查看网络接口信息
- 查看所有活动的网络接口信息
ifconfig - 查看指定网络接口号
ifconfig 网络接口
ifconfig命令的使用
ifconfig -a 显示网卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.71.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.71.255
inet6 fe80::c48d:a362:6194:6ca4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:23:15:64 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 511 bytes 51048 (49.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 242 bytes 27533 (26.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 280 bytes 27320 (26.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 280 bytes 27320 (26.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ifconfig ens33 看主配置网卡接口信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.71.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.71.255
inet6 fe80::a489:4a20:7837:4788 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:23:15:64 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
systemctl status NetworkManager 管理和监控网络设置的守护进程
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 五 2021-04-23 22:37:39 CST; 3 weeks 4 days ago
Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
Main PID: 6244 (NetworkManager)
Tasks: 4
CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
├─ 6244 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
└─19369 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run
ifconfig ens33 ip地址/24 临时性修改地址
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.1.1/24 临时性虚拟网卡
ifconfig ens33:1 down 禁用(删除)虚拟网卡
ifconfig ens33 up 启用网卡
ifup ens33 启用网卡
ifdown ens33 禁用网卡
配置新的网卡步骤
添加一块新的网络适配器
重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network
查看新的网卡
ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.11.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.11.255
inet6 fe80::c322:ffca:27f8:d44b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:23:15:6e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 40 bytes 3549 (3.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 33 bytes 5683 (5.5 KiB)
进入接口进行配置
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=ens37
DEVICE=ens37
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.11.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.12.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
重启后查看
ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.11.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 12.0.0.255
检查能否ping通
C:\Users\Administrator>ping 192.168.11.10
正在 Ping 192.168.11.10 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.11.10 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.11.10 的回复: 字节=32 时间=1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.11.10 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.11.10 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.11.10 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 4,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms,最长 = 1ms,平均 = 0ms
网络探测工具
ping
由于输入ping会不停的ping,可以指定次数和超时时间
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 2 192.168.11.10
PING 192.168.11.10 (192.168.11.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.11.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.046 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.11.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
--- 192.168.11.10 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.046/0.058/0.071/0.014 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -w 3 192.168.11.10
PING 192.168.11.10 (192.168.11.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.11.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.11.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.11.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.076 ms
--- 192.168.11.10 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.040/0.057/0.076/0.016 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 192.168.11.10
[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 0.5 - c 5 192.168.11.10
路由追踪traceroute
[root@localhost ~]# traceroute 192.168.11.10
traceroute to 192.168.11.10 (192.168.11.10), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 localhost.localdomain (192.168.11.10) 0.039 ms 0.010 ms 0.009 ms
查路由表route
查本机路由表
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
同样的命令还有:route -n、ip route
手动做静态路由
route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.11.2
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.11.2
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.71.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 192.168.12.2 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 ens37
192.168.2.0 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens37
删除某个目标网段
route del -net 192.168.2.0/24
增加默认路由
route add default gw IP
删除
route del default gw IP
hostname主机名称配置
临时改主机名
hostname 名称
永久改名(进编辑器改)
vim /etc/hostname
hostname ctl set-hostname 名称 (立即生效)
显示本机ip
hostname -i
[root@localhost ~]# hostname -i
fe80::c48d:a362:6194:6ca4%ens33 fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:156e%ens37 192.168.71.130 192.168.122.1 192.168.11.10
查看环境变量
echo $HOSTNAME
netstat查看端口连接状态
netstat -a 查看端口所有状态
-l 查看监听状态
-n 以数字显示
-p 显示PID
-t 查看TCP协议连接
-u 查看UDP协议连接
-r 查看路由表
“ss 也可以查看,ss比netstat显示的速度更快”
看并发量(n快s慢)
time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l
time ss -o state established | wc -l
[root@localhost ~]# time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l
0
real 0m0.002s
user 0m0.002s
sys 0m0.003s
[root@localhost ~]# time ss -o state established | wc -l
736
real 0m0.046s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.009s
本地用户映射文件
cat /etc/hosts文件
保存主机名与IP地址的映射记录
hosts文件和DNS服务器的比较
默认情况下,系统首先从hosts文件查找解析记录
hosts文件之多当前的主机有效
hosts文件可减少DNS查询过程,从而加快访问速度
nslookup\host\dig 域名解析
dig …更详细解析