折线图Chart
在这里,虽然不是以通用程序为目标,但稍微变更一下就可以用于其他用途。因此,作为图表的绘制区域,左下方的原点坐标为(0.0,0.0),右上角的坐标为(1.0,1.0)进行正规化。但是,这是X、Y的值是非负值的情况,处理负值时,原点的位置会移动。
Chart01.c
// 折线图
// tcc chart01.c ../lib/winlib.o
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
enum MARGIN { LEFT = 50, TOP = 26, RIGHT = 70, BOTTOM = 24 };
RECT rect; // 窗口客户端区域
int width, height; // 图形绘制区域的宽度和高度
double* data;
int nData;
struct tm tmBgn; // 开始日期
double vMax = 1000.0;
double vMin = 0.0;
int nx(double x) { return (int)(rect.left + LEFT + x*width + 0.5); }
int ny(double y) { return (int)(rect.top + TOP + (1.0-y)*height + 0.5); }
int yVal(double v){ return ny((v - vMin)/(vMax - vMin)); }
HWND crWindow(HINSTANCE, LPSTR, WNDPROC, int, int, int, int);
void setData(HWND hWnd) {
char path[256], buf[256];
time_t t, timeNow = time(NULL);
int n;
memset(&tmBgn, 0, sizeof(tmBgn)); // 零清除
tmBgn.tm_year = 2011 - 1900; // 2011年
tmBgn.tm_mon = 9 - 1; // 9月
tmBgn.tm_mday = 4; // 4日(周日)
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
nData = (timeNow - t)/(24*60*60);
data = (double*)calloc(nData, sizeof(double));
for (n = 0; n < nData; n++) {
struct stat buf;
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
wsprintf(path, "c:/Temp/www-access-log/access%d%02d%02d.txt",
tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
stat(path, &buf);
data[n] = (double)buf.st_size/1000.0;
t += 24 * 60 * 60;
}
}
void paint(HWND hwnd){
int n;
double x, y, xLast, yLast;
char buf[32];
RECT rc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
time_t t;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
width = (rect.right - rect.left) - LEFT - RIGHT;
height = (rect.bottom - rect.top) - TOP - BOTTOM;
SetRect(&rc, nx(0.0), 0, nx(1.0), ny(1.0));
DrawText(hdc, "访问日志文件大小(KB)", -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++) { // Y轴
y = (double)n / 5;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(0.0), ny(y), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(1.0)+6, ny(y));
sprintf(buf, "%d", n*1000/5);
SetRect(&rc, nx(1.0), ny(y)-10, nx(1.0)+60, ny(y)+10);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
}
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
for (n = 0; n < nData; n+=7) { // X轴
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(x), ny(0.0), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), ny(1.0));
SetRect(&rc, nx(x)-50, ny(0), nx(x)+50, ny(0)+24);
wsprintf(buf, "%d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
t += 7 * 24 * 60 * 60;
}
xLast = 0.5 / nData;
yLast = yVal(data[0]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), yLast, NULL);
for (n = 1; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
y = yVal(data[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_PAINT: paint(hwnd); break;
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break;
default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
HWND hWnd = crWindow(hInstance, TEXT("Chart"), WindowProc, 10, 10, 800, 300);
if (!hWnd) return FALSE;
SetWindowText(hWnd, TEXT("Chart01"));
setData(hWnd);
return msgLoop();
}
这个项目的实施结果如下图所示。
在访问量的推移图中追加移动平均。
在前节的图表中,追加7天移动平均的程序如下所示。
Chart02.c
// 折线图。 在chart01.c添加移动平均值。
// tcc chart02.c ../lib/winlib.o
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
enum MARGIN { LEFT = 50, TOP = 26, RIGHT = 70, BOTTOM = 24 };
RECT rect; // 窗口客户端区域
int width, height; // 图形绘制区域的宽度和高度
double* data;
double* mvavg; // 移动平均(7天)数据
int nData;
struct tm tmBgn; // 开始日期
double vMax = 1000.0;
double vMin = 0.0;
int nx(double x) { return (int)(rect.left + LEFT + x*width + 0.5); }
int ny(double y) { return (int)(rect.top + TOP + (1.0-y)*height + 0.5); }
int yVal(double v){ return ny((v - vMin)/(vMax - vMin)); }
HWND crWindow(HINSTANCE, LPSTR, WNDPROC, int, int, int, int);
void setData(HWND hWnd) {
double sum; // 移动平均
char path[256], buf[256];
time_t t, timeNow = time(NULL);
int n;
memset(&tmBgn, 0, sizeof(tmBgn)); // 零清除
tmBgn.tm_year = 2011 - 1900; // 2011年
tmBgn.tm_mon = 9 - 1; // 9月
tmBgn.tm_mday = 4; // 4日(周日)
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
nData = (timeNow - t)/(24*60*60);
data = (double*)calloc(nData, sizeof(double));
mvavg = (double*)calloc(nData, sizeof(double));
sum = 0.0;
for (n = 0; n < nData; n++) {
struct stat buf;
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
wsprintf(path, "c:/Temp/www-access-log/access%d%02d%02d.txt",
tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
stat(path, &buf);
data[n] = (double)buf.st_size/1000.0;
t += 24 * 60 * 60;
sum += data[n];
if (n >= 7) sum -= data[n-7];
mvavg[n] = sum / 7;
}
}
void paint(HWND hwnd){
int n;
double x, y, xLast, yLast;
char buf[32];
RECT rc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
time_t t;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
width = (rect.right - rect.left) - LEFT - RIGHT;
height = (rect.bottom - rect.top) - TOP - BOTTOM;
SetRect(&rc, nx(0.0), 0, nx(1.0), ny(1.0));
DrawText(hdc, "访问日志文件大小(KB)", -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++) { // Y轴
y = (double)n / 5;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(0.0), ny(y), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(1.0)+6, ny(y));
sprintf(buf, "%d", n*1000/5);
SetRect(&rc, nx(1.0), ny(y)-10, nx(1.0)+60, ny(y)+10);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
}
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
for (n = 0; n < nData; n+=7) { // X轴
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(x), ny(0.0), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), ny(1.0));
SetRect(&rc, nx(x)-50, ny(0), nx(x)+50, ny(0)+24);
wsprintf(buf, "%d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
t += 7 * 24 * 60 * 60;
}
xLast = 0.5 / nData;
yLast = yVal(data[0]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), yLast, NULL);
for (n = 1; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
y = yVal(data[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
// 绘制移动平均图
hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, 0xFF); // RED
hOldPen = SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
xLast = 6.5 / nData;
yLast = yVal(mvavg[6]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), yLast, NULL);
for (n = 7; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
y = yVal(mvavg[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_PAINT: paint(hwnd); break;
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break;
default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
HWND hWnd = crWindow(hInstance, TEXT("Chart"), WindowProc, 10, 10, 800, 300);
if (!hWnd) return FALSE;
SetWindowText(hWnd, TEXT("Chart02"));
setData(hWnd);
return msgLoop();
}
这个项目的实施结果如下图所示。
求7天的移动平均(红色)的话,根据星期的变动会被吸收,变成非常光滑的折线图。
单对数图
当Y轴的数值波动很大时,只把Y轴做成对数的单对数图(下图)是有效的。
节目如下所示。drawLogGraph函数是单对数图的绘图函数,是drawLinearGraph函数之前显示的线性(比例)刻度图的绘图函数。
Graph01.c
// 折线图。
// mcc -shared graph01.c
#include <windows.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#define LEFT 60
#define TOP 26
#define RIGHT 70
#define BOTTOM 30
RECT rect; // 窗口客户端区域
int width, height; // 图形绘制区域的宽度和高度
double* data;
double* mvavg; // 移动平均(7天)数据
int nData;
struct tm tmBgn; // 开始日期
double vMax;
double vMin;
void *null = 0;
int nx(double x) { return (int)(rect.left + LEFT + x*width + 0.5); }
int ny(double y) { return (int)(rect.top + TOP + (1.0-y)*height + 0.5); }
double yVal(double v){
return (double)ny((log10(v) - log10(vMin))/(log10(vMax) - log10(vMin)));
}
EXPORT void setData() {
double sum; // 移动平均
char path[256], buf[256];
time_t t, timeNow = time(NULL);
int n;
int factor;
memset(&tmBgn, 0, sizeof(tmBgn)); // 零清除
tmBgn.tm_year = 2011 - 1900; // 2011年
tmBgn.tm_mon = 9 - 1; // 9月
tmBgn.tm_mday = 1; // 1天
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
nData = (timeNow - t)/(24*60*60);
data = calloc(nData, sizeof(double));
mvavg = calloc(nData, sizeof(double));
sum = 0.0;
for (n = 0; n < nData; n++) {
struct _stat buf;
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
wsprintf(path, "c:/Temp/www-access-log/access%d%02d%02d.txt",
tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
_stat(path, &buf);
data[n] = (double)buf.st_size/1000.0;
if (data[n] == 0) break;
if (n == 0) {
vMax = data[n];
vMin = data[n];
} else {
if (data[n] > vMax) vMax = data[n];
if (data[n] < vMin) vMin = data[n];
}
t += 24 * 60 * 60;
sum += data[n];
if (n >= 7) sum -= data[n-7];
mvavg[n] = sum / 7; // 7天的移动平均
}
nData = n;
vMin = pow(10.0, floor(log10(vMin < 1.0 ? 1.0 : vMin)));
vMax = pow(10.0, ceil(log10(vMax)));
}
// 纵轴(日志大小)为对数大小(片对数图)
EXPORT void drawLogGraph(HWND hwnd) {
int n, k, nY;
double x, y, xLast, yLast, yBase;
char buf[256];
RECT rc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
time_t t;
int DAYS = 30;
int NY = (int)(log10(vMax) - log10(vMin));
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
width = (rect.right - rect.left) - LEFT - RIGHT;
height = (rect.bottom - rect.top) - TOP - BOTTOM;
SetRect(&rc, nx(0.0), 0, nx(1.0), ny(1.0));
DrawText(hdc, "访问日志文件大小(KB)",
-1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
for (n = 0; n <= NY; n++) { // Y轴
y = (double)n / NY;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(0.0), ny(y), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(1.0)+6, ny(y));
sprintf(buf, "%.0f", vMin*pow(10.0, (double)n));
SetRect(&rc, nx(1.0), ny(y)-10, nx(1.0)+70, ny(y)+10);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
}
// Y轴方向辅助划线
hPen = CreatePen(PS_DOT, 1, 0x808080);
hOldPen = SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
nY = (int)vMin;
for (n = 0; n < NY; n++) { // Y轴
yBase = vMin * pow(10.0, (double)n);
for (k = 2; k < 10; k++) {
y = yBase * k;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(0.0), (int)yVal(y), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(1.0)+6, (int)yVal(y));
}
}
SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
for (n = 0; n < nData; n++) { // X轴
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
if (tm->tm_mday == 1) {
x = (double)n / nData;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(x), ny(0.0), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), ny(1.0));
SetRect(&rc, nx(x)-60, ny(0.0), nx(x)+60, ny(0.0)+24);
wsprintf(buf, "%d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
}
t += 24 * 60 * 60;
}
xLast = 0.0;
yLast = yVal(data[0]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), (int)yLast, null);
for (n = 1; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (double)n / nData;
y = yVal(data[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), (int)y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
// 绘制移动平均图
hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, 0xFF); // RED
hOldPen = SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
xLast = 6.0 / nData;
yLast = yVal(mvavg[6]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), (int)yLast, null);
for (n = 7; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (double)n / nData;
y = yVal(mvavg[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), (int)y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
EXPORT void drawLinearGraph(HWND hwnd) {
int n;
double x, y, xLast, yLast;
char buf[32];
RECT rc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
time_t t;
int DAYS = 30;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
width = (rect.right - rect.left) - LEFT - RIGHT;
height = (rect.bottom - rect.top) - TOP - BOTTOM;
SetRect(&rc, nx(0.0), 0, nx(1.0), ny(1.0));
DrawText(hdc, "访问日志文件大小(KB)",
-1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++) { // Y轴
y = (double)n / 5;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(0.0), ny(y), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(1.0)+6, ny(y));
sprintf(buf, "%.0f", n*vMax/5);
SetRect(&rc, nx(1.0), ny(y)-10, nx(1.0)+60, ny(y)+10);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
}
t = mktime(&tmBgn);
for (n = 0; n < nData; n+=DAYS) { // X轴
struct tm *tm = localtime(&t);
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(x), ny(0.0), NULL);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), ny(1.0));
SetRect(&rc, nx(x)-60, ny(0.0), nx(x)+60, ny(0.0)+24);
wsprintf(buf, "%d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year+1900, tm->tm_mon+1, tm->tm_mday);
DrawText(hdc, buf, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
t += DAYS * 24 * 60 * 60;
}
xLast = 0.5 / nData;
yLast = yVal(data[0]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), (int)yLast, null);
for (n = 1; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
y = yVal(data[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), (int)y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
// 绘制移动平均图
hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, 0xFF); // RED
hOldPen = SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
xLast = 6.5 / nData;
yLast = yVal(mvavg[6]);
MoveToEx(hdc, nx(xLast), (int)yLast, null);
for (n = 7; n < nData; n++) { // 折线图
x = (n + 0.5) / nData;
y = yVal(mvavg[n]);
LineTo(hdc, nx(x), (int)y);
xLast = x;
yLast = y;
}
SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
DeleteObject(hPen);
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}