Android--广播的使用

接收系统广播

动态注册监听网络变化

首先需要创建一个广播接收器：新建类继承BroadcastReceiver，并重写onReceiver()方法。

然后通过动态注册的方式编写一个能够监听网络变化的程序。

最后申请权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

public class BroadcastTest extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;

    private MyBroadcastReceiver myBroadcastReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_broadcast_test);

        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();//构建意图
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");//添加行为
        myBroadcastReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
        registerReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter);//注册
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {//取消注册
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver);
    }

    class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {//广播接收器

        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            //Toast.makeText(context, "network changes", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            ConnectivityManager manager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            Network networks = manager.getActiveNetwork();
            NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = manager.getNetworkCapabilities(networks);
            if (networkCapabilities != null) {
                Toast.makeText(context, "network is available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(context, "network is unavailable", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }

    }
}

注意：动态注册的广播接收器一定都要取消注册才行，这里在onDestory()方法中调用unregisterReceiver()方法来实现的。

静态注册实现开机启动

首先还是创建广播接收器：

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

}

然后在AndroidManifest.xml文件中静态注册：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.holidaytest">
    //申请 监听系统开机广播 权限
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.HolidayTest">
        ...
        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
            	//添加想要监听的广播          
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

    </application>
</manifest>

发送自定义广播

发送标准广播

首先创建广播接收器：

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

}

然后在AndroidManifest.xml文件中设置广播接收器需要接受的广播：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.holidaytest">
    ...
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.HolidayTest">
        ...
        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        
    </application>

</manifest>

最后定义一个按钮发送标准广播：

public class BroadcastTest extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_broadcast_test);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }
    
}

首先构建Intent将要发送的广播的值传入，然后调用Context的sendBroadcast() 方法将广播发送出去，这样所有监听这条广播的广播接收器就会收到消息。

发送有序广播

首先创建新项目，然后再创建一个广播接收器：

public class AnotherMyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        //abortBroadcast();如果调用此方法，就表示将这条广播截断，后面的广播接收器无法再接收这条广播
    }

}

接收标准广播发出的广播(不同程序之间接收广播)：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.holidaytest">
    ...
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.HolidayTest">
        ...
        <receiver android:name=".AnotherMyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter android:priority="100">//设置接收广播的优先级
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        
        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        
    </application>

</manifest>

发送有序广播：

public class BroadcastTest extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_broadcast_test);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
            }
        });
    }
    
}

发送有序广播只需将sendBroadcast()方法改为sendOrderedBroadcast() 方法