数据库备份,数据库为school,素材如下
1.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL,
sex VARCHAR(4) CHARACTER SET utf8,
birth YEAR ,
department VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8,
address VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8);
创建score表。SQL代码如下:
CREATE TABLE score ( id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) CHARACTER SET utf8,
grade INT(10) );
2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
3.备份数据库school到/backup目录
mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --default-character-set=utf8 -B school > ~/backup/school02.sql
4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式,能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'123456' school > ~/backup/school03.sql
5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school -B | gzip > school04.sql.gz
6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school student > school.student05.sql
7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库(其他数据库素材自行准备)
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school school2 -B > school06.sql
8.仅仅备份数据库结构
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -d -uroot -p'123456' school > school07.sql
9.备份服务器上所有数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -A > ~/backup/school08.sql
10.还原MySQL数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql> drop database school;
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' < ~/backup/school02.sql
11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql> drop database school;
gunzip < /root/backup/school04.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'123456'
12.使用mydumper备份数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B school -S /tmp/mysql.sock -o /root/backup/school09.sql
13.使用mydumper恢复数据
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /root/backup/school09.sql/ -B school
12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /root/backup/
13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份
systemctl stop mysqld
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
innobackupex --copy-back /root/backup/2023-03-28_18-31-22/
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/*
systemctl restart mysqld