SpringCloud基本使用方法，带集群步骤

1：创建父项目。导入依赖

 <!--指定jdk版本-->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
        <springboot.version>2.0.5.RELEASE</springboot.version>
    </properties>
        <!--由于springcloud是治理工具包，其版本要springboot项目版本一致 下方指定-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${springboot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

2：创建

user-counsom  当消费者

子项目 导入web依赖和eureak客户端

      <!--导入springboot启动的web依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入eureak的客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.1 在子项目中配置application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
     defaultZone: http://eureka1:1020/eureka,http://eureka2:1030/eureka,http://eureka3:1040/eureka #告诉服务提供者要把服务注册到哪儿
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true # 当调用getHostname获取实例的hostname时，返回ip而不是host名称
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1 # 指定自己的ip信息，不指定的话会自己寻找
spring:
  application:
    name: user-counsom

2.2向springboot项目中加载

RestTemplate对象

package cn.itsource.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateWangLu {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate GetRestTemplate(){
        System.out.println("自动执行向容器中发请求的对象");
        return new RestTemplate();

    }
}

2.3测试的controller

package cn.itsource.controller;

import cn.itsource.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/customer")
public class CustomerController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    /**
     * 导入客户端
     */
    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
    @RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User getAll(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
//        String url ="http://localhost:8082/provider/user/"+id;
//        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        //因为可能集群了多个服务，需要先通过名字拉取
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("user-provider");
        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        URI uri = instance.getUri();
        String url = uri+"/provider/user/11222";
        System.out.println(url);
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        return user;
    }
}

3.1写提供者的yml配置

server:
  port: 8082
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:1020/eureka,http://eureka2:1030/eureka,http://eureka3:1040/eureka #告诉服务提供者要把服务注册到哪儿
  instance:
     prefer-ip-address: true # 当调用getHostname获取实例的hostname时，返回ip而不是host名称
     ip-address: 127.0.0.1 # 指定自己的ip信息，不指定的话会自己寻找
spring:
  application:
    name: user-provider

controller

package cn.itsource;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient//声明这个是spingcloud的客户端
public class ProviderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class);

    }
}

启动app：

package cn.itsource;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient//声明这个是spingcloud的客户端
public class ProviderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class);

    }
}

eureak服务端配置  这里集群了3个

 --------------------------------------------------yml配置 ----------------------------------

server:
  port: 1020
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
    fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:1020/eureka,http://eureka2:1030/eureka,http://eureka3:1040/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka1

 --------------------------------------------------yml配置 ----------------------------------

server:
  port: 1030
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka2
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
    fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:1020/eureka,http://eureka2:1030/eureka,http://eureka3:1040/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka2

-----------------------------------yml--------------------------------------

server:
  port: 1040
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka3
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
    fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:1020/eureka,http://eureka2:1030/eureka,http://eureka3:1040/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka3

------------------------注册那个一个---------------

#当前激活的eureak服务器spring:
spring:
  profiles:
    active: eureka3

 eureka3为启动的名字

com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.TransportException: Cannot execute request on any known server。请检出现此错误，请修改yml文件名字