Kubernetes（k8s）安装教程简洁版

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 16:41:32 发布

守望星空2018

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 16:41:32 发布

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分类专栏： kubernetes 文章标签： kubernetes docker 容器运维云原生

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/binglong_world/article/details/130886054

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k8s部署安装

本次搭建了三台虚拟机（系统centos），一台master节点，两台worker节点

master节点主要是控制平台，不跑任务；worker节点主要用来跑任务，可以扩缩容

所需组件

docker（也可以是其他容器运行时） kubectl 集群命令行交互工具 kubeadm 集群初始化工具 kubelet 管理 Pod 和容器 kube-proxy 网络代理，负责网络相关的工作安装前的准备(所有节点)

安装前的准备(所有节点)

修改文件，永久设置(每台服务器修改各自主机名，:wq!保存)

vim  /etc/hostname

永久关闭(注释掉最后一行包含swap的一行)

vim /etc/fstab

关闭 SELinux

setenforce 0
sed -i --follow-symlinks 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

关闭防火墙（关闭，自启关闭）

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

开始安装

添加安装源（所有节点）

# 添加 k8s 安装源
cat <<EOF > kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
mv kubernetes.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/

安装所需组件（所有节点）

# 安装docker
yum install -y docker
# 安装k8s
yum install -y kubelet-1.21.5 kubectl-1.21.5 kubeadm-1.21.5

设置开机启动（所有节点）

systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

修改 Docker 的 Cgroup Driver

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
# 添加如下启动项参数
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
# 重启生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

用kubeadm初始化集群（仅在主节点跑）

kubeadm init  --kubernetes-version=v1.21.5  --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

如果安装失败，需要重新安装，使用这个命令重置（所有节点，不论主节点创建失败还是从节点加入失败）

# 重置命令
kubeadm reset
# 清理cni环境配置
rm -rf   /etc/cni/net.d
ipvsadm --clear

如果忘记了保存kubeadm join ，可以用下面命令重新获取

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

复制授权文件并修改端口，让 kubectl 可以有权限访问集群

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

修改kube-scheduler.yaml文件，将 - --port= 修改为 - --port=10251，否则kubectl命令会报错

vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml

修改kube-controller-manager.yaml文件，将 - --port= 0注释掉，否则Unhealthy

vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml

工作节点加入集群（只在工作节点运行），运行上面保存的kubeadm join命令行

kubeadm join 192.168.217.185:6443 --token vi2k0d.zrafww05zwpl0dt0 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3b4bdd10e8639785f9e6432809f7b5e103b66014dc217d34c1b1f089219cafd7

安装网络插件flannel（主节点跑），如果不安装 node 是 NotReady 状态

# 国内一般访问不到这个资源
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# 这里我给出kube-flannel.yml的文件，大家直接运行命令就可以安装
kubectl create -f kube-flannel.yaml

查看是否安装成功,查看各节点是否运行起来（全是ready）

kubectl get nodes

查看健康(全是healthy)

kubectl get cs

查看各组件运行状态(都是running)

kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide

至此，恭喜你，k8s安装成功。

附录：kube-flannel.yaml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate