0110.Kubeadm.安装k8s1.28

1. 环境准备

1. 操作系统rocky linux 9.3
2. K8S1.28
K8S集群角色IP主机名安装的组件
控制节点192.168.8.21k8s-master01apiserver、controller-manager、schedule、etcd、kube-proxy、容器运行时
工作节点192.168.8.22k8s-node01Kube-proxy、calico、coredns、容器运行时、kubelet
工作节点192.168.8.23k8s-node01Kube-proxy、calico、coredns、容器运行时、kubelet

2. 环境搭建

2.1 rocky-k8s-template 网络和主机名配置

# rocky-k8s-template
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl hostname rocky-k8s-template && bash
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl is-active network.service 
inactive
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.20/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# reboot
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# ip add show | grep -i ens160
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 192.168.8.20/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection
[connection]
id=ens160
uuid=435a1f8b-75a9-38c2-ba68-ee4de06d45cb
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens160
timestamp=1705154755

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.8.20/24,192.168.8.2
dns=8.8.8.8;
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64
method=auto

[proxy]
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.2 配置hosts文件

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo "192.168.8.21 k8s-master01 
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01 
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02 " >> /etc/hosts
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.8.21 k8s-master01 
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01 
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.3 关闭swap分区,提升性能

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab  
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 11 08:20:26 2024
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=dbc0d512-4e18-4e58-b225-07fd8c9f929f /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rl-home     /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
#/dev/mapper/rl-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.4 修改机器内核参数

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.5 关闭firewalld 和 Selinux

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl --now disable firewalld
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service".
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service".
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl is-active firewalld.service 
inactive
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# reboot 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# getenforce 
Disabled
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.6 配置阿里云源和安装基本软件包

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-*.repo
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-addons.repo
[highavailability]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
countme=1
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9

[highavailability-debug]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability - Debug
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever-debug$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/debug/tree/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
metadata_expire=6h
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Rocky-9

[highavailability-source]
name=Rocky Linux $releasever - High Availability - Source
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.rockylinux.org/mirrorlist?arch=source&repo=HighAvailability-$releasever-source$rltype
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/HighAvailability/source/tree/
--更多--(21%)

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf makecache 
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS                                                                             2.2 kB/s | 4.1 kB     00:01    
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS                                                                             313 kB/s | 2.2 MB     00:07    
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream                                                                          1.3 MB/s | 7.4 MB     00:05    
Rocky Linux 9 - Extras                                                                             1.8 kB/s |  14 kB     00:07    
元数据缓存已建立。
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

# 直接装就行了
dnf install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils
dnf install -y lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel 
dnf install -y curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim 
dnf install -y ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel  python-devel epel-release 
dnf install -y openssh-server socat  ipvsadm conntrack telnet ipvsadm yum-utils
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
添加仓库自:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.7 配置安装k8s组件需要的阿里云repo源

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.8 配置时间同步

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install -y chrony
Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                                           16 kB/s |  33 kB     00:02    
Kubernetes                                                                                         287  B/s | 454  B     00:01    
Kubernetes                                                                                         473  B/s | 2.6 kB     00:05    
导入 GPG 公钥 0x13EDEF05:
 Userid: "Rapture Automatic Signing Key (cloud-rapture-signing-key-2022-03-07-08_01_01.pub)"
 指纹: A362 B822 F6DE DC65 2817 EA46 B53D C80D 13ED EF05
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入 GPG 公钥 0xDC6315A3:
 Userid: "Artifact Registry Repository Signer <artifact-registry-repository-signer@google.com>"
 指纹: 35BA A0B3 3E9E B396 F59C A838 C0BA 5CE6 DC63 15A3
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
Kubernetes                                                                                         1.1 kB/s | 975  B     00:00    
导入 GPG 公钥 0x3E1BA8D5:
 Userid: "Google Cloud Packages RPM Signing Key <gc-team@google.com>"
 指纹: 3749 E1BA 95A8 6CE0 5454 6ED2 F09C 394C 3E1B A8D5
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
Kubernetes                                                                                          88 kB/s | 182 kB     00:02    
软件包 chrony-4.3-1.el9.x86_64 已安装。
依赖关系解决。
无需任何处理。
完毕!
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# head -n 5 /etc/chrony.conf 
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (https://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst

# Use NTP servers from DHCP.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.9 安装并配置contarinerd服务

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install  containerd.io-1.6.6 -y
上次元数据过期检查:0:05:16 前,执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
 软件包                          架构                     版本                            仓库                                大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
 containerd.io                   x86_64                   1.6.6-3.1.el9                   docker-ce-stable                    32 M

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载:32 M
安装大小:125 M
下载软件包:
containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                             3.6 MB/s |  32 MB     00:08    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                               3.6 MB/s |  32 MB     00:08     
Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                                          2.2 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
导入 GPG 公钥 0x621E9F35:
 Userid: "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 指纹: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
导入公钥成功
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                    1/1 
  安装    : containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 
  运行脚本: containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 
  验证    : containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 

已安装:
  containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el9.x86_64                                                                                               

完毕!
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# mkdir -p /etc/containerd
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
把SystemdCgroup = false修改成SystemdCgroup = true
把sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"修改成sandbox_image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable containerd  --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml 
    config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# mkdir /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/ -p
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml
#写入如下内容:
[host."https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com",host."https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull","push"]
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart containerd
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.10 安装docker

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install  docker-ce  -y
上次元数据过期检查:0:16:58 前,执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
 软件包                                  架构                 版本                            仓库                            大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
 docker-ce                               x86_64               3:24.0.7-1.el9                  docker-ce-stable                24 M
安装依赖关系:
 docker-ce-cli                           x86_64               1:24.0.7-1.el9                  docker-ce-stable               7.1 M
安装弱的依赖:
 docker-buildx-plugin                    x86_64               0.11.2-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable                13 M
 docker-ce-rootless-extras               x86_64               24.0.7-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable               3.9 M
 docker-compose-plugin                   x86_64               2.21.0-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable                13 M

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装  5 软件包

总下载:60 M
安装大小:252 M
下载软件包:
(1/5): docker-ce-cli-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                       786 kB/s | 7.1 MB     00:09    
(2/5): docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                997 kB/s |  13 MB     00:13    
(3/5): docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                           642 kB/s | 3.9 MB     00:06    
(4/5): docker-ce-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                           1.1 MB/s |  24 MB     00:20    
(5/5): docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                               1.6 MB/s |  13 MB     00:08    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                               2.8 MB/s |  60 MB     00:21     
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                    1/1 
  安装    : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          1/5 
  运行脚本: docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          1/5 
  安装    : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           2/5 
  运行脚本: docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           2/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    5/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    5/5 
  验证    : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           1/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    2/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  验证    : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          5/5 

已安装:
  docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64        docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64             docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64  
  docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64   docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64  

完毕!
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable docker --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo '{
 "registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
 "registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","
https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.
com"]
}
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart docker

2.11 安装初始化K8s软件包

[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install  docker-ce  -y
上次元数据过期检查:0:16:58 前,执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 22时59分52秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
 软件包                                  架构                 版本                            仓库                            大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
 docker-ce                               x86_64               3:24.0.7-1.el9                  docker-ce-stable                24 M
安装依赖关系:
 docker-ce-cli                           x86_64               1:24.0.7-1.el9                  docker-ce-stable               7.1 M
安装弱的依赖:
 docker-buildx-plugin                    x86_64               0.11.2-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable                13 M
 docker-ce-rootless-extras               x86_64               24.0.7-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable               3.9 M
 docker-compose-plugin                   x86_64               2.21.0-1.el9                    docker-ce-stable                13 M

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装  5 软件包

总下载:60 M
安装大小:252 M
下载软件包:
(1/5): docker-ce-cli-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                       786 kB/s | 7.1 MB     00:09    
(2/5): docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                997 kB/s |  13 MB     00:13    
(3/5): docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                           642 kB/s | 3.9 MB     00:06    
(4/5): docker-ce-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                           1.1 MB/s |  24 MB     00:20    
(5/5): docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm                                               1.6 MB/s |  13 MB     00:08    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                               2.8 MB/s |  60 MB     00:21     
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                    1/1 
  安装    : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          1/5 
  运行脚本: docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          1/5 
  安装    : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           2/5 
  运行脚本: docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           2/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  安装    : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    5/5 
  运行脚本: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    5/5 
  验证    : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64                                                                           1/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                    2/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  验证    : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64                                                                      4/5 
  验证    : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64                                                                          5/5 

已安装:
  docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el9.x86_64        docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64             docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64  
  docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el9.x86_64   docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el9.x86_64  

完毕!
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable docker --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# echo '{
 "registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
 "registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","
https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.
com"]
}
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# dnf install -y kubelet-1.28.1 kubeadm-1.28.1 kubectl-1.28.1
上次元数据过期检查:0:02:16 前,执行于 2024年01月13日 星期六 23时17分45秒。
依赖关系解决。
===================================================================================================================================
 软件包                             架构                       版本                           仓库                            大小
===================================================================================================================================
安装:
 kubeadm                            x86_64                     1.28.1-0                       kubernetes                      11 M
 kubectl                            x86_64                     1.28.1-0                       kubernetes                      11 M
 kubelet                            x86_64                     1.28.1-0                       kubernetes                      21 M
安装依赖关系:
 cri-tools                          x86_64                     1.26.0-0                       kubernetes                     8.6 M
 kubernetes-cni                     x86_64                     1.2.0-0                        kubernetes                      17 M

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
安装  5 软件包

总下载:68 M
安装大小:290 M
下载软件包:
(1/5): 3f5ba2b53701ac9102ea7c7ab2ca6616a8cd5966591a77577585fde1c434ef74-cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64. 1.0 MB/s | 8.6 MB     00:08    
(2/5): 2e9cd5948c00117eb7bb23870ecc7c550c63bebe9d7e96c2879727a96f16d9f3-kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 906 kB/s |  11 MB     00:12    
(3/5): 29fac258a278e5eceae13f53eb196fb17f29c5d4df1f130b79070efdf1d44ded-kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 902 kB/s |  11 MB     00:12    
(4/5): e4eb1fb2afc8e3bf3701b8c2d1e1aff5d1b6112c4993f4068d9eb4058c5394a1-kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64.rp 2.0 MB/s |  21 MB     00:10    
(5/5): 0f2a2afd740d476ad77c508847bad1f559afc2425816c1f2ce4432a62dfe0b9d-kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86 1.4 MB/s |  17 MB     00:11    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                               2.8 MB/s |  68 MB     00:24     
Kubernetes                                                                                         3.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:00    
导入 GPG 公钥 0x13EDEF05:
 Userid: "Rapture Automatic Signing Key (cloud-rapture-signing-key-2022-03-07-08_01_01.pub)"
 指纹: A362 B822 F6DE DC65 2817 EA46 B53D C80D 13ED EF05
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
导入 GPG 公钥 0xDC6315A3:
 Userid: "Artifact Registry Repository Signer <artifact-registry-repository-signer@google.com>"
 指纹: 35BA A0B3 3E9E B396 F59C A838 C0BA 5CE6 DC63 15A3
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
Kubernetes                                                                                         1.2 kB/s | 975  B     00:00    
导入 GPG 公钥 0x3E1BA8D5:
 Userid: "Google Cloud Packages RPM Signing Key <gc-team@google.com>"
 指纹: 3749 E1BA 95A8 6CE0 5454 6ED2 F09C 394C 3E1B A8D5
 来自: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
导入公钥成功
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                    1/1 
  安装    : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64                                                                                      1/5 
  安装    : kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            2/5 
  安装    : kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            3/5 
  安装    : cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64                                                                                          4/5 
  安装    : kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            5/5 
  运行脚本: kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            5/5 
  验证    : cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64                                                                                          1/5 
  验证    : kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            2/5 
  验证    : kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            3/5 
  验证    : kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64                                                                                            4/5 
  验证    : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64                                                                                      5/5 

已安装:
  cri-tools-1.26.0-0.x86_64 kubeadm-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubectl-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubelet-1.28.1-0.x86_64 kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-0.x86_64

完毕!
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# 

2.12 模版制作完成

做好快照
链接克隆k8s-master01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机

2.13 个性化修改k8s-master01

1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-keygen  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xT2LsFhmujlLh5G9hdby6GrA5nSBSw0NNEIbrKBxU4E root@k8s-master01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| o++*+           |
|o E+...  . .     |
|o+.. +  = o o    |
|o   o oO * . o   |
|   o .=.S + .    |
|    * .* *       |
|   + o* + .      |
|    ...=         |
|     .o..        |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-master01
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-master01 (192.168.8.21)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-node01
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-master01's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'k8s-master01'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# reboot
# 做快照

2.14 个性化修改k8s-node01

1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-node01 && bash
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.22/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-keygen  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:qhxs57BvQwFGEOj+8tOI6mZcVliW7CZ4w66o9a/zjUQ root@k8s-node01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| .o+o .          |
|.   o=           |
|. o.=.           |
| o * +.          |
|. o = E.S        |
| . = ...         |
|o B B.+          |
|.O B.Xoo         |
|O.o.BB*..        |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node01
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-node01 (192.168.8.22)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-node01's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'k8s-node01'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# reboot
# 做快照

2.15 个性化修改k8s-node02

1. 修改主机名、ip、配置主机间免密登录
[root@rocky-k8s-template ~]# hostnamectl hostname k8s-node02 && bash
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.23/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nRI3t0tgIpB3lhn+U9Gd1pxEsYWoz7jg31uybJEWM74 root@k8s-node02
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|    ..  .+  .ooB*|
|    ....=   ..o+*|
|     ..o+ =.o .. |
|       . B.*+.   |
|        S ==o=   |
|        ...oB.   |
|       . . ooo.  |
|        . .oE+   |
|         ...=.   |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node02
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'k8s-node02 (192.168.8.23)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@k8s-node02's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'k8s-node02'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# reboot
# 做快照

2.16 kubeadm 初始化k8s集群

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim kubeadm.yaml 
#修改一下配置
 advertiseAddress: 192.168.8.21
   criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock  #指定containerd容器运行时
 name: k8s-master01
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1
#添加这个
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim kubeadm.yaml 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
W0114 00:36:01.648821    2721 checks.go:835] detected that the sandbox image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7" of the container runtime is inconsistent with that used by kubeadm. It is recommended that using "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9" as the CRI sandbox image.
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.8.21]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.8.21 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.8.21 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 16.505449 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   18m   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

2.17 扩容k8s集群-添加第一个工作节点

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification 
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   22m   v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   <none>          68s   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=worknode
node/k8s-node01 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   28m     v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   work            6m54s   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

2.18 扩容k8s集群-添加第二个工作节点

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification 
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node02 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=worknode
node/k8s-node02 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   28m     v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   work            6m54s   v1.28.1
k8s-node02     NotReady   work            3m46s   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

在这里插入图片描述

2.19 安装kubernetes网络组件Calico

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
coredns-6554b8b87f-2zv9c               0/1     Pending   0             36m
coredns-6554b8b87f-9cv9c               0/1     Pending   0             36m
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   1 (22m ago)   36m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   1 (22m ago)   36m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   1 (22m ago)   36m
kube-proxy-6d7dr                       1/1     Running   0             12m
kube-proxy-br956                       1/1     Running   1 (22m ago)   36m
kube-proxy-rdh9g                       1/1     Running   0             15m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   1 (22m ago)   36m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   11h
kube-node-lease   Active   11h
kube-public       Active   11h
kube-system       Active   11h
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 


# 官⽹地址:https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
namespace/tigera-operator created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpfilters.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/apiservers.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/imagesets.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/installations.operator.tigera.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/tigerastatuses.operator.tigera.io created
serviceaccount/tigera-operator created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tigera-operator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tigera-operator created
deployment.apps/tigera-operator created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ls
 公共   模板   视频   图片   文档   下载   音乐   桌面   anaconda-ks.cfg   calico.yaml   kubeadm.yaml  'New Folder'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   11h
kube-node-lease   Active   11h
kube-public       Active   11h
kube-system       Active   11h
tigera-operator   Active   84s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n tigera-operator
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
tigera-operator-55585899bf-gq5lq   1/1     Running   0          6m15s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml 
--2024-01-14 12:27:14--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
正在解析主机 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.109.133, 185.199.110.133, 185.199.108.133, ...
正在连接 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.109.133|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:810 [text/plain]
正在保存至: “custom-resources.yaml”

custom-resources.yaml            100%[=========================================================>]     810  --.-KB/s  用时 0s      

2024-01-14 12:27:21 (1.61 MB/s) - 已保存 “custom-resources.yaml” [810/810])

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp custom-resources.yaml custom-resources.yaml.bak
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim custom-resources.yaml 
#更改以下内容
     cidr: 10.244.0.0/16  # 更改
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml
installation.operator.tigera.io/default created
apiserver.operator.tigera.io/default created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
calico-system     Active   15s
default           Active   11h
kube-node-lease   Active   11h
kube-public       Active   11h
kube-system       Active   11h
tigera-operator   Active   51m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
     

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp calico.yaml root@192.168.8.22:~/
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.22 (192.168.8.22)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-master01
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.22' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.8.22's password: 
calico.yaml                                                                                      100%  239KB  26.3MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp calico.yaml root@192.168.8.23:~/
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.23 (192.168.8.23)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:yiAsdeU/IZl0MnnicAdE9OYKCRLeQ1yUFt1J8yKrAfo.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: k8s-master01
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:4: 192.168.8.22
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.23' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.8.23's password: 
calico.yaml                                                                                      100%  239KB  29.1MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-cni-plugin created
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpfilters.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

#* 注意需要良好的网络: 不然可能需要很久才能成功,多等一会儿
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS                  RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-846b7b4574-fs4kk   0/1     ContainerCreating       0          85s
calico-node-gcxdz                          0/1     Init:ErrImagePull       0          85s
calico-node-mp7gb                          0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          85s
calico-node-nl4jx                          0/1     Init:0/2                0          85s
calico-typha-76977b894c-c2dg2              0/1     ImagePullBackOff        0          85s
calico-typha-76977b894c-tgrmx              0/1     ErrImagePull            0          82s
csi-node-driver-27rll                      0/2     ContainerCreating       0          85s
csi-node-driver-4cz4t                      0/2     ContainerCreating       0          85s
csi-node-driver-zprng                      0/2     ContainerCreating       0          85s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
coredns-6554b8b87f-2zv9c               1/1     Running   1 (84m ago)   13h
coredns-6554b8b87f-9cv9c               1/1     Running   1 (84m ago)   13h
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   3 (84m ago)   13h
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   3 (84m ago)   13h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   4 (84m ago)   13h
kube-proxy-6d7dr                       1/1     Running   2 (84m ago)   12h
kube-proxy-br956                       1/1     Running   3 (84m ago)   13h
kube-proxy-rdh9g                       1/1     Running   2 (84m ago)   12h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   4 (84m ago)   13h
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-node-kkgmc   1/1     Running   0          9m11s
kube-system   calico-node-wvds9   1/1     Running   0          9m11s
kube-system   calico-node-zqgkw   1/1     Running   0          9m11s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

在这里插入图片描述

2.20 master节点安装Dashboard

# 我的主节点解析端口,访问不到,这里采用node1节点scp过去
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
The connection to the server raw.githubusercontent.com was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# wget --no-check-certificate  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
--2024-01-14 13:57:42--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
正在解析主机 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.110.133, 185.199.111.133, 185.199.108.133, ...
正在连接 raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.110.133|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:7621 (7.4K) [text/plain]
正在保存至: “recommended.yaml”

recommended.yaml                 100%[=========================================================>]   7.44K  3.77KB/s  用时 2.0s    

2024-01-14 13:57:47 (3.77 KB/s) - 已保存 “recommended.yaml” [7621/7621])

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# scp recommended.yaml root@192.168.8.21:~/
recommended.yaml                                                                                 100% 7621     4.2MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n  kubernetes-dashboard -o wide
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE    IP              NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-zqqrv   1/1     Running   1 (89s ago)   5m7s   10.244.85.194   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-78f87ddfc-rlm7c         1/1     Running   0             5m7s   10.244.58.194   k8s-node02   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   ClusterIP   10.99.254.186   <none>        443/TCP   4m44s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 


[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard
 # 改这条语句type: NodePort
service/kubernetes-dashboard edited
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.97.79.12   <none>        443:31746/TCP   14m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl 10.99.254.115:443
Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server.
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.99.254.115   <none>        443:30850/TCP   2m59s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin-rb created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.99.254.115   <none>        443:30850/TCP   2m59s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin-rb created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

在这里插入图片描述

没有得到令牌用下面这种方法

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-sa
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard' >> dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin-sa created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-sa.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-sa
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-token
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token' >> dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
The Secret "dashboard-admin-token" is invalid: metadata.annotations[kubernetes.io/service-account.name]: Required value
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-token.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-token
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim dashboard-admin-token.yaml 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
secret/dashboard-admin-token created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret dashboard-admin-token -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" | base64 --decode)
echo $TOKEN
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkpyT29ObFhKUzNiVF9tMTBMcF81WE52QUhjYVpPWGQwTnk0UFFVeUZDWDAifQ.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.NkUajc7zmilZkQbjFCzO_3XyfcooB9xeQz64VwI7qwne7ZNmHrrvM8CTstoezFFYgpbHYAzfKpnPIcRi46910FG02KVhxIDE8D9jZI3syOdchVox3iMoTgVp3nMPQV1ILIdRiS7sheEFsTJEkIznRdCkaPajC7NmdIIRce5X77d86Iye6FTOIFNkATnViaELk11TzeU288PEMjfc8WT8yjUc75pWBqCxADgyZU1jCyXfJcR5lRMMQCmc89kpbAL2uMSP44buFLX6t4jGELBIlqlJQ7wqrgBzKmFuEmbf0X2SbylkYM46n7pq8eBttOyg_7SMz52wj4weWru3pZ78w
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

在这里插入图片描述

2.21 部署consul注册中心

2.21.1 先拉取镜像

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crictl images
                                                                           
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# crictl images

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# crictl images

2.21.2 创建所需文件夹

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
[root@k8s-k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p /consul/data

2.21.3 创建命名空间

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create namespace public-service

2.21.4 创建yaml文件

参考文档: https://blog.csdn.net/WuLex/article/details/127738998

# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim public-service-ns.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: public-service
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim consul-client.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: consul-client-config
  namespace: public-service
data:

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: consul
  namespace: public-service
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: consul
      component: client
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: consul
        component: client
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: "component"
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - client
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: consul
        image: consul:1.11.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8500
          name: http
        - containerPort: 8600
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 8600
          name: dns-udp
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 8301
          name: serflan
        - containerPort: 8302
          name: serfwan
        - containerPort: 8300
          name: server
        env:
        - name: POD_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIP
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - "agent"
        - "-advertise=$(POD_IP)"
        - "-bind=0.0.0.0"
        - "-datacenter=dc1"
        - "-config-dir=/consul/userconfig"
        - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
        - "-disable-host-node-id=true"
        - "-domain=cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-client=0.0.0.0"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "50m"
            memory: "32Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "50m"
            memory: "32Mi"
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - consul leave
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /consul/data
        - name: user-config
          mountPath: /consul/userconfig
      volumes:
      - name: user-config
        configMap:
          name: consul-client-config
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1000

#  volumeClaimTemplates:
#  - metadata:
#      name: data
#    spec:
#      accessModes:
#        - ReadWriteMany
#      storageClassName: "gluster-heketi-2"
#      resources:
#        requests:
#          storage: 10Gi
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim consul-server.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: consul
  namespace: public-service
spec:
  rules:
    - host: 192.168.8.21
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: consul-ui
              servicePort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: consul-ui
  namespace: public-service
  labels:
    app: consul
    component: server
spec:
  selector:
    app: consul
    component: server
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8500
      
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: consul-dns
  namespace: public-service
  labels:
    app: consul
    component: dns
spec:
  selector:
    app: consul
  ports:
    - name: dns-tcp
      protocol: TCP
      port: 53
      targetPort: dns-tcp
    - name: dns-udp
      protocol: UDP
      port: 53
      targetPort: dns-udp
      
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: consul-server
  namespace: public-service
  labels:
    app: consul
    component: server
spec:
  selector:
    app: consul
    component: server
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 8500
      targetPort: 8500
    - name: dns-tcp
      protocol: TCP
      port: 8600
      targetPort: dns-tcp
    - name: dns-udp
      protocol: "UDP"
      port: 8600
      targetPort: dns-udp
    - name: serflan-tcp
      protocol: TCP
      port: 8301
      targetPort: 8301
    - name: serflan-udp
      protocol: UDP
      port: 8301
      targetPort: 8302
    - name: serfwan-tcp
      protocol: TCP
      port: 8302
      targetPort: 8302
    - name: serfwan-udp
      protocol: UDP
      port: 8302
      targetPort: 8302
    - name: server
      port: 8300
      targetPort: 8300
  publishNotReadyAddresses: true
  clusterIP: None
      
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: consul-server-config
  namespace: public-service
data:

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
  name: consul-server
  namespace: public-service
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: consul
      component: server
  minAvailable: 2
  
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: consul-server
  namespace: public-service
spec:
  serviceName: consul-server
  replicas: 3
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: consul
      component: server
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: consul
        component: server
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: "component"
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - server
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: consul
        image: consul:1.11.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8500
          name: http
        - containerPort: 8600
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 8600
          name: dns-udp
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 8301
          name: serflan
        - containerPort: 8302
          name: serfwan
        - containerPort: 8300
          name: server
        env:
        - name: POD_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIP
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - "agent"
        - "-server"
        - "-advertise=$(POD_IP)"
        - "-bind=0.0.0.0"
        - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
        - "-datacenter=dc1"
        - "-config-dir=/consul/userconfig"
        - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
        - "-disable-host-node-id"
        - "-domain=cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-0.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-1.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-retry-join=consul-server-2.consul-server.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
        - "-client=0.0.0.0"
        - "-ui"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "128Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "128Mi"
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - consul leave
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /consul/data
        - name: user-config
          mountPath: /consul/userconfig
      volumes:
      - name: user-config
        configMap:
          name: consul-server-config
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1000
        
#  volumeClaimTemplates:
#  - metadata:
#      name: data
#    spec:
#      accessModes:
#        - ReadWriteMany
#      storageClassName: "gluster-heketi-2"
#      resources:
#        requests:
#          storage: 10Gi
# 在k8s-master01节点上 vim stafulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: consul
spec:
  serviceName: consul
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: consul
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: consul
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      volumes:
        - name: data-volume
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: consul-data-pvc
        - name: config-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      containers:
      - name: consul
        image: consul:1.11.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
          - "agent"
          - "-server"
          - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
          - "-ui"
          - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
          - "-bind=0.0.0.0"
          - "-client=0.0.0.0"
          - "-retry-join=consul-0.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
          - "-retry-join=consul-1.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
          - "-retry-join=consul-2.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
          - "-domain=cluster.local"
          - "-disable-host-node-id"
        env:
          - name: NAMESPACE
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        ports:
          - containerPort: 8500
            name: ui-port
          - containerPort: 8443
            name: https-port
        volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /consul/data
            name: data-volume
          - mountPath: /consul/userconfig
            name: config-volume
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8500
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          periodSeconds: 10
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8500
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          periodSeconds: 10
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: consul-ui
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: consul
    role: server 
  ports:
    - name: ui
      port: 8500
      targetPort: 8500
      nodePort: 30003 

2.21.5 加载yaml

# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl apply -f public-service-ns.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-server.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-client.yaml
kubectl apply -f stafulset.yaml

2.21.6 查看

# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl get pod -n public-service
kubectl get svc -n public-service
kubectl exec -n public-service consul-server-0 -- consul members

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 设置node1节点和node2节点也可以执行master01上面的管理命令

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.8.22:~/.kube/config
root@192.168.8.22's password: 
admin.conf                                                                                       100% 5648     4.4MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.8.23:~/.kube/config
root@192.168.8.23's password: 
admin.conf                                                                                       100% 5648     5.6MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# 

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# 

2.3 k9s工具的使用

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 24.0.7, build afdd53b
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker pull derailed/k9s
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from derailed/k9s
97518928ae5f: Pull complete 
4cc49068a57b: Pull complete 
7c5d7b7e79a7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2e0df2763f4c5bd52acfd02bb9c8158c91b8b748acbb7df890b9ee39dbeeb61
Status: Downloaded newer image for derailed/k9s:latest
docker.io/derailed/k9s:latest
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker run -it --rm   -v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config   derailed/k9s

在这里插入图片描述

3. 配置整理

3.1 网络地址和主机名配置

nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash

3.2 配置hosts文件

echo "192.168.8.21 k8s-master01 
192.168.8.22 k8s-node01 
192.168.8.23 k8s-node02 " >> /etc/hosts

3.3 关闭swap分区,提升性能

#临时关闭:
swapoff -a
#永久关闭:注释swap挂载,给swap这行开头加一下注释
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab  
或者
vim /etc/fstab   
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap      swap    defaults        0 0

3.4修改机器内核参数

modprobe br_netfilter

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

3.5 关闭firewalld 和 Selinux

systemctl --now disable firewalld
systemctl is-active firewalld.service
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
reoot
getenforce

3.6 配置阿里云源和安装基本软件包

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-*.repo
    

dnf makecache
dnf install -y device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils
dnf install -y lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel 
dnf install -y curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim 
dnf install -y ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel  python-devel epel-release 
dnf install -y openssh-server socat  ipvsadm conntrack telnet ipvsadm yum-utils

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

3.7 配置安装k8s组件需要的阿里云repo源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

参考链接:https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetesspm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.48031b11SVpN6F

3.8 配置时间同步

yum install -y chrony
vim /etc/chrony.conf
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

systemctl restart chronyd && systemctl enable chronyd

chronyc tracking

3.9 安装并配置contarinerd服务

yum install  containerd.io-1.6.6 -y
#生成配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml



#修改配置文件:
#打开/etc/containerd/config.toml
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
把SystemdCgroup = false修改成SystemdCgroup = true
把sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6"修改成sandbox_image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"
#创建/etc/crictl.yaml文件
cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
#配置 containerd 开机启动,并启动 containerd
systemctl enable containerd  --now
#配置containerd镜像加速器,k8s所有节点均按照以下配置:
    #编辑vim /etc/containerd/config.toml文件
    #找到config_path = "",修改成如下目录:
    config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"


mkdir /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/ -p
vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml
#写入如下内容:
[host."https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com",host."https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull","push"]

#重启containerd:
systemctl restart containerd

3.10 安装docker

#docker也要安装,docker跟containerd不冲突,安装docker是为了能基于dockerfile构建
dnf install  docker-ce  -y
systemctl enable docker --now

#配置docker镜像加速
echo '{
 "registry-mirrors":["https://ws81rcka.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://rncxm540.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}' > /etc/docker/daemon.json

#重启docker
systemctl restart docker

3.11 安装初始化K8s软件包

yum install -y kubelet-1.28.1 kubeadm-1.28.1 kubectl-1.28.1
systemctl enable kubelet

3.12 模版制作完成

做好快照
链接克隆k8s-master01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机
链接克隆k8s-node01节点虚拟机

3.13 个性化修改k8s-master01

1. 修改主机名、ip,配置主机间免密登录
hostnamectl hostname k8s-master01 && bash

nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.21/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

ssh-keygen  #一路回车,不输入密码

ssh-copy-id k8s-master01


#在master01节点上操作
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

#根据我们自己的需求修改配置,比如修改 imageRepository 的值,kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs,需要注意的是由于我们使用的containerd作为运行时,所以在初始化节点的时候需要指定cgroupDriver为systemd

kubeadm.yaml配置文件如下:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
。。。
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.153.21 #控制节点的ip
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock  #指定containerd容器运行时
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name:  k8s-master01 #控制节点主机名
  taints: null
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 指定阿里云镜像仓库地址,这样在安装k8s时,会自动从阿里云镜像仓库拉取镜像
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1 #k8s版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #指定pod网段, 需要新增加这个
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 #指定Service网段
scheduler: {}
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
#安装
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification

#配置kubectl的配置文件config,相当于对kubectl进行授权,这样kubectl命令可以使用这个证书对k8s集群进行管理
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   101m   v1.28.1

3.14 个性化修改k8s-node01

hostnamectl hostname k8s-node01 && bash

mcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.22/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

ssh-keygen  #一路回车,不输入密码

ssh-copy-id k8s-node01

3.15 个性化修改k8s-node02

hostnamectl hostname k8s-node02 && bash

mcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.8.23/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.8.2 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

ssh-keygen  #一路回车,不输入密码

ssh-copy-id k8s-node02

3.16 kubeadm 初始化k8s集群

#在master01节点上操作
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

#根据我们自己的需求修改配置,比如修改 imageRepository 的值,kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs,需要注意的是由于我们使用的containerd作为运行时,所以在初始化节点的时候需要指定cgroupDriver为systemd

kubeadm.yaml配置文件如下:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
。。。
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.8.21 #控制节点的ip
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock  #指定containerd容器运行时
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name:  k8s-master01 #控制节点主机名
  taints: null
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 指定阿里云镜像仓库地址,这样在安装k8s时,会自动从阿里云镜像仓库拉取镜像
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.28.1 #k8s版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #指定pod网段, 需要新增加这个
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 #指定Service网段
scheduler: {}
#增加如下配置
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
#安装
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification

#配置kubectl的配置文件config,相当于对kubectl进行授权,这样kubectl命令可以使用这个证书对k8s集群进行管理
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   101m   v1.28.1
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa 

3.17 扩容k8s集群-添加第一个工作节点

#master上查看加入节点命令
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa

#将node1加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token cb9i30.s9gpcklxol2ewz3j --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification 
#在master节点查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   107m   v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   <none>          13s    v1.28.1

#打上work标签
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work
node/k8s-node01 not labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   28m     v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   work            6m54s   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

3.18 扩容k8s集群-添加第二个工作节点

#步骤同上,先查看加入集群命令,在打上标签
#master上查看加入节点命令
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa

#将node1加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.8.21:6443 --token qtg3xo.yrzqc0weyrd4gfxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dd52fc0b3dc4caec737282930abd191b92ae7a96003b620b94cafaf3ea8700fa --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   108m   v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   work            93s    v1.28.1
k8s-node02     NotReady   <none>          7s     v1.28.1

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node02 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work
node/k8s-node02 labeled
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME           STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   control-plane   28m     v1.28.1
k8s-node01     NotReady   work            6m54s   v1.28.1
k8s-node02     NotReady   work            3m46s   v1.28.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 

3.19 安装kubernetes网络组件Calico

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get ns

推荐方法1.# 官⽹地址:https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart

# 直接
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

# 更新或安装GnuTLS库 
sudo yum update -y gnutls


kubectl get ns
kubectl get pods -n tigera-operator

修改文件
wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml 


cp custom-resources.yaml custom-resources.yaml.bak

vim custom-resources.yaml
# This section includes base Calico installation configuration.
# For more information, see: https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.Installation
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: Installation
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  # Configures Calico networking.
  calicoNetwork:
    # Note: The ipPools section cannot be modified post-install.
    ipPools:
    - blockSize: 26
      cidr: 10.244.0.0/16  # 更改
      encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
      natOutgoing: Enabled
      nodeSelector: all()

---

# This section configures the Calico API server.
# For more information, see: https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.APIServer
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: APIServer
metadata:
  name: default
spec: {}

kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml
kubectl get ns

3.20 master安装Dashboard

github网站: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases
国内gitcode: https://gitcode.com/kubernetes/dashboard

wget --no-check-certificate --secure-protocol=TLSv1_2 https://gitcode.net/mirrors/kubernetes/dashboard/-/raw/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

# maskter节点上Installation
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide

kubectl get pods -n  kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard

curl https://10.97.79.12:443

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard
 # 改这条语句type: NodePort
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.97.79.12   <none>        443:31746/TCP   14m
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 


创建访问用户,获取token
# 创建账号
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard

# 授权
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin

# 获取账号token
[root@master ~]#  kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2m35s

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-mfs2w
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 8f657592-6328-4884-bb8a-a50a2d277ed5

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlJCanJyMTluLWliRXF3aVA1LWRXcWtZbVlxdnhQa1Q5Y1EzT01nY3E1dGMifQ.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.s-g33KYjVWemyAccZ1zY6qNIrtBjuVPZ4bcDnyKiphkfvxD_dHhfljFY_OMGzNZcxanls9ujL_WlQ76au_lGzDrrIx2dRTw4gaHTnP3-c-lywn-deydOB5KC7Rgb7IRag8IShjWyqVSvImhW443Tf12CWEV3EhGx8pXUKrzx03Xytg-uuABbGSevQi1UXR31_iB15Jf_zKxeHcLZjffF8cEKyFPEKwSVFSNg_L3CwgcREGoB1GPplARrDeH0-Bm-x5kyoQljVHcR-KFdLFpnmnkI9p8TJR6Idrc3TP9-TF3xjX6z_W8Xccamz0gFgzi_6h2jvOTfVNTFUBN3ONRtnw
ca.crt:     1099 bytes
[root@master dashboard]# 

没有得到令牌用下面这种方法

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-sa
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard' >> dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-sa.yaml
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin-sa created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-sa.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-sa
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-token
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token' >> dashboard-admin-token.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
The Secret "dashboard-admin-token" is invalid: metadata.annotations[kubernetes.io/service-account.name]: Required value
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# more dashboard-admin-token.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-token
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim dashboard-admin-token.yaml 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin-token.yaml
secret/dashboard-admin-token created
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret dashboard-admin-token -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" | base64 --decode)
echo $TOKEN
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkpyT29ObFhKUzNiVF9tMTBMcF81WE52QUhjYVpPWGQwTnk0UFFVeUZDWDAifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm9hcmQtYWRtaW4tdG9rZW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoiZGFzaGJvYXJkLWFkbWluLXNhIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQudWlkIjoiN2U4MjQ0ZjYtZGJjNC00ZTJjLTkzNjctMTJlNDRmOWZhYTBjIiwic3ViIjoic3lzdGVtOnNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Omt1YmVybmV0ZXMtZGFzaGJvYXJkOmRhc2hib2FyZC1hZG1pbi1zYSJ9.NkUajc7zmilZkQbjFCzO_3XyfcooB9xeQz64VwI7qwne7ZNmHrrvM8CTstoezFFYgpbHYAzfKpnPIcRi46910FG02KVhxIDE8D9jZI3syOdchVox3iMoTgVp3nMPQV1ILIdRiS7sheEFsTJEkIznRdCkaPajC7NmdIIRce5X77d86Iye6FTOIFNkATnViaELk11TzeU288PEMjfc8WT8yjUc75pWBqCxADgyZU1jCyXf-JcR5lRMMQCmc89kpbAL2uMSP44buFLX6t4jGELBIlqlJQ7wqrgBzKmFuEmbf0X2SbylkYM46n7pq8eBttOyg_7SMz52wj4weWru3pZ78w
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#

3.21 部署consul注册中心

crictl pull docker.io/library/consul:1.11.1
crictl images

mkdir -p /consul/userconfig
mkdir -p /consul/data

kubectl create namespace public-service

# yaml 文件配置
参考文档: https://blog.csdn.net/WuLex/article/details/127738998
vim  public-service-ns.yaml
vim  consul-server.yaml
vim  consul-client.yaml
vim  stafulset.yaml

# 
# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl apply -f public-service-ns.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-server.yaml
kubectl apply -f consul-client.yaml
kubectl apply -f stafulset.yaml

# 在k8s-master01节点上
kubectl get pod -n public-service
kubectl get svc -n public-service
kubectl exec -n public-service consul-server-0 -- consul members

3.22 K9S 工具的使用

# 获取k9s镜像
docker pull derailed/k9s

# Kubernetes 
docker run -it --rm \
  -v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config \
  derailed/k9s
在本地机器上,Kubernetes 的配置文件通常位于 `~/.kube/config`。这个文件包含了访问集群所需的所有信息(如 API 地址、认证凭据等)。确保这个文件存在并且正确配置。

# 运行 K9S 容器
docker run -it --rm \
  -v $HOME/.kube/config:/root/.kube/config \
  -e K9S_DEBUG=true \
  derailed/k9s

4. 理论知识

4.1 K8S介绍

# 1. 容器集群管理与编排
	1.1 管理: 统⼀管理
	1.2 编排: 贴合实际业务场景 - ⾃动化场景

# 2. 容器编排引擎
	2.1 docker swarm
	2.2 apache mesos
	2.3 google/CNCF k8s

# 3. k8S基本特点
	3.1 做管理
	3.2 做编排
	3.3 对接容器引擎平台,runtime

# 4. 版本
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

4.2 K8S基础架构

# 1. K8S架构 不同节点类型
	1.1 Master(控制/管理/主节点)
	1.2 Node(计算/⼯作节点)	
Master / (Worker)Node 两种类型的节点 既可以是虚拟机/也可以是物理机


# 2. Master节点组件:
三⼤必选基础组件
	2.1 API-server : 服务⼊⼝
	2.2 Controller-Manager: 编排管理
	2.3 Scheduler : 控制调度
可以安装其他可选服务组件
etcd - K8S数据库 | 主要⽤来记录K8S相关信息

# 3.worker Node 节点组件:
	3.1 Kubelet :管理容器引擎(容器运⾏时)
	3.2 Kube-proxy : 软件负载均衡器
	3.3 pod : K8s最⼩管理单位 , 在pod内包含容器
	3.4 container engine / runtime : 最终创建容器
	
# 4. K8S管理⽅式
	4.1.命令⾏管理 (最为常⻅)
     	kubectl - ⼯具
    4.2 2.图形化管理
		k8s dashboard

4.3 k8S Master主节点组件

# 1.K8s服务必选基础组件
	1.1 API-server: 管理服务的统⼀唯⼀⼊⼝ , ⾃身提供认证,授权,访问控制。可以⽔平扩展,对外暴露,所有的管理请求都发送到API-server,信息记录到etcd,联络Controller-Manager控制管理,联络Scheduler进⾏资源调度。任务下发到worker Node中的kubelet。
  	1.2 Controller-Manager: 集群控制,编排管理,负责维护K8S集群状态,故障检测,⾃动扩展,滚动更新,处理集群中⼈物,按照预设期望值运⾏。
	1.3 Scheduler: 负责资源的控制调度,按照预定调度策略将pod调度到对应的worker Node。
	
# 2.K8S 数据库 - etcd: 记录K8S相关信息, Key/Value分布式数据库 | 关键字/值
	2.1 可以安装在master节点,也可以单独使⽤服务器搭建etcd集群。
	2.2 kubeadm安装 - etcd默认安装master节点。
		⼆进制安装 - etcd单独安装。

# 3. K8s服务可选组件
	3.1. kubelet
	3.2. kube-proxy
	当采⽤kubeadm安装时, 管理节点组件以pod-容器⽅式部署在管理节点中,拉活pod需要kubelet,管理节点组件对外提供访问需要通过kube-proxy。
	3.3 dashboard: 为K8S集群提供 B/S WEB 访问⽅式 (第三⽅WEB⽅式)。
	3.4 prometheus: / Heapster: 提供K8S集群监控。
	3.5 ELK: 对K8S集群统⼀⽇志监控。
	3.6 federation: 提供跨集群,跨DC的多K8S统⼀管理。
	3.7 ingress controller: ingress七层代理。
	3.8 coredns: 为K8S集群提供域名解析服务。
	3.9Flannel:单独为K8S环境提供⽹络规划。
		etc ..
		
# 4. K8S⽀持Master⽔平扩展多节点架构
	controller-mananger/scheduler ⾃身⽀持leader选举。

4.4 K8S Worker Node 工作节点组件

# 1. Worker Node ⼯作节点组件
	1.1 kubelet: 可以直接和容器引擎进⾏交互,实现对容器的⽣命周期进⾏管理(创建,启动,修改,删除等等), pod接收从API-server发送的管理指令。监控worker node状态信息,上报到api-server。
	
	1.2 kube-proxy: worker节点的反向负载均衡, 负责向worker节点写⼊iptables规则。
	1.3 container Engine 容器引擎: docker , rkt , containerd , podman。

#  *pod - K8S最⼩管理调度单元,在其内部服务以容器⽅式进⾏发布。	

4.5 K8S:与Docker的兼容问题

k8s 1.24版本 正式放弃掉dockershim
docker / dockershim
runtime – 容器运⾏时
shim – 解耦合
containershim

CRI - container runtime interface
dockershim kubernetes社区开发 | K8S 指令 – 转换成 docker指令
CRI-dockerd docker⺟公司开发 | | K8S 指令 – 转换成 docker指令

Runc (docker libcontainer) – 容器标准 – OCI - docker google redhat coreos
runtime标准/镜像标准

4.6 K8S操作对象介绍1-Pod

[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get pods -n test
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod-alpine 1/1 Running 0 6h26m
[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n test -o wide

1. K8S最⼩管理单元 - pod
2. ⼀个pod中可以创建⼀个或者多个容器,如果⼀个pod创建/发布多个容器,多个容器之间⼀般紧密耦合。
3. 在每个pod中会⾸先发布⼀个pause 容器, 成为根容器, 该容器会⾸选获取k8s资源列表中的⽹络资源以及存储资源。
4. K8s发布完根容器之后,会继续在pod中部署业务容器(应⽤容器)。
5. pod中的所有业务容器和根容器共享IP和数据卷, POD内的容器之间互通可以基于loopback + localhost 互通。

# pod - STATUS
1. Pending 挂起: k8s api server接受到管理员 (kubectl/dashboard)发送到创建指令,api-server通知kubelet, kubelet通知容器引擎/容器运⾏时创建容器, 创建容器需要时间。
2. Running 正常运⾏中: pod已经正常被创建,容器正常运⾏。
3. Succeeded: pod正常终⽌, pod内的所有容器都正常退出,并且也不会再继续⾃动重启。
4. Failed: pod异常终⽌, pod内的容器在退出时属于⾮正常退出, 由系统强制将其退出, 容器可以自动重启。
5. unknow: 未知状态,该状态表示k8s master和worker node之间通信出现了问题。

# Pod异常详细的状态说明
CrashLoopBackOff 容器退出,kubelet正在将它重启
InvalidImageName ⽆法解析镜像名称
ImageInspectError ⽆法校验镜像
ErrImageNeverPull 策略禁⽌拉取镜像
ImagePullBackOff 正在重试拉取
RegistryUnavailable 连接不到镜像中⼼
ErrImagePull 通⽤的拉取镜像出错
CreateContainerConfigError 不能创建kubelet使⽤的容器配置
CreateContainerError 创建容器失败
m.internalLifecycle.PreStartContainer 执⾏hook报错
RunContainerError 启动容器失败
PostStartHookError 执⾏hook报错
ContainersNotInitialized 容器没有初始化完毕
ContainersNotRead 容器没有准备完毕
ContainerCreating 容器创建中
PodInitializing pod 初始化中
DockerDaemonNotReady docker还没有完全启动
NetworkPluginNotReady ⽹络插件还没有完全启动

4.7 K8S操作对象介绍2-label标签

# 标签(Label)是附在kubernetes对象(如pod,deployment等)上的键值对(key-value),可以在创建时指定,也可以在创建后指定。
	name: zhangsan
	time: 2030

# 标签管理⽤给k8s资源添加⾃定义属性 - 主要⽤来做过滤, ⽅便管理员对不同的资源批量甄别和管理。

# Label的值本身不具备具体含义,但可以通过label来筛选对象特定的⼦集,便于管理。

# 每⼀个对象可以有多个标签。

# 标签由⼀组键值对构成。(key value)

# Label key的组成: 
Key值必须是唯⼀的
不得超过63个字符
可以使⽤前缀,使⽤/分隔,前缀必须是DNS⼦域,不得超过253个字符,系统中的⾃动化组件创建的label
必须指定前缀,kubernetes.io/由kubernetes保留
起始必须是字⺟(⼤⼩写都可以)或数字,中间可以有连字符、下划线和点

# Label value的组成:
不得超过63个字符
起始必须是字⺟(⼤⼩写都可以)或数字,中间可以有连字符、下划线和点

4.8 K8S 操作对象介绍3-namespace命令空间

# 命名空间
主要作⽤: 资源隔离 | 资源配额
Kubernetes ⽀持多个虚拟集群,它们底层依赖于同⼀个物理集群。 这些虚拟集群被称为命名空间。
命名空间提供了良好的资源隔离,可以⽤于区分不通的项⽬、⽤户等。如开发测试使⽤的namespace,或者⽣产使⽤的namespace。

# 常⻅namespace
kube-system:kubernetes系统创建对象所使⽤的命名空间。
default:没有指明使⽤其他命名空间的对象所使⽤的默认命名空间。

[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get ns #查看环境中的命名空间
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 9d
development Active 5m52s
kube-node-lease Active 9d
kube-public Active 9d
kube-system Active 9d
test Active 8d

4.9 K8S操作对象介绍4-Deployment部署

# #Kubernetes管理对象
# ReplicationController(简称RC)
Kubernetes需要管理⼤量的Pod,⽽显⽽易⻅的是通常情况下⼀个应⽤不会以单独的⼀个Pod完成。⽐较常
⻅的情况是使⽤⼤量的Pod组成⼀个简单应⽤。管理这些⼤量的Pod的⼀个⽅式就是RC。
RC可以指定Pod的副本数量,并且在其中有Pod故障时可以⾃动拉起新的Pod,⼤⼤简化了管理难度

# ReplicaSet(简称RS)
ReplicaSet是新⼀代的RC,主要功能和RC⼀样,维持Pod的数量稳定,指定Pod的运⾏位置等,使⽤⽅法
也相似,主要区别是更新了api,⽀持更多功能。
ReplicaSet不建议直接使⽤,⽽是⽤更上层的概念Deployment调⽤ReplicaSet。

# Deployment
⽬前最常⽤的控制器就是Deployment,创建Deployment时也会⾃动创建ReplicaSet。
Deployment可以管理⼀个或多个RS,并且通过RS来管理Pod。

# 从⼩到⼤的管理逻辑
容器<Pod<ReplicaSet<Deployment

# 通常情况下
Pod中包含⼀个容器,或关系特别紧密的⼏个容器。
⼀个ReplicaSet中包含多个相同的Pod。
Deployment中包含⼀个或⼏个不同的RS

4.10 K8S操作对象介绍5-Service服务

Kubernetes Service 定义了这样⼀种抽象:逻辑上的⼀组 Pod,⼀种可以访问它们的策略——通常称为
微服务。 这⼀组 Pod 能够被 Service 访问到,通常是通过 Label Selector实现的。

# Service的实现类型
ClusterIP:提供⼀个集群内部的虚拟IP地址以供Pod访问(默认模式)
NodePort:在Node上打开⼀个端⼝以供外部访问
LoadBalancer:通过外部的负载均衡器来访问

Endpoint Controller 负责维护Service和Pod的对应关系
kube-proxy负责service的实现,即实现了k8s内部从pod到service和外部从node port到service的
访问。

# Endpoint Controller
负责⽣成和维护所有endpoint对象的控制器
负责监听service和对应pod的变化
监听到service被删除,则删除和该service同名的endpoint对象
监听到新的service被创建,则根据新建service信息获取相关pod列表,然后创建对应endpoint对象
监听到service被更新,则根据更新后的service信息获取相关pod列表,然后更新对应endpoint对象
监听到pod事件,则更新对应的service的endpoint对象,将pod IP记录到endpoint中

# iptables 与 ipvs
从k8s的1.8版本开始,kube-proxy引⼊了IPVS模式,IPVS模式与iptables实现⽅式类似,但是采⽤的
hash表,因此当service数量达到⼀定规模时,hash查表的速度优势就会显现出来,从⽽提⾼service的
服务性能。

# CoreDNS service
CoreDNS是⼀个轻量级的DNS服务器,通过插件的形式在Kubernetes集群内实现,提供服务发现功能,使
得⽤户除了可以⽤IP访问服务外,也可⽤域名来访问服务。
从1.13版本的Kubernetes开始CoreDNS取代了原有的kubeDNS,成为了kubernetes集群内部的默认DNS
组件。


ContainersNotRead 容器没有准备完毕
ContainerCreating 容器创建中
PodInitializing pod 初始化中
DockerDaemonNotReady docker还没有完全启动
NetworkPluginNotReady ⽹络插件还没有完全启动




## 4.7 K8S操作对象介绍2-label标签

```markdown
# 标签(Label)是附在kubernetes对象(如pod,deployment等)上的键值对(key-value),可以在创建时指定,也可以在创建后指定。
	name: zhangsan
	time: 2030

# 标签管理⽤给k8s资源添加⾃定义属性 - 主要⽤来做过滤, ⽅便管理员对不同的资源批量甄别和管理。

# Label的值本身不具备具体含义,但可以通过label来筛选对象特定的⼦集,便于管理。

# 每⼀个对象可以有多个标签。

# 标签由⼀组键值对构成。(key value)

# Label key的组成: 
Key值必须是唯⼀的
不得超过63个字符
可以使⽤前缀,使⽤/分隔,前缀必须是DNS⼦域,不得超过253个字符,系统中的⾃动化组件创建的label
必须指定前缀,kubernetes.io/由kubernetes保留
起始必须是字⺟(⼤⼩写都可以)或数字,中间可以有连字符、下划线和点

# Label value的组成:
不得超过63个字符
起始必须是字⺟(⼤⼩写都可以)或数字,中间可以有连字符、下划线和点

4.8 K8S 操作对象介绍3-namespace命令空间

# 命名空间
主要作⽤: 资源隔离 | 资源配额
Kubernetes ⽀持多个虚拟集群,它们底层依赖于同⼀个物理集群。 这些虚拟集群被称为命名空间。
命名空间提供了良好的资源隔离,可以⽤于区分不通的项⽬、⽤户等。如开发测试使⽤的namespace,或者⽣产使⽤的namespace。

# 常⻅namespace
kube-system:kubernetes系统创建对象所使⽤的命名空间。
default:没有指明使⽤其他命名空间的对象所使⽤的默认命名空间。

[root@k8sshiyemaster1 ~]# k8s get ns #查看环境中的命名空间
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 9d
development Active 5m52s
kube-node-lease Active 9d
kube-public Active 9d
kube-system Active 9d
test Active 8d

4.9 K8S操作对象介绍4-Deployment部署

# #Kubernetes管理对象
# ReplicationController(简称RC)
Kubernetes需要管理⼤量的Pod,⽽显⽽易⻅的是通常情况下⼀个应⽤不会以单独的⼀个Pod完成。⽐较常
⻅的情况是使⽤⼤量的Pod组成⼀个简单应⽤。管理这些⼤量的Pod的⼀个⽅式就是RC。
RC可以指定Pod的副本数量,并且在其中有Pod故障时可以⾃动拉起新的Pod,⼤⼤简化了管理难度

# ReplicaSet(简称RS)
ReplicaSet是新⼀代的RC,主要功能和RC⼀样,维持Pod的数量稳定,指定Pod的运⾏位置等,使⽤⽅法
也相似,主要区别是更新了api,⽀持更多功能。
ReplicaSet不建议直接使⽤,⽽是⽤更上层的概念Deployment调⽤ReplicaSet。

# Deployment
⽬前最常⽤的控制器就是Deployment,创建Deployment时也会⾃动创建ReplicaSet。
Deployment可以管理⼀个或多个RS,并且通过RS来管理Pod。

# 从⼩到⼤的管理逻辑
容器<Pod<ReplicaSet<Deployment

# 通常情况下
Pod中包含⼀个容器,或关系特别紧密的⼏个容器。
⼀个ReplicaSet中包含多个相同的Pod。
Deployment中包含⼀个或⼏个不同的RS

4.10 K8S操作对象介绍5-Service服务

Kubernetes Service 定义了这样⼀种抽象:逻辑上的⼀组 Pod,⼀种可以访问它们的策略——通常称为
微服务。 这⼀组 Pod 能够被 Service 访问到,通常是通过 Label Selector实现的。

# Service的实现类型
ClusterIP:提供⼀个集群内部的虚拟IP地址以供Pod访问(默认模式)
NodePort:在Node上打开⼀个端⼝以供外部访问
LoadBalancer:通过外部的负载均衡器来访问

Endpoint Controller 负责维护Service和Pod的对应关系
kube-proxy负责service的实现,即实现了k8s内部从pod到service和外部从node port到service的
访问。

# Endpoint Controller
负责⽣成和维护所有endpoint对象的控制器
负责监听service和对应pod的变化
监听到service被删除,则删除和该service同名的endpoint对象
监听到新的service被创建,则根据新建service信息获取相关pod列表,然后创建对应endpoint对象
监听到service被更新,则根据更新后的service信息获取相关pod列表,然后更新对应endpoint对象
监听到pod事件,则更新对应的service的endpoint对象,将pod IP记录到endpoint中

# iptables 与 ipvs
从k8s的1.8版本开始,kube-proxy引⼊了IPVS模式,IPVS模式与iptables实现⽅式类似,但是采⽤的
hash表,因此当service数量达到⼀定规模时,hash查表的速度优势就会显现出来,从⽽提⾼service的
服务性能。

# CoreDNS service
CoreDNS是⼀个轻量级的DNS服务器,通过插件的形式在Kubernetes集群内实现,提供服务发现功能,使
得⽤户除了可以⽤IP访问服务外,也可⽤域名来访问服务。
从1.13版本的Kubernetes开始CoreDNS取代了原有的kubeDNS,成为了kubernetes集群内部的默认DNS
组件。
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Ubuntu 22.04是一种流行的Linux操作系统,Kubernetes(简称K8S)和Docker是常用的容器化技术。下面是安装K8S和Docker的步骤: 1. 安装Docker: - 更新软件包列表:sudo apt update - 安装Docker依赖:sudo apt install docker.io - 启动Docker服务:sudo systemctl start docker - 设置Docker开机自启:sudo systemctl enable docker 2. 安装Kubernetes: - 添加Kubernetes软件包源:curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add - - 添加Kubernetes软件包源:sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" - 更新软件包列表:sudo apt update - 安装Kubernetes组件:sudo apt install kubeadm kubelet kubectl - 禁止自动更新Kubernetes组件:sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet kubectl 3. 初始化Kubernetes集群: - 在主节点上执行初始化命令:sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 - 记下输出中的kubeadm join命令,后续将用于加入工作节点 - 设置当前用户的Kubernetes配置:mkdir -p $HOME/.kube && sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config && sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 4. 安装网络插件: - 选择一个网络插件,例如Flannel:kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml 5. 加入工作节点: - 在工作节点上执行之前记下的kubeadm join命令,将工作节点加入到集群中 至此,你已经成功安装Kubernetes和Docker,并初始化了一个Kubernetes集群。

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