外观模式（Facade Pattern）

外观模式

外观模式（Facade Pattern）隐藏系统的复杂性，并向客户端提供了一个客户端可以访问系统的接口。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它向现有的系统添加一个接口，来隐藏系统的复杂性。

影院管理项目

组建一个家庭影院:
DVD播放器、投影仪、自动屏幕、环绕立体声、爆米花机，要求完成使用家庭影院的功能，其过程为:
直接用遥控器:统筹各设备开关
开爆米花机
放下屏幕
开投影仪
开音响
开DVD，选dvd
去拿爆米花
调暗灯光
播放
观影结束后，关闭各种设备

案例一：传统方式解决影院管理

总结

• 在Test 的main方法中，创建各个子系统的对象，并直接去调用子系统(对象)相关方法，会造成调用过程混乱，没有清晰的过程
• 不利于在ClientTest 中，去维护对子系统的操作

案例二：外观模式

• 外观模式(Facade) ，也叫“过程模式:外观模式为子系统中的一-组接口提供-一个-致的界面，此模式定义了一个高层接口，这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用
• 外观模式通过定义一个一致的接口，用以屏蔽内部子系统的细节，使得调用端只需跟这个接口发生调用，而无需关心这个子系统的内部细节

public class DVDPlayer {
	//使用单例模式, 使用饿汉式
	private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();
	public static DVDPlayer getInstanc() { return instance; }
	public void on() { System.out.println(" dvd on "); }
	public void off() { System.out.println(" dvd off "); }
	public void play() { System.out.println(" dvd is playing "); }
	public void pause() { System.out.println(" dvd pause .."); }
}

public class Popcorn {
	private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();
	public static Popcorn getInstance() { return instance; }
	public void on() { System.out.println(" popcorn on "); }
	public void off() { System.out.println(" popcorn ff "); }
	public void pop() { System.out.println(" popcorn is poping  "); }
}

public class Projector {
	private static Projector instance = new Projector();
	public static Projector getInstance() { return instance; }
	public void on() { System.out.println(" Projector on "); }
	public void off() { System.out.println(" Projector ff "); }
	public void focus() { System.out.println(" Projector is Projector  "); }
}

public class Screen {
	private static Screen instance = new Screen();
	public static Screen getInstance() { return instance; }
	public void up() { System.out.println(" Screen up "); }
	public void down() { System.out.println(" Screen down "); }
}

public class Stereo {
	private static Stereo instance = new Stereo();
	public static Stereo getInstance() { return instance; }
	public void on() { System.out.println(" Stereo on "); }
	public void off() { System.out.println(" Screen off "); }
	public void up() { System.out.println(" Screen up.. "); }
}

public class TheaterLight {
	private static TheaterLight instance = new TheaterLight();
	public static TheaterLight getInstance() { return instance; }
	public void on() { System.out.println(" TheaterLight on "); }
	public void off() { System.out.println(" TheaterLight off "); }
	public void dim() { System.out.println(" TheaterLight dim.. "); }
	public void bright() { System.out.println(" TheaterLight bright.. "); }
}

public class HomeTheaterFacade {
	//定义各个子系统对象
	private TheaterLight theaterLight;
	private Popcorn popcorn;
	private Stereo stereo;
	private Projector projector;
	private Screen screen;
	private DVDPlayer dVDPlayer;
	//构造器
	public HomeTheaterFacade() {
		super();
		this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance();
		this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
		this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance();
		this.projector = Projector.getInstance();
		this.screen = Screen.getInstance();
		this.dVDPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstanc();
	}
	//操作分成 4 步
	public void ready() {
		popcorn.on();
		popcorn.pop();
		screen.down();
		projector.on();
		stereo.on();
		dVDPlayer.on();
		theaterLight.dim();
	}
	public void play() { dVDPlayer.play(); }
	public void pause() { dVDPlayer.pause(); }
	public void end() {
		popcorn.off();
		theaterLight.bright();
		screen.up();
		projector.off();
		stereo.off();
		dVDPlayer.off();
	}
}

测试

public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();
		homeTheaterFacade.ready();
		homeTheaterFacade.play();
		homeTheaterFacade.pause();
		homeTheaterFacade.end();
	}
}

外观模式在MyBatis框架应用的源码分析

public class Configuration {
    protected ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory;
    protected ObjectFactory objectFactory;
    protected ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory;
    
    this.reflectorFactory =new DefaultReflectorFactory();
    this.objectFactory =new DefaultObjectFactory();
    this.objectWrapperFactory =new DefaultObjectWrapperFactory();

    public ParameterHandler newParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) {
        ParameterHandler parameterHandler = mappedStatement.getLang().createParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql);
        parameterHandler = (ParameterHandler) this.interceptorChain.pluginAll(parameterHandler);
        return parameterHandler;
    }
}

    public static MetaObject forObject(Object object, ObjectFactory objectFactory, ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory, ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory) {
        return object == null ? SystemMetaObject.NULL_META_OBJECT : new MetaObject(object, objectFactory, objectWrapperFactory, reflectorFactory);
    }

    private MetaObject(Object object, ObjectFactory objectFactory, ObjectWrapperFactory objectWrapperFactory, ReflectorFactory reflectorFactory) {
        this.originalObject = object;
        this.objectFactory = objectFactory;
        this.objectWrapperFactory = objectWrapperFactory;
        this.reflectorFactory = reflectorFactory;
        if (object instanceof ObjectWrapper) {
            this.objectWrapper = (ObjectWrapper)object;
        } else if (objectWrapperFactory.hasWrapperFor(object)) {
            this.objectWrapper = objectWrapperFactory.getWrapperFor(this, object);
        } else if (object instanceof Map) {
            this.objectWrapper = new MapWrapper(this, (Map)object);
        } else if (object instanceof Collection) {
            this.objectWrapper = new CollectionWrapper(this, (Collection)object);
        } else {
            this.objectWrapper = new BeanWrapper(this, object);
        }

    }

总结

• 外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节，因此外观模式降低了客户端对子系统使用的复杂性
• 外观模式对客户端与子系统的耦合关系解耦，让子系统内部的模块更易维护和扩展
• 通过合理的使用外观模式，可以帮我们更好的划分访问的层次
• 当系统需要进行分层设计时，可以考虑使用Facade模式
• 在维护一个遗留的大型系统时，可能这个系统已经变得非常难以维护和扩展，此时可以考虑为新系统开发一个Facade类，来提供遗留系统的比较清晰简单的接口，让新系统与Facade类交互，提高复用性
• 不能过多的或者不合理的使用外观模式，使用外观模式好，还是直接调用模块好。要以让系统有层次，利于维护为目的。