BGP综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、AS1中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24，该地址不能在任何协议中宣告；
AS3中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24，该地址不能再任何协议中宣告，最终要求这两个环回可以ping通；
2、R1-R8的建邻环回用x.x.x.x/32表示
3、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，R3-R7上各有一个业务网段，请合理划分；并且其内部配置OSPF协议
4、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制；
5、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问；
6、减少路由条目数量，避免环路出现；

三、实验思路

1、先换分IP地址并配置各路由器的IP地址和环回口
2、配置AS2的OSPF，使AS2区域内互通
3、配置IBGP，EBGP和路由反射器，使AS1，AS2和AS3互通
4、进行优化配置，减少路由条目，避免环路
5、配置GRE，使R1和R8的环回不宣告在任意协议的情况下互通

四、实验步骤

1、划分并分配IP地址

AS2要求用172.16.0.0/16进行划分，将骨干链路划分为172.16.1.0/24
R3-R7的业务网段划分为172.16.3.0/24,172.16.4.0/24,172.16.5.0/24,172.16.6.0/24172.16.7.0/24
再将骨干链路进行细分为172.16.1.0/30,172.16.1.4/30,172.16.1.8/30,172.16.1.12/30,172.16.1.16/30,172.16.1.20/30

配置IP地址和环回口
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.1 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.21 30
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.5 30
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.1 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.6 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.9 30
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.4.1 24

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.17 30
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.5.1 24

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.18 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.13 30
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.6.1 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.10 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.14 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 34.1.1.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 7.7.7.7 32
[R7-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.7.1 24

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 34.1.1.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 8.8.8.8 32
[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.2.1 24

2、OSPF配置

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.21 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.5 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.6 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.9 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.22 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.17 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.18 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.13 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.14 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.1.10 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 7.7.7.7 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255

检查OSPF路由表

3、BGP配置

（1）配置IBGP和EBGP

[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as 2

[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as 1
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface L0
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local
[R2-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface L0
[R2-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 next-hop-local
[R2-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 ebgp-max-hop

[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface L0
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface L0

[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface L0

[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface L0
[R5-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local
[R5-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 ebgp-max-hop
[R5-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 as 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 connect-interface L0
[R5-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 next-hop-local

[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2
[R6-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface L0
[R6-bgp]peer 7.7.7.7 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 7.7.7.7 connect-interface L0

[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 as 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 connect-interface L0
[R7-bgp]peer 6.6.6.6 next-hop-local
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as 3

[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as 2

检查建邻情况

（2）路由反射器配置

将R1和R8的环回口宣告进BGP
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32

[R9]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]net 8.8.8.8 32

检查其他路由器的学习情况

只有R6学习到了两个路由信息

配置路由反射器使所有路由都可以学到

[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 reflect-client

[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 7.7.7.7 reflect-client

检查路由学习情况

此时所有路由器的环回都可以互相访问

（3）减少路由，避免环路

先将每个路由器上的业务网段宣告进BGP
[R2-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32

[R3-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-bgp]net 172.16.3.0 24

[R4-bgp]net 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-bgp]net 172.16.4.0 24

[R5-bgp]net 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-bgp]net 172.16.5.0 24

[R6-bgp]net 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-bgp]net 172.16.6.0 24

[R7-bgp]net 7.7.7.7 32
[R7-bgp]net 172.16.7.0 24

此时各路由器的BGP表如下

进行路由聚合

[R2-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed
[R3-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed
[R4-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed
[R5-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed
[R6-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed
[R7-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed

放环配置

[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R5]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0

检查优化后的BGP表

4、VPN配置

R1和R8的业务网段要求不能再任何协议中宣告，所以使用GRE进行配置，隧道使用10.1.1.0/24

[R1]int t0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 1.1.1.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 8.8.8.8
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0

[R8]int t0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 8.8.8.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 1.1.1.1
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0

测试R1和R8的两个环回能否连通


成功连通

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实验完成