Python基础---列表的增删改查

Python基础—列

目录

一.列表的操作

二.定义一个列表

2.1访问列表中的元素

三.列表的切片

四.列表的追加

五.列表的插入

六.列表的修改

七.列表的删除

八.列表的扩展

九.列表的统计

十.列表的排序&翻转

十一.获取列表的下标

一.列表的操作：
列表是我们常用的数据类型之一，通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的储存，修改等操作。
二.定义一个列表：

name = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]

每个元素对应下标都是从0开始，例如：

“zhangsan"对应的下标为"0”
“lisi"对应的下标为"1”
“wangwu"对应的下标为"2”

2.1访问列表中的元素：

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]
>names[0]
'zhangsan'
>names[1]
'lisi'
>names[2]
'wangwu'

三.列表的切片：
切片顾名思义：通过指定下标的方式来获得某一个数据元素，或者通过指定下标范围来获得一组序列的元素，这种访问序列的方式叫做切片。

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>print(names[0:2])#取下标0至2之间的元素，包括0，但不包括2
['zhangsan','lisi']
>>>print(names[:2])#如果从头开始取，0可以省略，输出结果与上句一样
['zhangsan','lisi']
>>>print(names[1:-1])#去下标1到-1的值，但不包括-1
['lisi','wangwu']
>>>print(names[1:])#如果想取到最后一个值，后面不能写-1，必须空着
['lisi','wangwu','zhaoliu']
>>>print(names[0::2])#后面的2代表，每隔一元素，就去一个
['zhangsan','wangwu']

四.列表的追加：
追加：顾名思义就是在原有的列表中增添新的元素。

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>names.append("会飞的小强")
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","会飞的小强"]

五.列表的插入：
插入：在列表中插入新的元素。
注意：插入与追加的不同，追加只能在元素的后面添加新的元素，而插入可以指定位置添加新的元素。

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>names.insert(1,"我要强行加入")#在下标为1的元素中插入
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","我要强行加入","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>names.insert(3,"我从中间插入试试")
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","我要强行加入","lisi","我从中间插入试试","wangwu","zhaoliu"]

六.列表的修改
修改：在列表原有的元素上修改元素

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>names[1]="我换名字啦"#通过下标获取1元素修改
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","我换名字啦","wangwu","zhaoliu"]

七.列表的删除

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>del names[1] #删除下标1的元素
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>names.pop() #删除列表的最后一个元素
>>>print(names)
["zhangsan","wangwu"]
>>>names.remove("zhangsan")#删除指定元素
>>>print(names)
["wangwu"]

八.列表的扩展
扩展：在列表中增加新的列表

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
>>>a=['a','x','c','a']
>>>names.extend(a)
>>>print(names)
['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'a', 'x', 'c', 'a']

九.列表的统计
统计：统计列表中元素出现的次数

>>>names=["lisi","zhangsan","zhangsan","wangwu"]
>>>print(names.count("zhangsan"))
2

十.列表的排序&翻转

>>>names=["喜洋洋","灰太狼","喜洋洋","红太狼","喜洋洋","1","2","1"]
>>>names.sort()#排序
>>>print(names)
['1', '1', '2', '喜洋洋', '喜洋洋', '喜洋洋', '灰太狼', '红太狼']
>>>names.reverse()#反转
>print(names)
['红太狼', '灰太狼', '喜洋洋', '喜洋洋', '喜洋洋', '2', '1', '1']

十一.获取列表的下标

>>>names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]
>>>names.index("lisi")#获取lisi的下标
1