OSPF之高级配置

如何理解路由重分发

一个单一IP路由协议是管理网络中IP路由的首选方案

• 能执行多个路由协议，每一个路由协议和该路由协议所服务的网络属于同一个自治系统
• 使用路由重分发特性以交换由不同协议创建的路由信息

路由重分发的考虑

1. 度量值
2. 管理距离–优先级

OSPF路由重分发配置命令

[R1] rip 1
配置rip
[R1-rip-1] version 2
[R1-rip-1] undo summary
[R1-rip-1] network 11.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1] import-route ospf 1 cost 3
把ospf协议注入到rip进行路由重分发，路径类型缺省为路径类型2（外部开销），成本开销为3(对于rip的度量值是跳数)，rip中重分发ospf要指定cost的值 1,进程1
[R1-rip-1] ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1] import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 1
把外部rip协议注入到oSPF进行路由重分发，使用路径类型1（内部开销+外部开销），成本开销为1(COST=100M/Bm)

[r1-ospf-1] default-route-advertise always ospf重分发默认路由
[r2-ospf-1] import-route direct ospf重分发直连路由
[r2-ospf-1] import-route static ospf重分发静态路由

default- route originate rip里需要加入这个

实例配图

步骤：

AR1

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sys r1

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32   ###添加回环地址
[r1-LoopBack0]q

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2   ###配置静态路由
[r1]

AR2

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.2 24   ###配置端口IP
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in loo 0
[r2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[r2-LoopBack0]q

[r2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.10.1   ###配置静态路由
[r2]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]ar	
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255   ###宣告网段（注意用反掩码）
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r2-ospf-1]q                        

AR3

[Huawei]un in en 
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sys r3
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.20.3 24 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.30.3 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.40.3 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[r3-LoopBack0]q

[r3]os	
[r3]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]ar 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-1]ar 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255   ###宣告网段（注意要进入不同的area区）
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]q

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.5   ###配置默认路由

[r3]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]import-route direct 	
[r3-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always 

AR4

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]un in en
[Huawei]sys r4
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.4 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.50.4 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[r4-LoopBack0]q

[r4]ospf
[r4-ospf-1]ar 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-1]q
[r4]rip   ###进入rip 1
[r4-rip-1]v 2
[r4-rip-1]un su
[r4-rip-1]net 192.168.50.0   ###宣告网段（不加掩码）
[r4-rip-1]q

[r4]rip
[r4-rip-1]im	

[r4-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 cost 3   ###注入OSPF协议到RIP
[r4-rip-1]default-route originate 
[r4-rip-1]q

[r4]ospf 1
[r4-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 1   ###注入RIP协议到OSPF
[r4-ospf-1]q

AR5

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]un in en
[Huawei]sys r5
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.40.5 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[r5-LoopBack0]q
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.3   ###配置默认路由

AR6

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]un in en
[Huawei]sys r6
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.50.6 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[r6-LoopBack0]q
[r6]rip
[r6-rip-1]v 2
[r6-rip-1]un su
[r6-rip-1]net 192.168.50.0
[r6-rip-1]net 6.0.0.0
[r6-rip-1]q
[r6]

验证

[r6]ping -a 6.6.6.6 1.1.1.1
  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=30 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=40 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=30 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=30 ms
    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=40 ms

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/34/40 ms

OSPF地址汇总的作用

• 地址汇总也是通过减少泛洪的LSA数量节省资源
• 可以通过屏蔽一些网络不稳定的细节来节省资源
• 减少路由表中的路由条目