RabbitMQ（二）

冰魄雕狼

于 2022-10-20 21:39:14 发布

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分类专栏： RabbitMQ 文章标签： java-rabbitmq rabbitmq java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56644618/article/details/127434511

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在讲这篇文章之前，是默认大家对Springboot已经有一定的了解了。

上篇文章我们讲的是RabbitMQ的手动实现，比较繁琐冗余。所以Spring帮我们做了封装，SpringAMQP。

步骤：

导依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

在配置文件中进行基本的配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    username: songdiao
    password: sd460429
    host: 
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /

在SpringBoot的主类上面添加@EnableRabbit注解来开启RabbitMQ
根据各种消息队列模型来编写Publisher和Consumer

简单队列模型

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    //注入操作RabbitMq的对象
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        //调用convertAndSend方法来发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTest4","Running...");
    }
}

@Component("test1")
//该注解表示队列
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = {@Queue(value = "queueTest4")})//默认为持久化，非独占，非自动删除
public class Consumer {
    @RabbitHandler//该注解表示消费者
    public void test(String msg){//该方法返回值必须为void,且参数类型需要和传过来的消息类型保持一致
        System.out.println("收到消息："+msg);
    }
}

Work模型（平均分配）

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("workAnnotation","work is running...");
        }

    }
}

@Component("test2")
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = {@Queue("workAnnotation")})
    public void test1(String msg)throws Exception{
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        System.out.println("消费者1消费消息："+msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = {@Queue("workAnnotation")})
    public void test2(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者2消费消息："+msg);
    }
}

Fanout广播模型

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","","fanout is running...");//交换机名称，routingKey，具体消息内容
    }
}

@Component("test3")
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue,//创建队列，如果不传队列名称，就是创建一个临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "fanoutExchange",type = "fanout"))//指定交换机名称和类型
    })
    public void test1(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者1消费消息："+msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue,//创建队列，如果不传队列名称，就是创建一个临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "fanoutExchange",type = "fanout"))//指定交换机名称和类型
    })
    public void test2(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者2消费消息："+msg);
    }
}

Direct路由模型

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange","test1","direct is running...");
    }
}

@Component("test4")
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directExchange",type = "direct"),//这儿类型可以不写，因为默认就是direct模式
                    key = {"test1","test2","test3"})})//指定routingKey
    public void test1(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者1消费消息："+msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directExchange",type = "direct"),
                    key = {"test1"})})
    public void test2(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者2消费消息："+msg);
    }
}

Topic动态路由模型

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","test.a","topic is running...");
    }
}

@Component
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "topicExchange",type = "topic"),
                    key = {"test.*","*.test.#"}
            )
    })
    public void test1(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者1消费消息："+msg);
    }


    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "topicExchange",type = "topic"),
                    key = {"test.user.#","*.test.#"}
            )
    })
    public void test2(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者2消费消息："+msg);
    }
}

实战：

上面我们传递的消息都是String类型，那如果是Object类型呢，也就是说我们可以发送任意对象类型的消息，SpringAMQP会帮我们序列化为字节后发送。但是如果我们直接接收的话就会报错SimpleMessageConverter only supports String, byte[] and Serializable payloads。

解决办法为定义一个消息转换器，Spring的对消息对象的处理是由org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter来处理的。而默认实现是SimpleMessageConverter，基于JDK的ObjectOutputStream完成序列化。如果要修改只需要定义一个MessageConverter 类型的Bean即可。推荐用JSON方式序列化。

@Data
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
}

@Configuration
public class Converter {

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){//MessageConverter注意是amqp包下的
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

@SpringBootTest
public class Publisher {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setUsername("test");
        user.setPassword("test");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("userExchange","",user);
    }
}

@Component
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "userExchange",type = "fanout")
            )
    })
    public void test1(User user){
        System.out.println("消费者1拿到消息："+user);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "userExchange",type = "fanout")
            )
    })
    public void test2(User user){
        System.out.println("消费者2拿到消息："+user);
    }
}