1.原始构成 synchronized是关键字属于JVM层面 从反编译后的字节码中可以看到 monitiorenter(底层是通过monitor对象来完成,其实wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitor对象只有在同步代码块或方法中才能调wait/notify等方法) monitorexit Lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock)是api层面的锁 2.使用方法 synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完后系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用 ReentrantLock则需要用户去手动释放锁,若没有主动释放锁,就有可能出现死锁现象。 需要lock()和unlock()方法配合try/finally语句块来完成 3.等待是否可中断 synchronized不可中断,除非抛出异常或正常运行完成 ReentrantLock可中断,1.设置超时方法tryLock(long timeout,TimeUint unit) 2.lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,调用interrupt()方法可中断 4.加锁是否公平 synchronized非公平锁 ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁 5.锁绑定多个条件Condition synchronized没有 ReentrantLock用来实现分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个线程,要么唤醒全部线程
第五点的具体演示:
代码:
class ShareReource{
private int number = 1;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5(){
try {
lock.lock();
//1.判断
while (number != 1){
c1.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3.通知
number = 2;
c2.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10(){
try {
lock.lock();
//1.判断
while (number != 2){
c2.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3.通知
number = 3;
c3.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15(){
try {
lock.lock();
//1.判断
while (number != 3){
c3.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3.通知
number = 1;
c1.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ShareReource shareReource = new ShareReource();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareReource.print5();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareReource.print10();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareReource.print15();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
在这里开启三个线程,进入方法先上锁,并且用while循环防止虚假唤醒的情况,然后执行完业务后修改标志位,然后再通知给相应的Condition对象,这样就可以保证精确唤醒哪一个线程了。