enum关键字

enum：该关键字用于说明，当前类是一个枚举类

一、自定义枚举类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER);
    }
}

class Season{
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春","暖");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏","热");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋","凉");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬","冷");


    private String name;
    private String desc;

    private Season(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

二、使用enum关键字写枚举类

public class T {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season2.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season2.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season2.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season2.WINTER);
    }
}
enum Season2{
    SPRING("春","暖"),
    SUMMER("夏","热"),
    AUTUMN("秋","凉"),
    WINTER("冬","冷");
    private String name;
    private String desc;

    private Season2(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

三、enum关键字使用枚举注意事项：

1、使用enum关键字，默认会继承Enum类
2、传统的public static final Season SPRING = new Season（“XX”，“XX”）的写法简化成SPRING（“XX”，“XX”);的写法

3、如果使用无参构造器创建枚举对象，则实参列表和小括号都可以省略

enum Season2{
   	SPRING("春","暖"),
    SUMMER("夏","热"),
    AUTUMN("秋","凉"),
    WINTER("冬","冷"),
    SIJI;
    
    private String name;
    private String desc;
    private Season2() {
    }
    private Season2(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }
} 

4、当有多个枚举对象时，使用 “，” 分隔，结尾用 “；”
5、枚举类的常量必须放在枚举类的行首

常用的Enum类方法

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        System.out.println(Season2.SPRING);
//        System.out.println(Season2.SUMMER);
//        System.out.println(Season2.AUTUMN);
//        System.out.println(Season2.WINTER);

        Season2 season2 = Season2.AUTUMN;
        System.out.println(season2.name());//AUTUMN；输出枚举类常量名
        System.out.println(season2.ordinal());//2；输出枚举类常量的次序/编号，从0开始

        /*
            返回枚举类常量数组：
                Season{name='春', desc='暖'}
                Season{name='夏', desc='热'}
                Season{name='秋', desc='凉'}
                Season{name='冬', desc='冷'}
                Season{name='null', desc='null'}
         */
        Season2[] values = season2.values();
        for (Season2 season: values){
            System.out.println(season);
        }

        //将字符传装换成枚举对象，要求字符串必须为已有的常量名，
        // 否则报IllegalArgumentException（非法参数异常）
        Season2 season = Season2.valueOf("AUTUMN");
        System.out.println(season);//Season{name='秋', desc='凉'}

        //比较两个枚举常量，比较的是位置编号
        /**
         * public final int compareTo(E o) {
         *         Enum<?> other = (Enum<?>)o;
         * 			//self = season2;
         *         Enum<E> self = this;
         *         //运行类型比较 && 编译类型比较 false 返回类型转换异常 
         *         if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization
         *             self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass())
         *             throw new ClassCastException();
         *         //返回：season2编号 - Season2.valueOf("SPRING")编号 
         *         return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;
         * }
         */
        System.out.println(season2.compareTo(Season2.valueOf("SPRING")));//2
    }
}