STM32 单片机 按键状态机

在开发板中我们经常需要使用到按键，当按下不同按键时，需要得到不同的结果；按键的状态又分为短按、长按、单击、双击，在这里我只设计了短按、长按、不按的状态。

其中最重要的就是使用到了Switch case 语句，多分支选择，不同case对应不同按键状态

首先定义一下按键的.h文件定义结构体：

KEY.H

#ifndef _KEY_H_
#define _KEY_H_
#include "main.h"

typedef struct{
	bool gpio;
	uint8_t state;
	char kind;
	uint16_t count;
}KEY;
extern KEY key[4];

void key_init(void);
void key_interrupt(void);
void key_while(void);
#endif

定义了一个KEY结构体，结构体成员gpio用来存放四个按键的电平状态；state用来存放四个按键的按下或未按下的状态，用来状态机选择case；kind是字符类型，用来标识四个按键的类型‘n’表示未按下，‘s’表示短按，‘l’表示长按；count用于判断长按还是短按的时间计数。

KEY.c

#include "main.h"
#include "Display.h"
KEY key[4];
void key_init(void)//按键的结构体的初始化
{
	key[0].gpio=1,key[0].state=0,key[0].kind='n',key[0].count=0;
	key[1].gpio=1,key[1].state=0,key[1].kind='n',key[1].count=0;
	key[2].gpio=1,key[2].state=0,key[2].kind='n',key[2].count=0;
	key[3].gpio=1,key[3].state=0,key[3].kind='n',key[3].count=0;
}//key[i].gpio = 1表示按键未按下的正常状态

/*在key.h中定义了一个结构体，包含gpio用来判断引脚电平、state用来状态机选择case
kind用来判断按键长按还是短按、count用来判断长按的时间计数
*/
void key_interrupt(void)
{
	key[0].gpio=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
	key[1].gpio=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
	key[2].gpio=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
	key[3].gpio=HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<4;++i)
		switch(key[i].state){
			case 0:
				if(key[i].gpio==0) key[i].state=1;
				else key[i].state=0;
				break;
			case 1:
				if(key[i].gpio==1){  //松手
					if(key[i].count<100) key[i].kind='s';
					else if(key[i].count>=100) key[i].kind='l';
					key[i].state=0;
					key[i].count=0;
				}
				else key[i].count++;
				break;
			default: break;
		}		
}

/* 开启一个通用定时器TIM4用于进行定时计数，预分频系数设定为80-1，AutoReload Register（ARR）
自动重装载系数为10000-1；定时器时钟频率为80MHZ，通过计算定时时间为0.01s即10ms，即每10ms进入一次TIM回调函数运行一次key_interrupt()，count计数值大于100即判定为长按，那么100*0.01s = 1s；长按超过1s就是长按。
*/
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	if(htim->Instance==TIM4)
	{
		key_interrupt();
	}
}

/* 
按键状态循环函数，用于接收按键按下的标识状态后做出后续的动作，key_while()放在主循环中
*/
void key_while(void)
{
	if(key[0].kind=='s')
	{
        //当按键1短按时，相对应的代码操作是什么
		
		key[0].kind='n';
	}
	if(key[1].kind=='s')
	{
		//当按键2短按时，相对应的代码操作是什么
		key[1].kind='n';
	}
	if(key[2].kind=='s')
	{
	    //当按键3短按时，相对应的代码操作是什么
		key[2].kind='n';
	}
	if(key[3].kind=='s')
	{
	    //当按键4短按时，相对应的代码操作是什么
		key[3].kind='n';
	}
	if(key[2].kind=='l')
	{
	    //当按键3长按时，相对应的代码操作是什么
		key[2].kind='n';
	}
//后续的操作类似
}

其中的TIM4除了可以用于计时判断按键长按还是短按外，还有一个重要的用途是用于按键的消抖处理，计时10ms正好用来按键按下和按后的消抖处理，保证按键不会因为弹片的抖动而影响按键状态的判定

主函数main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	if(htim == &htim2)
	{

	}
	if(htim == &htim3)
	{

	}
}
/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  MX_TIM17_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim4);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim17);
	HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
	HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
	LED_Init();
	LED_Ctrl(led|=0x01); //点亮led1
	key_init();
	LCD_Init();
	LCD_Clear(Black);
	LCD_SetTextColor(White);
	LCD_SetBackColor(Black);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		key_while();//把按键循环检测放在主循环中不断循环检测按键状态
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/