linux基础及应用1.0(初始化)

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-21 23:35:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-21 23:35:17 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56548356/article/details/132885977

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linux基础操作1.0

配置静态IP地址

编辑ip配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static  //类型改为static静态获取
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=3bd8d921-91e5-4a0f-8afb-32d23482c8c0
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes //开机自启
IPADDR=192.168.100.10   //手动添加以下四行
PREFIX=24 或者 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8

重启服务

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart 
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  OK  ]

查看IP获取情况

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b8:4d:cb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.100.10/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::8882:e3f4:e08e:61a7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

此时可以通过ssh2终端连接

修改主机名,映射主机名(方便后续主机映射集群搭建)

修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname code1
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@code1 ~]#   //此时@后面已经变成我们改好的名称了

映射主机名

[root@code1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.100.10 code1   //添加映射的节点ip和节点名称即可

测试连通

[root@code1 ~]# ping code1
PING code1 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from code1 (192.168.100.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
64 bytes from code1 (192.168.100.10): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.046 ms
64 bytes from code1 (192.168.100.10): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
^C
--- code1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.030/0.042/0.050/0.008 ms

配置本地yum仓库源

零时挂载镜像获取镜像里自带的软件仓库(或者挂载上传的镜像文件)

[root@code1 ~]# mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /opt/
[root@code1 ~]# ls /opt/
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

永久挂载需要修改配置文件(开机自动挂载)

[root@code1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Sep 15 00:00:17 2023
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6d58fa63-672b-464c-bb8e-65fc838a33f2 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0 /opt/ iso9660 defaults 0 0  //添加最后这一行

查看挂载情况

[root@code1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G 1009M   17G   6% /
devtmpfs                 899M     0  899M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    911M     0  911M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    911M  9.5M  902M   2% /run
tmpfs                    911M     0  911M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  142M  873M  14% /boot
tmpfs                    183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/loop0               4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /opt     //这里就是刚才挂载的文件

移动或删除自带的网络yum源文件

[root@code1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

创建本地yum源仓库文件

[root@code1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo //编辑添加下面五行保存退出
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=file:///opt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

清空原来的yum缓存并查看新yum仓库

[root@code1 ~]# yum clean all  //清空缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: centos
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
[root@code1 ~]# yum repolist   // 查看仓库
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
centos                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): centos/group_gz                                                                          | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): centos/primary_db                                                                        | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
repo id                                                  repo name                                               status
centos                                                   centos                                                  3,971
repolist: 3,971   //返回下列信息就算本地yum仓库配置成功啦

关闭centos中的防火墙和一些策略保证后续实验的稳定

关闭firewalld

[root@code1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld   //停止服务
[root@code1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld   //关闭开机自启
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@code1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld   //查看当前服务状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Sep 15 00:07:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Sep 15 00:07:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Sep 15 00:45:55 code1 systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Sep 15 00:45:56 code1 systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

关闭SElinux

[root@code1 ~]# getenforce  //查看SElinux状态
Enforcing
[root@code1 ~]# setenforce 0  //零时关闭SElinux
[root@code1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config   //编辑配置文件达到永久关闭的目的
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled        //把=后面修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@code1 ~]# getenforce // 检查SElinux状态 和上面对比可见
Permissive

关闭iptables策略

[root@code1 ~]# iptables -F
[root@code1 ~]# iptables -X
[root@code1 ~]# iptables -Z
[root@code1 ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Fri Sep 15 00:51:13 2023
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [20:1760]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [11:1528]
COMMIT
# Completed on Fri Sep 15 00:51:13 2023

此时一个节点的基本环境就已经配置好了!

一条命令初始化虚拟机

systemctl stop firewalld;systemctl disable firewalld;setenforce 0;iptables -F;iptables -Z;iptables -X;iptables-save;sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config;hostnamectl set-hostname 主机名