【线性表的链式储存结构】数据结构与算法Java

目录

单链表的存储结构

头结点VS头指针

单链表的实现:

循环单链表

​ 

 双向循环链表的实现:

单链表的存储结构

        单链表是用一组任意的储存单元存放线性表的元素,这组储存单元可以是连续的也可以是不连续的,甚至可以是零散分布在内存中的任意位置。

        单链表存储结构为了能正确表示元素之间的逻辑关系,每个存储单元在存储数据元素的同时,还必须存储其后继元素所在的地址信息(指针域),将这两部分信息叫做节点 如图:

        单链表通过每一个节点的后继指针域将线性表的元素数据按照逻辑次序连接到了一起。由于每一个结点只有一个后继指针域,所以称为单链表。

结点结构的定义:

//定义节点对象
    private class Node{
        E data;     //数据域
        Node next;   //指针域

        //构造空结点
        public Node(){
            this(null, null);
        }

        //构造数据域为data值得结点
        public Node(E data) {
            this(data,null);
        }
        public Node(E data, Node next) {
            this.data = data;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }

头结点VS头指针

        头结点是指链表中的第一个元素,有真实头节点和虚拟头节点之分

  • 真实头节点:其第一个节点用于存储数据

  •  虚拟头节点:其第一个结点不许储存数据

 头指针(head):仅仅就是一个应用变量,储存头结点地址的指针而已。

尾指针(tail):同头指针,不过是链表中最后一个结点的指针而已。

单链表的实现:

        因为单链表也是线性表,所以继承List接口:

package p2.线性结构;

import p1.接口.List;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class LinkedSingList<E> implements List<E> {

    private class Node{
         E data;
         Node next;

        public Node(){
           this(null, null);
        }

        public Node(E element){
            this(element, null);
        }

        public Node(E data, Node next){
            this.data = data;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }

    private Node head;      //头指针
    private Node tail;      //尾指针
    private int size;       //链表中元素的个数


    public LinkedSingList(){
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;

    }
    public LinkedSingList(E[] arr){

        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("arr is null");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            add(arr[i]);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void add(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("index out of range");
        }
        Node n = new Node(element);
        if (size == 0){
            head = n;
            tail = n;
        } else if (index == 0) {
            n.next = head;
            head = n;
        }else if (index == size){
            tail.next = n;
            tail = n;
        }else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++){
                p = p.next;
            }
            n.next = p.next;
            p.next = n;
        }
        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(E element) {
        int index = indexOf(element);
        if (index != -1){
            remove(index);
        }
    }
    //删除元素

    @Override
    public E remove(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("remove index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (size == 1 ){
            head = null;
            tail  = null;
        }else if (index == 0){
            Node p = head;
            ret = head.data;
            head = head.next;
            p.next = null;
        }else if(index == size - 1){
            ret  = tail.data;
            Node p = head;
            while (p.next != tail){
                p =  p.next;
            }
            p.next = null;
            tail = p;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public E get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        if (index == 0){
            return head.data;
        }else if (index == size - 1){
            return tail.data;
        }else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            return p.data;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("set index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (index == 0){
            ret = head.data;
            head.data = element;
        }else if (index == size - 1){
            ret  = tail.data;
            tail.data = element;
        }else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            ret = p.data;
            p.data = element;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int indexOf(E element) {
        Node p = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++){
            if (p.data == element){
                return i + 1;
            }
            p = p.next;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(E element) {
        return indexOf(element) != -1;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0 && head == null && tail == null;
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void sort(Comparator<E> c) {
        if (c == null){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("comparator can not be bull");
        }
        //此 处的插入排序为O(n^3)
//        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){
//            E e = get(i);
//            int j = 0;
//            for (j = i; j > 0 && c.compare(get(j-1), e) > 0; j--){
//                set(j, get(j -1));
//            }
//            set(j, e);
//        }


        if (size == 0 || size == 1){
            return;
        }
        Node nodeA = head;
        Node nodeB = nodeA.next;
        while(true){
            while (true){
                if (c.compare(nodeA.data, nodeB.data) > 0){
                    swap(nodeA, nodeB);
                }
                if (nodeB == tail){
                    break;
                }
                nodeB = nodeB.next;
            }
            if (nodeA.next == tail){
                break;
            }
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
            nodeB = nodeA.next;
        }

    }

    private void swap(Node nodeA, Node nodeB) {
        E temp = nodeA.data;
        nodeA.data = nodeB.data;
        nodeB.data = nodeA.data;
    }

    @Override
    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0 || toIndex >=size || fromIndex > toIndex){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("must 0 <= fromIndex <= toIndex <= size - 1");
        }
        LinkedSingList<E> list = new LinkedSingList<>();
        Node nodeA = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex;i++){
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
        }
        Node nodeB = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < toIndex; i++){
            nodeB = nodeB.next;
        }
        Node p = nodeA;
        while (true){
            list.add(p.data);
            if (p == nodeB){
                break;
            }
            p = p.next;
        }

        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append('[');
        if (isEmpty()) {
            sb.append(']');
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            while (true) {
                sb.append(p.data);
                if (p == tail) {
                    sb.append(']');
                    break;
                }
                sb.append(',');
                sb.append(' ');
                p = p.next;
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new LinkedSinglyListIterator();
    }

    class LinkedSinglyListIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        private Node cur = head;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cur != null;
        }
        @Override
        public E next() {
            E ret = cur.data;
            cur = cur.next;
            return ret;
        }
    }
}

循环单链表

在单链表中,如果将终端节点的指针域由空改为头结点引用,则使整个单链表形成一个环,这种头尾相接的单链表称为循环单列表

循环单链表的实现:
 

package p3.链式结构;

import p1.接口.List;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;

//单向循环链表
public class LinkedSinglyCircularList<E> implements List<E> {

    //定义结点对象
    private class Node {
        E data;     //数据域
        Node next;  //指针域
        public Node(){
            this(null,null);
        }
        public Node(E data) {
            this(data,null);
        }
        public Node(E data, Node next) {
            this.data = data;
            this.next = next;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }
    private Node head;  //头指针
    private Node tail;  //尾指针
    private int size;   //元素的个数

    public LinkedSinglyCircularList() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    public LinkedSinglyCircularList(E[] arr) {
        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("arr is null");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            add(arr[i]);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void add(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("add index out of range");
        }
        Node n = new Node(element);
        if (size == 0) {
            head = n;
            tail = n;
            tail.next = head;   //new code
        } else if (index == 0) {
            n.next = head;
            head = n;
            tail.next = head;   //new code
        } else if (index == size) {
            n.next = tail.next; //new code
            tail.next = n;
            tail = n;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            n.next = p.next;
            p.next = n;
        }
        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(E element) {
        int index = indexOf(element);
        if (index != -1) {
            remove(index);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public E remove(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("remove index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (size == 1) {
            ret = head.data;
            head = null;
            tail = null;
        } else if (index == 0) {
            Node n = head;
            ret = n.data;
            head = n.next;
            n.next = null;
            tail.next = head; //new code
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            Node p = head;
            while (p.next != tail) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            ret = tail.data;
            p.next = tail.next; //change code
            tail = p;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            Node n = p.next;
            ret = n.data;
            p.next = n.next;
            n.next = null;
        }
        size--;
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public E get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        if (index == 0) {
            return head.data;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            return tail.data;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            return p.data;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (index == 0) {
            ret = head.data;
            head.data = element;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            ret = tail.data;
            tail.data = element;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            ret = p.data;
            p.data = element;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public int indexOf(E element) {
        Node p = head;
        int index = 0;
        while (!p.data.equals(element)) {
            p = p.next;
            index++;
            if (p == head) {    //change code
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(E element) {
        return indexOf(element) != -1;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0 && head == null && tail == null;
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void sort(Comparator<E> c) {
        if (c == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("comparator can not be null");
        }
        if (size == 0 || size == 1) {
            return;
        }
        Node nodeA = head;
        Node nodeB = nodeA.next;
        while (true) {
            while (true) {
                if (c.compare(nodeA.data, nodeB.data) > 0) {
                    swap(nodeA, nodeB);
                }
                if (nodeB == tail) {
                    break;
                }
                nodeB = nodeB.next;
            }
            if (nodeA.next == tail) {
                break;
            }
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
            nodeB = nodeA.next;
        }
    }

    private void swap(Node nodeA, Node nodeB) {
        E temp = nodeA.data;
        nodeA.data = nodeB.data;
        nodeB.data = temp;
    }

    @Override
    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0 || toIndex >= size || fromIndex > toIndex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("must 0 <= fromIndex <= toIndex <= size - 1");
        }

        LinkedSinglyList<E> list = new LinkedSinglyList<>();
        Node nodeA = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
        }
        Node nodeB = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < toIndex; i++) {
            nodeB = nodeB.next;
        }
        Node p = nodeA;
        while (true) {
            list.add(p.data);
            if (p == nodeB) {
                break;
            }
            p = p.next;
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append('[');
        if (isEmpty()) {
            sb.append(']');
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            while (true) {
                sb.append(p.data);
                if (p == tail) {
                    sb.append(']');
                    break;
                }
                sb.append(',');
                sb.append(' ');
                p = p.next;
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new LinkedSinglyCircularListIterator();
    }

    class LinkedSinglyCircularListIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        private Node cur = head;
        private boolean flag = true; //是否在第一圈

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            if (isEmpty()) {
                return false;
            }
            return flag;
        }
        @Override
        public E next() {
            E ret = cur.data;
            cur = cur.next;
            if (cur == head) {
                flag = false;
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }

   
}

双向循环链表:


        双向链表也叫双链表,是链表的一种,它的每个数据结点中都有两个指针,分别指向直接后继直接前驱。所以,从双向链表中的任意一个结点开始,都可以很方便地访问它的前驱结点和后继结点。一般我们都构造双向循环链表。

 双向循环链表的实现:

package p3.链式结构;

import p1.接口.Dequeue;
import p1.接口.List;
import p1.接口.Stack;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;

//双向循环链表
public class LinkedList<E> implements List<E>, Dequeue<E>, Stack<E> {

    private class Node {
        E data;
        Node pre;   //直接前驱
        Node next;  //直接后继

        public Node() {
            this(null, null, null);
        }

        public Node(E data) {
            this(data, null, null);
        }

        public Node(E data, Node pre, Node next) {
            this.data = data;
            this.pre = pre;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }

    private Node head;
    private Node tail;
    private int size;

    public LinkedList() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    public LinkedList(E[] arr) {
        if (arr == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("arr can not be null");
        }
        for (E e : arr) {
            add(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void add(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("add index out of range");
        }
        Node n = new Node(element);
        if (size == 0) {
            head = n;
            tail = n;
            tail.next = head;
            head.pre = tail;
        } else if (index == 0) {
            n.pre = head.pre;
            n.next = head;
            head.pre = n;
            head = n;
            tail.next = head;
        } else if (index == size) {
            n.next = tail.next;
            tail.next = n;
            n.pre = tail;
            tail = n;
            head.pre = tail;
        } else {
            Node p, q;
            if (index <= size / 2) {
                p = head;
                for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
                    p = p.next;
                }
                q = p.next;
                p.next = n;
                n.pre = p;
                q.pre = n;
                n.next = q;
            } else {
                p = tail;
                for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
                    p = p.pre;
                }
                q = p.pre;
                q.next = n;
                n.pre = q;
                n.next = p;
                p.pre = n;
            }
        }
        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(E element) {
        int index = indexOf(element);
        if (index != -1) {
            remove(index);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E remove(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("remove index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        Node node;
        if (size == 1) {
            ret = head.data;
            head = null;
            tail = null;
        } else if (index == 0) {
            ret = head.data;
            node = head.next;
            head.next = null;
            node.pre = head.pre;
            head.pre = null;
            head = node;
            tail.next = head;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            ret = tail.data;
            node = tail.pre;
            tail.pre = null;
            node.next = tail.next;
            tail.next = null;
            tail = node;
            head.pre = tail;
        } else {
            Node p, q, r;
            if (index <= size / 2) {
                p = head;
                for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
                    p = p.next;
                }
                q = p.next;
                r = q.next;
                ret = q.data;
                p.next = r;
                r.pre = p;
                q.next = null;
                q.pre = null;
            } else {
                p = tail;
                for (int i = size - 1; i > index + 1; i--) {
                    p = p.pre;
                }
                q = p.pre;
                r = q.pre;
                ret = q.data;
                r.next = p;
                p.pre = r;
                q.next = null;
                q.pre = null;
            }
        }
        size--;
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public E get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        if (index == 0) {
            return head.data;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            return tail.data;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            return p.data;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("set index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (index == 0) {
            ret = head.data;
            head.data = element;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            ret = tail.data;
            tail.data = element;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            ret = p.data;
            p.data = element;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public int indexOf(E element) {
        Node p = head;
        int index = 0;
        while (!p.data.equals(element)) {
            p = p.next;
            index++;
            if (p == head) {
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(E element) {
        return indexOf(element) != -1;
    }


    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0 && head == null && tail == null;
    }


    @Override
    public void clear() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void sort(Comparator<E> c) {
        if (c == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("comparator can not be null");
        }
        //插入排序来做
        if (size == 0 || size == 1) {
            return;
        }
        for (Node nodeA = head.next; nodeA != head; nodeA = nodeA.next) {
            E e = nodeA.data;
            Node nodeB;
            Node nodeC;
            for (nodeB = nodeA, nodeC = nodeB.pre; nodeC != tail && c.compare(nodeC.data, e) > 0; nodeB = nodeB.pre, nodeC = nodeC.pre) {
                nodeB.data = nodeC.data;
            }
            nodeB.data = e;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0 || toIndex >= size || fromIndex > toIndex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("0 <= fromIndex <= toIndex < size");
        }
        Node nodeA = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
        }
        Node nodeB = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < toIndex; i++) {
            nodeB = nodeB.next;
        }
        Node p = nodeA;
        LinkedList<E> list = new LinkedList<>();
        while (true) {
            list.add(p.data);
            if (p == nodeB) {
                break;
            }
            p = p.next;
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append('[');
        if (isEmpty()) {
            sb.append(']');
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            while (true) {
                sb.append(p.data);
                if (p == tail) {
                    sb.append(']');
                    break;
                }
                sb.append(',');
                sb.append(' ');
                p = p.next;
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new LinkedListIterator();
    }

    class LinkedListIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        private Node cur = head;
        private boolean flag = true; //是否在第一圈

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            if (isEmpty()) {
                return false;
            }
            return flag;
        }

        @Override
        public E next() {
            E ret = cur.data;
            cur = cur.next;
            if (cur == head) {
                flag = false;
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }

    //双端队列的方法
    @Override
    public void addFirst(E element) {
        add(0, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void addLast(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public E removeFirst() {
        return remove(0);
    }

    @Override
    public E reomveLast() {
        return remove(size - 1);
    }

    @Override
    public E getFirst() {
        return get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public E getLast() {
        return get(size - 1);
    }

    //栈的方法
    @Override
    public void push(E element) {
        addLast(element);
    }

    @Override
    public E pop() {
        return reomveLast();
    }

    @Override
    public E peek() {
        return getLast();
    }

    //队列的方法
    @Override
    public void offer(E element) {
        addLast(element);
    }

    @Override
    public E poll() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }
}

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