路由与VLAN

故障排除

分层检查

从物理检查，查看端口状态来排除接口线缆等问题
查看ip地址和路由等的配置是否正确

分段检查

VLAN 概述与优势

（VLAN：虚拟从局域）
分割广播域、物理分割、逻辑分割

VLAN的优势

分割广播、增强网络安全性、简化网络管理

VLAN的种类

静态VLAN

静态VLAN也称基础端口的VLAN，是目前最常见的VLAN实现方式。

动态VLAN

基于Mac地址划分动态VLAN

静态VLAN的配置

VLAN的范围：华为 1-4094
##在交换机上配置静态VLAN的步骤
创建VLAN
将交换机的端口加入到相应的VLAN中
验证VLAN的配置
VLAN10/20：命令
dis vlan:查看VLAN信息
vlan batch 30/40：同时创建30和40
vlan batch 11to15:创建1-15个
port link-thpe access:连接主机和路由器用access
poyt default vlan:把1接口设置vldn
display port vlan:查看所有接口的模式和对应vlan
port-group caiwu:将接口组起名为caiwu也可以是1-32的数字
group-membere0/0/1 e0/0/3:将e0/0/1和e0/0/3加入caiwu组
dot1q terminationvlan10 :在vlan10打个标识
arp broadcast enable:开广播

Trunk的作用

如何实现交换机之间的vlan通信
为每一个vlan提供
只使用一条线路实现

交换网络中的链路

接入链路：通常属于一个vlan
中继链路：可以承载多个vlan

VLAN的标识

802.1q规定了公有的标记方法，其他厂商的产品也支持这种标记方法。链路双方的设备使用相同的标记方法。

IEEE802.1q

作业

1

r1
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysn r1
[r1]int loop
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
Apr 6 2021 20:07:12-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
Apr 6 2021 20:07:48-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]ip ro
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.10.2
[r1]ip ro
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 192.168.20.2
[r1]
[r1]
[r1]ping 3.3.3.3
PING 3.3.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

— 3.3.3.3 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/70 ms

[r1]ping 2.2.2.2
PING 2.2.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

— 2.2.2.2 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/30/70 ms

[r1]
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int loo
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
Apr 6 2021 20:38:08-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
Apr 6 2021 20:38:34-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r1]ip ro
[r1]ip route-s
[r1]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 192.168.20.2
[r1]ip ro
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.10.2
[r1]
[r1]
[r1]ping 2.2.2.2
PING 2.2.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

— 2.2.2.2 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/20/30 ms

[r1]ping 3.3.3.3
PING 3.3.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

— 3.3.3.3 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/20/30 ms
[r2]
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int loo
[r2]int LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[r2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.1
^
Error:Incomplete command found at ‘^’ position.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip.add 192.168.30.1 24
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at ‘^’ position.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.1 24
Apr 6 2021 20:41:33-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.2
^
Error:Incomplete command found at ‘^’ position.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.2 24
Apr 6 2021 20:42:24-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Gi