Oracle 常用 SQL 大全

1.查看表空间使用率。
set line 220
select total.tablespace_name,round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct 
from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total 
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name order by used_pct desc;

1.1查询单个表空间使用率。
select total.tablespace_name,
round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,
round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,
round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct from
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space 
where tablespace_name='TBL_SPACE' group by tablespace_name) free,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files 
where tablespace_name='TBL_SPACE' group by tablespace_name) total
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name order by used_pct desc;

2.查看临时表空间数据文件位置，大小，及是否自动扩展。
select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 mb ,autoextensible 
from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in ('') order by tablespace_name;

select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 file_size,autoextensible 
from dba_temp_files;

3.查看ASM磁盘空间。
select name,state,type,free_mb,total_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

4.查询oracle的连接数
select count(*) from v$session;

5.查看不同用户的连接数
select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;

6.查看回收站: show recyclebin

7.清空回收站: PURGE recyclebin

8.删除表，不进入回收站: drop table tableName purge;

9.查询用户下所有创建表的语句:
select 'select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('||''''||'TABLE'||''''||','||''''||table_name||''''||') from dual;'||chr(10)||'select '||''''||'/'||''''|| ' from dual;' 
from user_tables;

10.查询当时创建用户的语句: select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','USERNAME') from dual;

11.查询普通用户语句: select username from dba_users where account_status='OPEN';

12.修改数据文件大小: 
alter database datafile '&path_name' resize 10G;
alter database datafile &{file_id} resize 10G;

13.添加数据文件: alter tablespace &tablespace_name ADD datafile '&datafile_name' SIZE xxx;

14.临时表空间扩容，填加临时表空间数据文件: ALTER TABLESPACE &tablespace_name ADD TEMPFILE '&datafile_name' SIZE xxx;

15.大文件表空间扩容: ALTER TABLESPACE &tablespace_name RESIZE xxx;

16.查询告警日志文件位置
show parameter dump
select * from v$diag_info;

17.创建用户: create user username identified  by password default tablespace dbdbs;

18.创建组: groupadd  -g 1000 oinstall

19.赋权: grant dba to user

20.查出锁的会话: 
select b.username,b.sid,b.serial#,logon_time 
from v$lock_object a,v$session b 
where a.session_id = b.sid order by b.logon_time;

21.查询数据库中所有用户下占用物理空间内存大小
select owner,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 MB from dba_segments group by owner;

22.日志切换: alter system switch logfile;

23.查看归档是否开启: 
archive log list;
select log_mode from v$database;

24.开启归档:
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+ARCH' scope=both sid='*';
shu immediate
startup mount 
alter database archivelog
alter database open

25.监听注册: 
sho parameter local_listener
alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JiekeXu)(PORT = 1522))';
alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.X.X.6)(PORT = 1521))' SID='JiekeDBR2' scope=both;

26.数据库注册监听: alter system register

27.创建DBLINK: 
create public database link HO
connect to SKDATA identified by oracle
using '(DESCRIPTION = 
(ADDRESS_LIST = 
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.X.X.6)(PORT = 1521)) 
) 
(CONNECT_DATA = 
(SERVICE_NAME = JiekeXuDB) 
) 
)';

28.删除DBLINK: drop public database link &dblinkname;

29.查询DBLINK:  select * from dba_db_links;

30.查询本地用户登陆进程: 
ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO 
ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO | grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'|wc -l

31.批量杀进程执行 ，注意检查oracle_sid。:  ps -ef|grep $ORACLE_SID|grep -v ora_|grep LOCAL=NO|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

32.查询系统检查点SCN的命令:  select CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$database;

33.查询控制文件中数据文件的SCN命令:  select name,file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

34.数据文件头部的SCN号:  select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

35. 控制文件中的数据文件终止scn:  select name,last_change# from v$datafile;

36.解锁用户命令: alter user 用户名 account unlock; ----这个只会解锁账号，而不会取消密码过期。

37.设置密码无期限: ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED; --将概要文件(如default)的密码有效期由默认的180天修改成“无限制”（修改之后不需要重启动数据库，会立即生效）

38.查询字符集命令:  select userenv ('language') from dual;

39.查询数据库里某个表空间里所占用的大小：
select OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE,TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 as MB from dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME='01' order by 4 desc;

40.关于DG认清主备库。
select d.NAME,d.LOG_MODE,d.OPEN_MODE,d.PROTECTION_MODE,d.DATABASE_ROLE from v$database d;
名字，日志模式，开启模式，保护模式，数据库角色。其中数据库角色就是看主备库的.
PRIMARY为主库 PHYSICAL STANDBY物理备库,LOGICAL STANDBY逻辑备库.
在备库中查询：
show parameter fal_server
得出的值在与tns中找相匹配的server_name然后在寻找对应的IP地址。
开启恢复
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session using current logfile;

ADG相关命令：
--查看数据库状态
select name,db_unique_name,database_role,protection_mode,open_mode from v$database; 
--查看相关进程
select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;
--关闭mrp功能
recover managed standby database cancel; 
--开启当前日志应用
recover managed standby database disconnect from session using current logfile;
---开启不同步当前日志应用
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
--查看归档路径状态
select dest_id,error,status,log_sequence,applied_scn from v$archive_dest;
---查询传输至备库的日志是否应用。
SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

41.添加ASM磁盘所需命令:
在AIX系统中查询新加入的盘符 lspv
在AIX系统中查询盘空间大小：getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk1
在数据库中查询ASM的中是否使用了此硬盘：
col PATH for a44
select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE from v$asm_disk;

42. 使用轻松连接模式远程登录数据库: sqlplus sjglt/sjglt@1X.1XX.1X6.16:1521/orcl

43. 更改备份保存时间: alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=39;

44.查看asm磁盘使用哪些盘命令：
col name for a20
col path for a20
col FAILGROUP for a20
select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP 
from v$asm_disk;

45.查询oracle连接最大值命令：
select resource_name,MAX_UTILIZATION,LIMIT_VALUE from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions');
--MAX_UTILIZATION代表数据库自上次启动以来达到的最大值，
--LIMIT_VALUE代表设置的最大值。

46.查询锁SQL:
select 'blocker('||lb.sid||':'||sb.username||')-sql:'|| qb.sql_text blockers,
'waiter ('||lw.sid||':'||sw.username||')-sql:'|| qw.sql_text 
waiters
from v$lock lb,
v$lock lw,
v$session sb,
v$session sw,
v$sql qb,
v$sql qw
where lb.sid=sb.sid
and lw.sid=sw.sid
and sb.prev_sql_addr=qb.address
and sw.sql_address=qw.address
and lb.id1=lw.id1
and sw.lockwait is not null
and sb.lockwait is null
and lb.block=1 ;

47.查询数据库数据量: select sum（bytes）/1024/1024/1024 total_gb from dba_segments;

48.查看 SQL 内容: select sql_fulltext from v$sqlarea where sql_id='&sql_id';

49.查看 SQL 的执行计划:  select * from v$sql_plan where sql_id='&sql_id';

50.查看绑定变量: select * from v$sql_bind_capture sbc where sql_id='&sql_id';

51.关于rman归档问题:
rman> crosscheck archivelog all;
rman> delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
rman> delete force noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate - 30';
单节点：
delete noprompt archivelog until sequence ${Seq};

rac（thread后面加节点数）:
delete noprompt archivelog until sequence 1 thread ${CurThread};

删除7天前的归档：
DELETE ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-7';

按时间删除归档：
delete force archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATA-1/24';

查看归档每天切换频率以及大小
select max (first_time) max_first_time,
to_char (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd') day,
count (recid) count_number,
count (recid) * 200 size_mb
from v$log_history
group by to_char (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd')
order by 1;

按天计算日志生成量
set pages 9999
select to_char(first_time,'yyyymmdd'),count(*) 
from v$log_history 
group by to_char(first_time,'yyyymmdd') 
order by 1;

52.查看数据库引起锁表的SQL语句：
SELECT A.USERNAME,
A.MACHINE,
A.PROGRAM,
A.SID,
A.SERIAL#,
A.STATUS,
C.PIECE,
C.SQL_TEXT
FROM V$SESSION A,
V$SQLTEXT C
WHERE     A.SID IN (SELECT DISTINCT T2.SID
FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT T1,
V$SESSION T2
WHERE T1.SESSION_ID = T2.SID)
AND A.SQL_ADDRESS = C.ADDRESS(+)
ORDER BY C.PIECE;

53.查询DB负载情况:
SELECT *
  FROM ( SELECT A.INSTANCE_NUMBER,
               A.SNAP_ID,
               B.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 BEGIN_TIME,
               B.END_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 END_TIME,
               ROUND(VALUE - LAG( VALUE, 1 , '0')
                     OVER(ORDER BY A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID)) "DB TIME"
          FROM (SELECT B.SNAP_ID,
                       INSTANCE_NUMBER,
                       SUM(VALUE ) / 1000000 / 60 VALUE
                  FROM DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL B
                 WHERE B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE)
                   AND UPPER (B.STAT_NAME) IN UPPER(('DB TIME' ))
                 GROUP BY B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER) A,
               DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT B
         WHERE A.SNAP_ID = B.SNAP_ID
           AND B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE)
           AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = A.INSTANCE_NUMBER)
 WHERE TO_CHAR(BEGIN_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD')
 ORDER BY BEGIN_TIME;

54.杀应用连接:  ps -ef |grep LOCAL=NO |awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

55.查询某个时间点的scn: select timestamp_to_scn(to_timestamp('2021-01-06 10:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) from dual;

56.闪回到某个scn点：（闪回前请先进行备份）
alter table tb_flash1 enable row movement flashback table tb_flash1 to 115398523;

57.查询数据库最近一次重启时间: 
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
select startup_time from v$instance;

58.查看日志每小时文件切换频率: 
column h0 format 999
column h1 format 999
column h2 format 999
column h3 format 999
column h4 format 999
column h5 format 999
column h6 format 999
column h7 format 999
column h8 format 999
column h9 format 999
column h10 format 999
column h11 format 999
column h12 format 999
column h13 format 999
column h14 format 999
column h15 format 999
column h16 format 999
column h17 format 999
column h18 format 999
column h19 format 999
column h20 format 999
column h21 format 999
column h22 format 999
column h23 format 999
column avg format 999.99
column day format a6
SELECT TRUNC (first_time) "Date", TO_CHAR (first_time, 'Dy') "Day", COUNT (1) "Total",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '00', 1, 0)) h0,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '01', 1, 0)) "h1",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '02', 1, 0)) "h2",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '03', 1, 0)) "h3",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '04', 1, 0)) "h4",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '05', 1, 0)) "h5",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '06', 1, 0)) "h6",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '07', 1, 0)) "h7",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '08', 1, 0)) "h8",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '09', 1, 0)) "h9",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '10', 1, 0)) "h10",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '11', 1, 0)) "h11",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '12', 1, 0)) "h12",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '13', 1, 0)) "h13",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '14', 1, 0)) "h14",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '15', 1, 0)) "h15",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '16', 1, 0)) "h16",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '17', 1, 0)) "h17",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '18', 1, 0)) "h18",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '19', 1, 0)) "h19",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '20', 1, 0)) "h20",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '21', 1, 0)) "h21",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '22', 1, 0)) "h22",
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '23', 1, 0)) "h23", to_char(ROUND (COUNT (1) / 24, 2),'fm99999999990.00') "Avg"
FROM gv$log_history
WHERE first_time >= trunc(SYSDATE) - 30
and thread# = inst_id
GROUP BY TRUNC (first_time), TO_CHAR (first_time, 'Dy')
ORDER BY 1 DESC;

59.更改会话时间显示格式: alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

60.查阻塞: 
col username for a15
col program for a30
col event for a30
select sid,serial#,username,blocking_session,last_call_et,prev_sql_id,final_blocking_session,event,machine,program,WAIT_TIME 
from gv$session where blocking_session is not null;

61.查看表的统计信息
select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,NUM_ROWS,BLOCKS,EMPTY_BLOCKS,AVG_SPACE,CHAIN_CNT,AVG_ROW_LEN,SAMPLE_SIZE,ROW_MOVEMENT,PARTITIONED,GLOBAL_STATS,
USER_STATS,to_char(LAST_ANALYZED,'YYYY-MM-DD') from dba_tables where  table_name='&1';

62.查看执行计划: select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('&sql_id',null,'ADVANCED ALLSTATS LAST PEEKED_BINDS'));

63.查看 SQL 执行计划是否发生改变: 
select distinct SQL_ID,PLAN_HASH_VALUE,to_char(TIMESTAMP,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') TIMESTAMP 
from dba_hist_sql_plan where SQL_ID='&1' order by TIMESTAMP;

64.SYS 临时切换到普通用户: alter session set current_schema=Scott;

65.根据PID查登陆用户及时间: 
select s.SID,s.SERIAL#,s.LOGON_TIME,s.OSUSER,s.USERNAME,s.STATUS,s.PROGRAM from v$session s where s.SID in(
select sid from v$session where paddr 
in (select addr from v$process where spid in (  
30342,
30076,
28599,
13151 )
 ));
 
66.杀会话: 
select 'alter system kill session '''||sid||','||serial#||'''; 'from v$session s  where s.STATUS='INACTIVE'  and LOGON_TIME<=(sysdate-1);
select 'kill -9 '||spid from v$process where addr in (select paddr from v$session where sid in (select sid from v$session s  where s.STATUS='INACTIVE'  and LOGON_TIME<=(sysdate-1/24)));
select 'alter system kill session '''||sid||','||serial#||'''; 'from v$session where SID in (select BLOCKER_SID from v$wait_chains where  IN_WAIT_SECS>100);