数组定义以及排序的算法
文章目录
一、定义数组
- 方法一：
数组名=（value0 value1 value2 …）
- 方法二：
数组名=（[0]=value [1]=value [2]=value …)
- 方法三：
列表名=“value0 value1 value2 …”
数组名=（$列表名）
- 方法四：
数组名[0]=“value”
数组名[1]=“value”
数组名[2]="value"
二、数组的数据类型
- 字符类型（字符串）：使用" "或’ '定义
- 防止元素当中有空格，元素按空格分割
三、获取数组长度
abc=(1 2 3 4 5)
#定义数组
echo KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 80: …n punctuation">#̲</span><span cl…(#abc[@]）
#获取数组长度
1.读取某索引复制
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo ${ zxc[0]}
echo ${ zxc[3]}
2.遍历数组
#!/bin/bash
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
for q in
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">*</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">do</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenbrackets"><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">∗</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span></span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">do</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">q
done
3.数组切片
arry=(1 2 3 4 5 )
echo ${zxc[*]}
echo ${zxc[@]}
#输出整个数组，此处*与@相同
echo KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 468: …n punctuation">#̲</span><span cl…{
数组名[@或*]:始位置:长度} 的值
echo
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">@</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token variable">:</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token variable">:</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenbrackets"><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">@</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">:</span><spanclass="tokennumber">2</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">:</span><spanclass="tokennumber">2</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
zxc[@]:3:3}
4.替换数组
- 方法一：单个替换
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo ${zxc[*]}
zxc[0]=123
echo ${ zxc[*]}
- 方法二：多个替换（临时替换）
echo ${zxc[*]/1/22}
#临时替换
echo ${zxc[*]}
#原来的值不变
- 方法三：多个替换（永久替换）
zxc=${zxc[*]/1/22}
zxc=($zxc)
#再次赋值变量，以达到永久替换的作用
echo ${ zxc[*]}
5.删除数组
echo ${zxc[*]}
unset zxc
#删除整个数组
echo ${ zxc[*]}
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo ${zxc[*]}
unset zxc[]
#删除数组中选择索引对应的元素
echo ${
zxc[*]}
echo
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">4</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
zxc[3]}
echo ${
zxc[2]}
6.追加元素
- 方法一：单个添加
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo ${zxc[*]}
arr[5]=6
arr[6]=7
echo ${
zxc[*]}
- 方法二：
在不进行任何删减时，索引最大值就是元素长度减一
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
zxc[${#zxc[*]}]=10
echo < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > < ! − − − − > < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > z x c < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n b r a c k e t s " > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > [ < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > ∗ < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > ] < / s p a n > < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > e c h o < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > </span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">*</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable"> </span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenbrackets"><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">∗</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span></span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{ zxc[5]}
- 方法三：
直接获取源数组的全部元素再加上新要添加的元素，一并重新赋予该数组，重新刷新定义索引
zxc=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo ${zxc[*]}
unset zxc[1]
unset zxc[3]
echo ${
zxc[*]}
echo
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</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">0</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">4</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
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echo ${
zxc[3]}
zxc=("
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">0</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
zxc[1]}
echo
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">2</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
zxc[3]}
echo
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</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"><!−−−−></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">zxc</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">[</span><spanclass="tokennumber">4</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">]</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation"></span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{
zxc[5]}
#注意：
#双引号不能省略，否则数组中存在包含空格的元素时会按空格将元素拆分成多个
#不能将“@”替换为“”，如果替换为“”，不加双引号时与“@”的表现一致，加双引号时，会将数组中的所有元素作为一个元素添加到数组中
- 方法四：待添加元素必须用“()”包围起来，并且多个元素用空格分隔
zxc+=(10 11 12 ...)
echo ${zxc[*]}
四、向函数传数组参数
#!/bin/bash
test() {
newzxc=(
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</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">@))
echo
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</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token variable">
</span><spanclass="tokennumber">1</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">2
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</span><span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token variable">
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新
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</span><span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token string">"新数组的值为:
</span><spanclass="tokennumber">5</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">echo</span><spanclass="tokenstring">"新数组的值为:{newzxc[*]}"
}
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token variable">echo</span> <span class="token string">"原始数组的值为:${zxc[*]}"</span>
<span class="token variable">test</span> <span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">*</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
五、数组排序算法
1.冒泡排序
- 类似气泡上涌的动作，会将数据在数组中从小到大或者从大到小不断的向前移动
- 基本思想：
冒泡排序的基本思想是对比相邻的两个元素值，如果满足条件就交换元素值，把较小的元素移动到数组前面，把大的元素移动到数组后面（也就是交换两个元素的位置），这样较小的元素就像气泡一样从底部上升到顶部 - 算法思路：
冒泡算法由双层循环实现，其中外部循环用于控制排序轮数，一般为要排序的数组长度减1次，因为最后一次循环只剩下一个数组元素，不需要对比，同时数组已经完成排序了。而内部循环主要用于对比数组中每个相邻元素的大小，以确定是否交换位置，对比和交换次数随排序轮数而减少
#!/bin/bash
zxc=(50 30 20 10 40)
echo “原数组的元素顺序为：${zxc[*]}”
for ((i=1;i<KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '#' at position 88: …n punctuation">#̲</span><span cl…{
#zxc[*]}-i;a++))
do
<span class="token variable">if</span> <span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable"> ${zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token variable">-gt</span> <span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">then</span>
<span class="token variable">temp</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$temp</span>
<span class="token variable">fi</span>
<span class="token variable">done</span>
done
echo “经过冒泡排序后，数组顺序为：${zxc[*]}”
2.直接选择排序
- 与冒泡排序相比，直接选择排序的交换次数更少，所以速度更快
- 基本思想：将指定排序位置与其他数组元素分别对比，如果满足条件就交换元素值，注意这里区别冒泡排序，不是交换相邻元素，而是把满足条件的元素与指定的排序位置交换（如从最后一个元素开始排序），这样排序好的位置逐渐扩大，最后整个数组都成为已排序好的格式
#!/bin/bash
zxc=(30 50 20 10 40)
echo “原数组元素顺序为:${zxc[*]}”
long=${ #zxc[*]}
for ((i=1;i<KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 755: …n punctuation">&̲lt;</span><span…long-$i;a++))
do
if [ KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …oken variable">a]} -gt KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …oken variable">index]} ];then
index=$a
fi
<span class="token variable">last</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$long-$i</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span>
<span class="token variable">temp</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$last</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$last</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$index</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$index</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$temp</span>
<span class="token variable">done</span>
done
echo “经过直接排序后数组元素顺序为：${zxc[*]}”
3.反转排序
- 以相反的顺序把原有数组的内容重新排序
- 基本思想：把数组最后一个元素与第一个元素替换。倒数第二个元素与第二个元素替换，以此类推，直到把所有的数组元素反转替换完
#!/bin/bash
zxc=(10 20 30 40 50)
echo “现在的数组元素顺序为:${zxc[*]}”
long=${ #zxc[*]}
for ((i=0;i< l o n g < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > / < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n n u m b e r " > 2 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > ; < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > i < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > + < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > + < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > ) < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > ) < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > d o < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > t e m p < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > = < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > long</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">i</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token variable">do</span> <span class="token variable">temp</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable"> long</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">/</span><spanclass="tokennumber">2</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">;</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">i</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">+</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">+</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">do</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">temp</span><spanclass="tokenpunctuation">=</span><spanclass="tokenvariable">{ array[$i]}
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token brackets"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$i</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$long-$i-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token variable">zxc</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token variable">$long-$i-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token variable">$temp</span>
done
echo “反转后顺序为:${zxc[*]}”
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