Android连接蓝牙实例

Android连接蓝牙流程(完整代码在末尾)
  1. 声明权限
1)AndroidManifest 清单文件中声明权限(注意:搜索蓝牙需要获取位置权限!!)

	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    
2) 申请运行时权限
        
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN) !=              PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
                    Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT}, 0);
        }

	// 在onRequestPermissionsResult方法中处理权限请求的结果
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == 0) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 用户授予了蓝牙连接权限,执行蓝牙连接相关操作
                // 获取配对列表
                for (BluetoothDevice bondedDevice : bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices()) {
                    deviceListAdapter.add(bondedDevice.getName() + "\n" + bondedDevice.getAddress());
                }
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝了蓝牙连接权限,可能需要显示一个提示消息或提供解释
                Toast.makeText(this, "请授权蓝牙权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }
  1. 获取蓝牙适配器
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "此设备不支持蓝牙!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} 
  1. 启动蓝牙
// 启动蓝牙
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
   Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
   startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, 1);
}
  1. 创建蓝牙展示列表
deviceListView = findViewById(R.id.deviceListView);
deviceListAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
deviceListView.setAdapter(deviceListAdapter);
  1. 注册蓝牙广播接收器(用于接收蓝牙搜索的结果)
// 注册蓝牙广播接收器
 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
 filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
 filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_ACL_CONNECTED);
 filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_ACL_DISCONNECTED);
 registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
       String action = intent.getAction();
       if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
          BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            deviceListAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
          }
        }
  }, filter);
  1. 搜索蓝牙
if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
  bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
}
deviceListAdapter.clear();
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
  1. 连接蓝牙(异步代码中执行)
		// 连接蓝牙
        deviceListView.setOnItemClickListener((parent, view, position, id) -> {
            String deviceInfo = (String) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);
            String deviceAddress = deviceInfo.substring(deviceInfo.length() - 17);
            BluetoothDevice myDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(deviceAddress);
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        Looper.prepare();
                        if (mySocket != null) {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "断开已连接的蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            mySocket.close();
                        }
                        mySocket = myDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));  // uuid通用
                        mySocket.connect();
                        myOutStream = mySocket.getOutputStream();
                        myInStream = mySocket.getInputStream();
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "蓝牙连接上了:" + myDevice.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    } catch (Exception e2) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "蓝牙连接失败" + e2.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        myInStream = null;
                        myOutStream = null;
                        mySocket = null;
                    }
                    Looper.loop();
                }
            }).start();
        });
关键API
// 获取蓝牙适配器
BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// 蓝牙是否启动
bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled();
// 开启蓝牙
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, 1);
// 蓝牙是否在搜索
bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering();
// 搜索蓝牙
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
// 停止搜索蓝牙
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
// 获取蓝牙设备
bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice();
// 获取蓝牙socket
BluetoothSocket mySocket = myDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));
// 连接蓝牙
mySocket.connect();
// 获取输入流输出流
myOutStream = mySocket.getOutputStream();
myInStream = mySocket.getInputStream();
完整代码

MainActivity

package com.example.bluetoothdemo;

import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.UUID;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;  // 蓝牙
    private ArrayAdapter<String> deviceListAdapter;
    private ListView deviceListView;
    private static BluetoothSocket mySocket = null;
    private static OutputStream myOutStream = null;
    private static InputStream myInStream = null;

    // 运行时权限
    public static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
            Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT,
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 检查蓝牙扫描权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
                    Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT}, 0);
        }

        // 获取蓝牙
        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "此设备不支持蓝牙!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }

        // 设置蓝牙列表
        deviceListView = findViewById(R.id.deviceListView);
        deviceListAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
        deviceListView.setAdapter(deviceListAdapter);

        // 启动蓝牙
        if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, 1);
        }
        // 注册蓝牙广播接收器
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_ACL_CONNECTED);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_ACL_DISCONNECTED);
        registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                String action = intent.getAction();
                if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    deviceListAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            }
        }, filter);

        Button startScanBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.start_scan_bluetooth);    // 搜索蓝牙
        Button stopScanBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.stop_scan_bluetooth);  // 停止搜索蓝牙
        startScanBluetooth.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                    bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                }
                deviceListAdapter.clear();
                bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
            }
        });
        stopScanBluetooth.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            }
        });
        // 连接蓝牙
        deviceListView.setOnItemClickListener((parent, view, position, id) -> {
            String deviceInfo = (String) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);
            String deviceAddress = deviceInfo.substring(deviceInfo.length() - 17);
            BluetoothDevice myDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(deviceAddress);
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        Looper.prepare();
                        if (mySocket != null) {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "断开已连接的蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            mySocket.close();
                        }
                        mySocket = myDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));  // uuid通用
                        mySocket.connect();
                        myOutStream = mySocket.getOutputStream();
                        myInStream = mySocket.getInputStream();
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "蓝牙连接上了:" + myDevice.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    } catch (Exception e2) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "蓝牙连接失败" + e2.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        myInStream = null;
                        myOutStream = null;
                        mySocket = null;
                    }
                    Looper.loop();
                }
            }).start();
        });
    }

    // 在onRequestPermissionsResult方法中处理权限请求的结果
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == 0) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 用户授予了蓝牙连接权限,执行蓝牙连接相关操作
                // 已配对列表
                for (BluetoothDevice bondedDevice : bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices()) {
                    deviceListAdapter.add(bondedDevice.getName() + "\n" + bondedDevice.getAddress());
                }
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝了蓝牙连接权限,可能需要显示一个提示消息或提供解释
                Toast.makeText(this, "请授权蓝牙权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/start_scan_bluetooth"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="搜索蓝牙" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/stop_scan_bluetooth"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="停止搜索蓝牙" />

        <ListView
            android:id="@+id/deviceListView"
            android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
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