cobbler

cobbler

cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler集成的服务:
PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件作用
/etc/cobbler/settingscobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxepxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.confweb服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digestweb访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.templatedhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatedns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.templatetftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.logcobbler日志

cobbler的作用

服务器上架后,可以手动选择需要安装的系统(如:Centos7 或 Centos 8)
服务器上架后,能够根据需求,安装配置操作系统(如:修改IP地址、主机名、选择安装包)
系统安装后,可以自定义的执行脚本,完成系统基础软件初始化(如:Zabbix安装配置、SaltStack安装配置)
可以当内部YUM源,并在系统安装时进行初始化
可以重装系统
Cobbler支持API,可以无缝融合到自建运维平台中
Cobbler支持网卡的路由配置、DNS配置、bonding

cobbler命令
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息

cobbler服务端部署

配置源

[root@cl ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@cl ~]# rm -rf *
[root@cl ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@cl yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@cl yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@cl yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@cl yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@cl yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

[root@cl ~]# dnf clean all
[root@cl ~]# dnf makecache

安装cobbler以及相关软件

[root@master ~]# dnf module list | grep cobbler  //过滤系统上面是否有cobbler安装包
cobbler              3               default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server                                                                                                                                                                                                
cobbler              3.3             default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server
[root@master ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon

启动服务并设置开机自启

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

关闭防火墙和selinux并重启系统

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# reboot

查看重启的访问是否起来

[root@master ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabl>
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-09-25 13:59:59 CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 940 (httpd)
   Status: "Started, listening on: port 443, port 80"
    Tasks: 231 (limit: 50536)
   Memory: 53.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─ 940 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1562 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1563 (wsgi:cobbler_w -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1564 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1565 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1566 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Sep 25 13:59:57 master systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Sep 25 13:59:59 master systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Sep 25 14:00:03 master httpd[940]: Server configured, listening on: port 443, port 80
[root@master ~]# systemctl status rsyncd
● rsyncd.service - fast remote file copy program daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disab>
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-09-25 13:59:57 CST; 31s ago
 Main PID: 1008 (rsync)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 50536)
   Memory: 812.0K
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyncd.service
           └─1008 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach

Sep 25 13:59:57 master systemd[1]: Started fast remote file copy program daemon.
[root@master ~]# systemctl status tftp
● tftp.service - Tftp Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service; indirect; vendor preset: disabl>
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:in.tftpd
[root@master ~]# systemctl status cobblerd.service
● cobblerd.service - Cobbler Helper Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: dis>
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-09-25 13:59:57 CST; 56s ago
  Process: 932 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/touch /usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi (code=ex>
 Main PID: 931 (cobblerd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 50536)
   Memory: 39.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/cobblerd.service
           └─931 /usr/bin/python3 -s /usr/bin/cobblerd -F

Sep 25 13:59:57 master systemd[1]: Starting Cobbler Helper Daemon...
Sep 25 13:59:57 master systemd[1]: Started Cobbler Helper Daemon.

生成加密的密码

[root@master ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" "redhat"
$1$32099$Nt2bru6kaYII0xr7LgwOl.

修改配置文件并将生成的密码写入其中然后重启cobbler服务

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# (dual homed, etc), you need to read the --server-override section
# of the manpage for how that works.
server: 192.168.58.130

# of the Cobbler server here so that PXE booting guests can find it
# if you do not set this correctly, this will be manifested in TFTP open timeouts.
next_server: 192.168.58.130

# and put the output between the "" below.
default_password_crypted: "$1$32099$Nt2bru6kaYII0xr7LgwOl."

# set to true to enable Cobbler's DHCP management features.
# the choice of DHCP management engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
manage_dhcp: true
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service

通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题,并解决问题

[root@master ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
问题1:
[root@master ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@master loaders]# ls
[root@master loaders]# dnf -y install syslinux*
[root@master loaders]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@master loaders]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@master loaders]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0
问题2,3:
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install yum-utils
问题4和问题5可以忽略,
因为如果使用的是debian系统才需要解决,使用的是centos8就可以不用解决
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents

配置DHCP模板文件,同步cobbler配置

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.58.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.58.255;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.58.255;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.58.100 192.168.58.110;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     class "pxeclients"
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd.service
[root@master ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_142930_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 14:29:30 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

管理distro挂载镜像并导入镜像

[root@master loaders]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@master loaders]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=chenlang arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-25_162607_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Sep 25 16:26:07 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang:
creating new distro: chenlang-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang -> /var/www/cobbler/links/chenlang-x86_64
creating new profile: chenlang-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang for chenlang-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

列出cobbler镜像列表

[root@master ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   chenlang-x86_64

profiles:
   chenlang-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

查看详细信息 查看指定的–name 接镜像名

[root@master ~]# cobbler distro report --name chenlang-x86_64
Name                           : chenlang-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/chenlang-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Boot loader                    : grub
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key          : 
Remote Boot Initrd             : ~
Remote Boot Kernel             : ~
Template Files                 : {}

创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled  //关闭防火墙
%packages
@^minimal-environment //添加最小化安装
%end

此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功 需要做如下操作

[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@master bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  migrate-settings.sh  mkgrub.sh  settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@master bin]# bash mkgrub.sh 
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x
[root@master bin]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub  ldlinux.c32  menu.c32  pxelinux.0
[root@master bin]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_163457_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 16:34:57 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/chenlang-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/chenlang-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: chenlang-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/chenlang-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/chenlang-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: chenlang-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/chenlang-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/chenlang/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/chenlang-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for chenlang-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: chenlang-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@master bin]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd.service

创建一个虚拟机来测试
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手动选择下面的选项
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自动安装,使用浏览器访问https://192.168.222.250/cobbler_web
默认登录的用户名和密码都为cobbler
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