单例模式（C++）

1.单例模式分类：

• 懒汉单例模式：等到用到的时候创建
• 饿汉单例模式：预先创建好

2.懒汉 + 饿汉单例模式

//懒汉式单例模式缺点，多线程情况下，getSingle函数里面加一个延时1s，单例模式将得到不唯一的指针
namespace Lazy
{
	class Single
	{
	private:
		Single()
		{
			cout << "私有构造函数" << endl;
		}
	//提供开放的接口
	public:
		static Single* getSingle();
	private:
		static Single* Q;
	};
	Single* Single::Q = nullptr;
	Single* Single::getSingle()
	{
		if (Q == nullptr)
		{
			Q = new Single;
			return Q;
		}
		return Q;
	}
}

namespace Hungry
{
	class Single
	{
	private:
		Single()
		{
			cout << "饿汉单例构造" << endl;
			count++;
			//sleep(1000);
		}
	public:
		static Single* getSingle() 
		{
			return Q1;
		}
	private:
		static Single* Q1;
		static int count;
	};
	Single* Single::Q1 = new Single;
	int Single::count = 0;
}

int main()
{
	Lazy::Single* s1 = Lazy::Single::getSingle();
	Lazy::Single* s2 = Lazy::Single::getSingle();
	Hungry::Single* s3 = Hungry::Single::getSingle();
	Hungry::Single* s4 = Hungry::Single::getSingle();
	if (s1 == s2)
	{
		cout << "true" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "false" << endl;
	}
	if (s3 == s4)
	{
		cout << "true" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "false" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

3.多线程懒汉单例模式另一实现思路：临界区资源加锁

static Single* getSingle() 
{
  if (q == nullptr)  
  {
    cs.Lock(); 
    if (q == nullptr)    
    {
      q = new Single;
    }
    cs.Unlock();
  }
  return q; 
}