {
            observerList.remove(observer);
        }
    }

    // 遍历所有观察者,并通知
    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        for (Observer observer : observerList) {
            observer.update(this.temperature, this.pressure, this.humidity);
        }
    }
}

// 观察者接口,由观察者实现
public interface Observer {
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity);
}



@Data
public class BaiduCurrentConditions implements Observer {
    // 温度
    private float temperature;
    // 气压
    private float pressure;
    // 湿度
    private float humidity;

    // 更新天气情况,是由WeatherData来调用, 使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    // 显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("***Baidu Today temperature: " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***Baidu Today pressure: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***Baidu Today humidity: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}


@Data
public class NewCurrentConditions implements Observer {
    // 温度
    private float temperature;
    // 气压
    private float pressure;
    // 湿度
    private float humidity;

    // 更新天气情况,是由WeatherData来调用, 使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    // 显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("***Today temperature: " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today pressure: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today humidity: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}

public class NewClientTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建一个WeatherData
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
        // 创建观察者
        NewCurrentConditions currentConditions = new NewCurrentConditions();
        // 创建百度观察者
        BaiduCurrentConditions baiduCurrentConditions = new BaiduCurrentConditions();

        // 注册到WeatherData
        weatherData.registerObserver(currentConditions);
        weatherData.registerObserver(baiduCurrentConditions);

        // 天气变化
        weatherData.setData(30, 150, 40);
    }
}


输出:
***Today temperature: 30.0***
***Today pressure: 150.0***
***Today humidity: 40.0***
***Baidu Today temperature: 30.0***
***Baidu Today pressure: 150.0***
***Baidu Today humidity: 40.0***