mktime函数详解

mktime 是一个 C 标准库中的函数,用于将结构体 struct tm 表示的时间转换为日历时间(即秒数)。

time_t mktime(struct tm *timeptr);

该函数接受一个指向 struct tm 结构体的指针,结构体包含了年、月、日、时、分、秒等时间信息。mktime 将这些时间信息转换为从 1970 年 1 月 1 日开始计算的秒数。

下面是一个简单的例子:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main() {
    struct tm timeinfo = {0};

    // 设置时间信息
    timeinfo.tm_year = 2022 - 1900;  // 年份需要减去 1900
    timeinfo.tm_mon = 9 - 1;         // 月份从 0 开始,所以 9 表示十月
    timeinfo.tm_mday = 10;           // 日期
    timeinfo.tm_hour = 12;           // 小时
    timeinfo.tm_min = 30;            // 分钟
    timeinfo.tm_sec = 0;             // 秒

    // 调用 mktime 转换为时间戳
    time_t timestamp = mktime(&timeinfo);

    printf("Timestamp: %ld\n", timestamp);

    return 0;
}

在这个例子中,我们首先初始化了一个 struct tm 结构体 timeinfo,然后设置了其中的年、月、日、时、分、秒等时间信息。最后,使用 mktime 函数将结构体转换为时间戳,并打印结果。注意在设置年份时,需要将年份减去 1900,因为 struct tm 中的年份表示从 1900 年开始的年数。同样,月份从 0 开始计数。

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static __time64_t __cdecl _make__time64_t ( struct tm *tb, int ultflag ) { __time64_t tmptm1, tmptm2, tmptm3; struct tm tbtemp; long dstbias = 0; long timezone = 0; _VALIDATE_RETURN( ( tb != NULL ), EINVAL, ( ( __time64_t )( -1 ) ) ) /* * First, make sure tm_year is reasonably close to being in range. */ if ( ((tmptm1 = tb->tm_year) < _BASE_YEAR - 1) || (tmptm1 > _MAX_YEAR64 + 1) ) goto err_mktime; /* * Adjust month value so it is in the range 0 - 11. This is because * we don't know how many days are in months 12, 13, 14, etc. */ if ( (tb->tm_mon < 0) || (tb->tm_mon > 11) ) { tmptm1 += (tb->tm_mon / 12); if ( (tb->tm_mon %= 12) < 0 ) { tb->tm_mon += 12; tmptm1--; } /* * Make sure year count is still in range. */ if ( (tmptm1 < _BASE_YEAR - 1) || (tmptm1 > _MAX_YEAR64 + 1) ) goto err_mktime; } /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed years *****/ /* * Calculate days elapsed minus one, in the given year, to the given * month. Check for leap year and adjust if necessary. */ tmptm2 = _days[tb->tm_mon]; if ( _IS_LEAP_YEAR(tmptm1) && (tb->tm_mon > 1) ) tmptm2++; /* * Calculate elapsed days since base date (midnight, 1/1/70, UTC) * * * 365 days for each elapsed year since 1970, plus one more day for * each elapsed leap year. no danger of overflow because of the range * check (above) on tmptm1. */ tmptm3 = (tmptm1 - _BASE_YEAR) * 365 + _ELAPSED_LEAP_YEARS(tmptm1); /* * elapsed days to current month (still no possible overflow) */ tmptm3 += tmptm2; /* * elapsed days to current date. */ tmptm1 = tmptm3 + (tmptm2 = (__time64_t)(tb->tm_mday)); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed days *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed hours since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 24; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_hour); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed hours *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed minutes since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 60; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_min); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed minutes *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed seconds since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 60; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_sec); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed seconds *****/ if ( ultflag ) { /* * Adjust for timezone. No need to check for overflow since * localtime() will check its arg value */ __tzset(); _ERRCHECK(_get_dstbias(&dstbias;)); _ERRCHECK(_get_timezone(&timezone;)); tmptm1 += timezone; /* * Convert this second count back into a time block structure. * If localtime returns NULL, return an error. */ if ( _localtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0 ) goto err_mktime; /* * Now must compensate for DST. The ANSI rules are to use the * passed-in tm_isdst flag if it is non-negative. Otherwise, * compute if DST applies. Recall that tbtemp has the time without * DST compensation, but has set tm_isdst correctly. */ if ( (tb->tm_isdst > 0) || ((tb->tm_isdst < 0) && (tbtemp.tm_isdst > 0)) ) { tmptm1 += dstbias; if ( _localtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0 ) goto err_mktime; } } else { if ( _gmtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0) goto err_mktime; } /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed seconds, adjusted *****/ /***** for local time if requested *****/ *tb = tbtemp; return tmptm1; err_mktime: /* * All errors come to here */ errno = EINVAL; return (__time64_t)(-1); }

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