首先了解什么是service(服务)?
service个人理解就是一个没有界面的activity,在你的手机后台去运行一些不用展示给用户的事件,比如:你把app明明已经退出了,但是任然有些app会给你弹出一些信息;这其实就是activity注销了,但是app的服务没有进行销毁;
这也只是作者本人简单的理解,因为并不是专门干app开发的,只是迫于无奈;-_-//
废话不多说上正片:
服务的两种形式:
直接启用和绑定启用
上案例:
第一件事在AndroidManifest.xml进行配置
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.ServiceDemo"
tools:targetApi="31" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".MyService"/>
</application>
然后做一个小demo:
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/button_1"
android:layout_width="170dp"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:text="开启服务"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button_2"
android:layout_width="170dp"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:text="停止服务"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button_1"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Button startService, stopService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
uiInit();
clickInit();
}
private void uiInit(){
startService = findViewById(R.id.button_1);
stopService = findViewById(R.id.button_2);
}
private void clickInit(){
startService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: startClick is Click");
Intent startIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
startService(startIntent);
}
});
stopService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: stopClick is click");
Intent stopIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent);
}
});
}
}
不要问为什么没有用onclick的接口,问就是懒^_^||
/**
* @Author zihaoWang
* @Data 2023/11/11 14:47
* @Other Write a comment, write a comment!!!
* be sure to write a comment and type log!!!
*/
public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: onCreate executed");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: is executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy: is executed");
}
}
这个时候就可以用log的方式去看服务运行的特点,当第一次打开app时然后点击开启服务就会有两个log:
一个就是onCreate:就是服务第一次使用的时候会被调用
另一个就是onStartCommand:在每次点击开启服务的button的时候就会调用一次;
记住:停止服务的按钮只能点一次,否则会出错,可以试试;
是不是很简单===但是越简单的东西就会有问题,不能进行通讯,要想进行通讯呢就要使用绑定服务喽👇👇👇
要使用绑定服务肯定就是想要进行通讯,那么先做点准备写一个demo
前面的什么.xml都不要动,使用修改MyService和MainActivity就行
/**
* @Author zihaoWang
* @Data 2023/11/11 14:47
* @Other Write a comment, write a comment!!!
* be sure to write a comment and type log!!!
*/
public class MyService extends Service {
private OtherThing thing = new OtherThing();
class OtherThing extends Binder{
public void start(){
Log.d(TAG, "start: start something executed");
}
public int getThing(){
Log.d(TAG, "getThing: get something executed");
return 0;
}
}
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: onCreate executed");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: is executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return thing;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy: is executed");
}
}
注意在onBind中的返回;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private MyService.OtherThing otherThing;
private Button startService, stopService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
uiInit();
clickInit();
}
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
//处理绑定成功的方法
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
if (iBinder instanceof MyService.OtherThing){
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected: is bind");
otherThing = (MyService.OtherThing) iBinder;
otherThing.start();
otherThing.getThing();
}
}
//处理绑定失败的方法
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: is not bind");
}
};
private void uiInit(){
startService = findViewById(R.id.button_1);
stopService = findViewById(R.id.button_2);
}
private void clickInit(){
startService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: startClick is Click");
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//开始绑定
}
});
stopService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Log.d(TAG, "onClick: stopClick is click");
unbindService(connection);
}
});
}
}
然后开始运行:
点击开启服务会有三个log:
然后一直点击开启服务都不会有log
停止服务的时候:
同样停止服务的时候只能点一次;