ospf综合实验-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_57304642/article/details/136244833

文章目录

一、实验拓扑图及要求
- 1.拓扑图
- 2.要求
二、根据题意搭建拓扑
三、实验配置

一、实验拓扑图及要求

1.拓扑图

请添加图片描述

2.要求

R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址；R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；
所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
全网可达

二、根据题意搭建拓扑

请添加图片描述

三、实验配置

1）IP配置：

[R1]in l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
[R1]in g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
 
[R2]in l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24
[R2]in g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
 
[R3]in l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24
[R3]in g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
[R3]in g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 34.0.0.1 24
 
[R4]in l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip ad 4.4.4.4 24
[R4-LoopBack0]in g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]in g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]in g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
 
[R5]in l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
[R5-LoopBack0]in g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
 
[R6]in l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[R6-LoopBack0]in g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.1 29
 
[R7]in l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[R7-LoopBack0]in g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29
 
[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[r8]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
[r8]int LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
 
[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
[r9]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[r9]int LoopBack 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
 
[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[r10]int LoopBack 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
 
[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29
[r11]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29
[r11]int LoopBack 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
 
[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
[r12]int LoopBack 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.162.1 24
[r12]int LoopBack 1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.163.1 24

2）静态[缺省路由]：

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 43.0.0.2
[R5]ip rou 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
[R6]ip rou 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
[R7]ip rou 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2

3）构建MGRE环境：

A、中心站点R3：

[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

B、分枝：

[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/1
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 
[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/2
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 
[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet4/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register

C、查看NHRP邻居表：

更改tunnel接口网络类型和dr等级干涉选举：

[R3]in t0/0/0
[R3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
 
[R5]in t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net b
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr 0

4）配置[OSPF]和RIP：

Area0：

[r3]ospf 1 
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
 
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
 
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q

Area1：

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q

Area2:

[r6]ospf 1 
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0

Area3:

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net	
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0

Area4:

[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
 
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[rip]:

[r12]rip
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]net	
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

注意：此时rip的宣告因为是按主类宣告，所以也会将172.16.65.10宣告进rip网络

5）将rip和area 4重发布到ospf中:

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2 
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

6）因为进程2中无法将进程1中所学习的路由表转发到area4中和R10，故需要在R9上发一条他的缺省给R10（该缺省为稍后的特殊区域设置后所生成）

[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

7）OSPF路由汇总：

查看R5的路由表：

只需要在各区域间的路由器上进行汇总。

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
 
[r7]ospf 1	
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
 
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

配置空接口防环：

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

再查看R5路由表：

发现多了一条本该汇总到172.16.64.0/19的172.16.65.8/29路由，这是由rip重发布进来的。汇总之前该路由是域间路由，而汇总后变为了域外路由，是因为汇总之前相同网段的域间路由的优先级高于域外路由，所以学习域间路由，而汇总后汇总的网段就变了，就学习到了该域外路由。该路由会在后面做完特殊区域后消失。

8）特殊区域：

area1的完全末梢区域：

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

R1的lsdb表和rout表：

area2的完全NSSA：

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
 
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

R11的lsdb表和rout表：

area3的完全NSSA：

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 
[r9]ospf 1 
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

查看R8的lsdb表和rout表：

9）配置NAT访问公网：

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

访问测试（ping）

实现全网可达

10）扩展：认证：

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456