STM32F103 UART DMA接收任意长度数据

使用STM32CubeMX 配置初始化模板，勾选UART 发送接收 DMA ，以及中断，TX设置单次模式，RX设置循环接收（属于大于缓冲区大小，将会覆盖前面的）

生成的工程uart初始化增加 打开空闲中断 以及 设置DMA接收缓冲 代码

打开空闲中断 __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1, UART_IT_IDLE);

设置DMA接收缓冲 HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE)；

然后在stm32f1xx_it.c里面的 USART1_IRQHandler 上加入调用DMA空闲中断，

空闲中断里面 获取长度（HAL库是获取剩余大小） ，停止传输重新启动DMA（否则下次接收将会在第一次接收后面）

void USART1_DMAHandler(void)
{
    if (RESET != __HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE))
    {
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);
        uint32_t len = RXBUFFERSIZE - __HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(&hdma_usart1_rx);
        
        //停止当前DMA传输
        HAL_UART_DMAStop(&huart1);
        //重新配置DMA传输，从头传输
        HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);
        
        printf("uartCnt = %d\n", len);
        HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, len);
    }
}

stm32f1xx_it.c 

/**
  * @brief This function handles USART1 global interrupt.
  */
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 */
  extern void USART1_DMAHandler(void);
  USART1_DMAHandler();
  /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */
}

usart.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    usart.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the USART instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "usart.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#include <stdio.h>

#define RXBUFFERSIZE        (128)
uint32_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];

/* USER CODE END 0 */

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_rx;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_tx;

/* USART1 init function */

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */
  
    __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1, UART_IT_IDLE);
    if(HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
//    if(HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t*)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE)!= HAL_OK)
//    {
//      Error_Handler();
//    }
    
  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 DMA Init */
    /* USART1_RX Init */
    hdma_usart1_rx.Instance = DMA1_Channel5;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Mode = DMA_CIRCULAR;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_rx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmarx,hdma_usart1_rx);

    /* USART1_TX Init */
    hdma_usart1_tx.Instance = DMA1_Channel4;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_tx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmatx,hdma_usart1_tx);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);

    /* USART1 DMA DeInit */
    HAL_DMA_DeInit(uartHandle->hdmarx);
    HAL_DMA_DeInit(uartHandle->hdmatx);

    /* USART1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
    while ((USART1->SR & 0X40) == 0);

    USART1->DR = (uint8_t)ch;
    return ch;
}

/* uart IDLE DMAHandler interrupt */
void USART1_DMAHandler(void)
{
    if (RESET != __HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE))
    {
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);
        uint32_t len = RXBUFFERSIZE - __HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(&hdma_usart1_rx);
        
        //停止当前DMA传输
        HAL_UART_DMAStop(&huart1);
        //重新配置DMA传输，从头传输
        HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);
        
        printf("uartCnt = %d\n", len);
        HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, len);
    }
}

/* USER CODE END 1 */