爬虫常用正则表达式-Re模块极速入门

查询re更多-----help(re)

‘.’：通配符，代表任意一个字符，除\n以外，一个点一个字符

ret=re.findall('m...e',"cat and mouse")
ret

['mouse']

‘*’：重复匹配，允许*之前的一个字符重复多次

ret=re.findall('ca*t',"caaaaat and mouse")
ret

['caaaaat']

‘?’：重复匹配，但是?之前的字符只能重复0次或一次

ret1=re.findall('ca?t',"cat and mouse")
ret1

['cat']

ret2=re.findall('ca?t',"caaaaat and mouse")
ret2  #匹配未成功

[]

‘+’：重复匹配，+之前的字符至少是1次，不能是0次

ret=re.findall('ca+t',"caaaaat and mouse")
ret 

['caaaaat']

‘{}’：重复匹配，括号内自定义匹配次数，可以是具体的值，也可以是区间

ret1=re.findall('ca{5}t',"caaaaat and mouse")
ret1

['caaaaat']

ret2=re.findall('ca{1,5}t',"caaat and mouse")
ret2

['caaat']

‘[]’：定义匹配的字符范围，[a-zA-Z0-9]表示相应位置的字符要匹配英文符和数字，’-'表示范围

ret=re.findall('[0-9]{1,5}',"12 cats 456 and 6 mice")
ret 

['12', '456', '6']

ret=re.findall('[0-9]{1}',"12 cats 456 and 6 mice")
ret 

['1', '2', '4', '5', '6', '6']

‘^’：必须从字符串起始的位置开始匹配，不考虑后续字符串中是否存在

ret=re.findall('^m...e',"cat and mouse")
ret

[]

ret=re.findall('^c.....d',"cat and mouse")
ret

['cat and']

ret=re.findall('^c.t',"cat and mouse")
ret

['cat']

‘$’：从字符串终止的位置开始匹配

ret=re.findall('a.......e$',"cat and mouse")
ret

['and mouse']

‘|’：两个模式进行或匹配

ret=re.findall('cat|mouse',"cat and mouse")
ret

['cat', 'mouse']

‘\’：转义字符，如果字符串中有特殊字符需要匹配，就需要进行转义，如：. * ? + $ ^ [] {} | \ -

ret=re.findall('\^c.t',"^cat and mouse")
ret

['^cat']

ret=re.findall('\[...\]',"^cat [and] mouse")
ret

['[and]']

实战案例

s='''<div class="index-module_topbarLogo_2IqfR"><a href="https://www.baidu.com"><img src="https://mbdp01.bdstatic.com/static/landing-pc/img/logo_top.79fdb8c2.png" alt="到百度首页" title="到百度首页"></a></div>'''
re.findall("https://[a-zA-Z0-9/\.\-]*",s)

['https://www.baidu.com',
 'https://mbdp01.bdstatic.com/static/landing-pc/img/logo']