Cobbler

Cobbler

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Cobbler简介

Cobbler官网

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler集成的服务

• PXE服务支持
• DHCP服务管理
• DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
• 电源管理
• Kickstart服务支持
• YUM仓库管理
• TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
• Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解

cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	pxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块的配置文件

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing	客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

cobbler服务端部署

#关闭防火墙与SElinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#配置国内的yum源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0  12729      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 12729
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                       47 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                     29 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com                                  59 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00
Metadata cache created.

#下载epel源
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install epel-release

#安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
cobbler              3               default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server      
cobbler              3.3             default [d]                              Versatile Linux deployment server 

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3  //开启cobble模块
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon

#启动服务并设为开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

#生成加密的密码，将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'centos'
$1$32355$b/BQ8gPCZVGXaJHylpPNe0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
server: 192.168.188.128  //修改server的ip地址为本机ip
next_server: 192.168.188.128  //设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
default_password_crypted: "$1$32355$b/BQ8gPCZVGXaJHylpPNe0"  //填写刚刚生成的密匙
manage_dhcp: true //开启dhcp管理

#改完上述配置，重启cobbler服务,建议reboot一下再执行错误检查
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@localhost ~]# reboot

#进行错误检查，需要解决这些错误。4和5不用管，那是Debian系统需要解决的问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

#问题1的解决方法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

#问题2和3的解决方法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

#解决后再次检查可以发现还报问题1，如果你已完成问题1的解决方法可以不理
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

#配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.188.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  //192.168.92.0是子网
     option routers             192.168.188.2;  //网关
     option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;  //DNS
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;  //子网掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.188.100 192.168.188.130;  //地址池
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

#重启服务，生效配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd

#同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
......
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

#导入镜像
#参数说明
--path      //镜像路径
--name      //为安装源定义一个名字
--arch      //指定安装源平台
#安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS8-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos8 arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-25_163224_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Sep 25 16:32:24 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8:
creating new distro: Centos8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos8-x86_64
creating new profile: Centos8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8 for Centos8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/Centos8/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#生成kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name Centos8-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/centos8.ks

#修改脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/centos8.ks
......
firewall --disable
......
%packages
@^minimal-environment  //在%packages与%end中间添加此行，设置最小化安装
%end

#检查ks脚本文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validate-autoinstalls
task started: 2022-09-25_164131_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Sun Sep 25 16:41:31 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功  需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  migrate-settings.sh  mkgrub.sh  settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh

#可以看到该脚本的执行会报一堆错误，先不用管
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x

#执行完上一步，去/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/下查看有没有grub与ldlinux.c32文件
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ll /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
total 72
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    79 Sep 25 16:44 grub
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    31 Sep 25 16:44 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26272 Sep 25 16:08 menu.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42376 Sep 25 16:08 pxelinux.0

#同步cobbler
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler sync

#重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd

客户端安装系统

新建一台虚拟机，设置好cpu，内存等配置，无需自行添加镜像。创建好直接开启虚拟机。

需耐心等待，出现如下界面，选择刚刚制作的镜像

大约等待几分钟，密码就是生成的加密密码，我设置的是centos

定制安装

//浏览器的地址栏访问cobbler的web界面必须是https+ip+cobbler_web的格式
//默认的用户名与密码都是cobbler

创建虚拟机进行测试

虚拟机设置完成之后直接开启，开启后无需任何操作，他自动会执行直到用户界面，可以看到IP地址就是设置的未使用的IP地址