数据库运维高级-备份

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

1.创建student和score表

CREATE TABLE student ( 
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY , 
name VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL, 
sex VARCHAR(4) CHARACTER SET utf8, 
birth YEAR , 
department VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8, 
address VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8);

创建score表。SQL代码如下：

CREATE TABLE score ( id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL , 
c_name VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8,
grade INT(10) ); 

2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市'); 

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85); 

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --default-character-set=utf8 -B school > ~/backup/school02.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'123456' school > ~/backup/school03.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school -B | gzip > school04.sql.gz

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school student > school.student05.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school school2 -B > school06.sql

8.仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -d -uroot -p'123456' school  > school07.sql

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump  -uroot -p'123456' -A > ~/backup/school08.sql

10.还原MySQL数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql> drop database school;
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' < ~/backup/school02.sql

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql> drop database school;
gunzip < /root/backup/school04.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'123456'

12.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B school  -S /tmp/mysql.sock -o /root/backup/school09.sql

13.使用mydumper恢复数据

[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /root/backup/school09.sql/ -B school

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /root/backup/

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

systemctl stop mysqld
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
innobackupex --copy-back /root/backup/2023-03-28_18-31-22/
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/*
systemctl restart mysqld