Oracle常用SQL大全（二）

1、查看数据文件信息：
col file_name for a55
select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024/1024 gb,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='AM_DATA';
alter tablespace AM_DATA add datafile '+DATA' size 30G;

2、查看 ASM 磁盘组信息：
su - grid 
sqlplus / as sysasm
select group_number,name,total_mb/1024 total_gb,free_mb/1024 free_gb,TYPE from v$asm_diskgroup; 
---调整ASM磁盘均衡级别
ALTER DISKGROUP DATA REBALANCE POWER 10;  
---查看ASM磁盘均衡时间：
select *  from  v$asm_operation;

3、查看 ASM 磁盘组磁盘的信息：
set lin 1000 pagesize 999
col PATH for a33
col NAME for a15
col FAILGROUP for a15
select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE from v$asm_disk where GROUP_NUMBER='1';

4、查看表空间大小：
SELECT a.tablespace_name,round(total/1024/1024/1024) "Total g",
round(free/1024/1024/1024) "Free g",ROUND((total-free)/total,4)*100 "USED%"
FROM (SELECT tablespace_name,SUM(bytes) free FROM
DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP BY tablespace_name ) a,
(SELECT tablespace_name,SUM(bytes) total FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
GROUP BY tablespace_name) b
WHERE a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name
ORDER BY 4;

5、查某个表空间内的前五个大表：
col TABLE_NAME for a30
set pagesize 200
set linesize 200
col TABLE_NAME for a30
set linesize 200
select * from (select TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME "TABLE_NAME",to_number(decode(substr(BYTES/1024/1024,1,1),'.','0'||BYTES/1024/1024,BYTES/1024/1024)) total_MB
from dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME ='&tablespacename' and SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE' order by total_MB desc ) where rownum<=5;

SELECT * FROM (SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 MB FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM' GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER  ORDER BY 3 DESC) WHERE ROWNUM <=5;
OWNER                          SEGMENT_NAME                                                                              MB
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
SYS                            XX_RECNAME_RB_IX                                                                        11136
SYS                            XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX                                                                     9152
SYS                            XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX                                                                       6388
SYS                            XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC                                                                       5490

SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME ,segment_type FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE  segment_name in ('PAYMENTS_RECNAME_RB_IX','XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX','XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX','XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC');

OWNER                          SEGMENT_NAME                                                                      SEGMENT_TYPE
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
SYS                            XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC                                                                 INDEX
SYS                            XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX                                                               INDEX
SYS                            XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX                                                                 INDEX
SYS                            XXXMENTS_RECNAME_RB_IX  

6、查看 shared_pool 的大小：
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from v$sgastat where pool='shared pool';
--查看空闲的：
select * from v$sgastat where name = 'free memory' and pool = 'shared pool';
--统计活动的undo
select sum(bytes /(1024*1024*1024)) from dba_undo_extents where status='ACTIVE';

7、查看占用内存 100k 的 sql 语句：
select sql_text ,sharable_mem from v$sql where sharable_mem > '100000' order by sharable_mem;

8、查看字符集：
select userenv('language') from dual;
select * from nls_database_parameters;

9、Oracle 查询 temp 表空间的名字和位置：
select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_temp_files;
col FILE_NAME for a55
select TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 total_gb,USER_BYTES/1021/1024/1024 gb from dba_temp_files;

create temporary tablespace temp1  tempfile '/rhzxdata/tempdata/pbc/temp01.dbf' size 20G autoextend on maxsize 30G

Oracle查询 temp 表空间的使用率
select tablespace_name,round(free_space/1024/1024/1024,2) "free(GB)",round(tablespace_size/1024/1024/1024,2) "total(GB)",round(nvl(free_space,0)*100/tablespace_size,3) "Free percent"
from dba_temp_free_space;

注意：Primary 端涉及到的临时表空间创建维护、临时文件创建的操作是不会传导到 standby 端的。

10、查看数据库版本：
set line 150   
col ACTION_TIME for a30    
col ACTION for a8    
col NAMESPACE for a8    
col VERSION for a10    
col BUNDLE_SERIES for a5    
col COMMENTS for a20    
select * from dba_registry_history; 

11、查看补丁版本：
JIEKED2:/app/product/11.2.0/db/OPatch$opatch lsinventory

12、查看锁表：
SELECT l.session_id sid, s.serial#, l.locked_mode,l.oracle_username,
l.os_user_name,s.machine, s.terminal, o.object_name, s.logon_time
FROM v$locked_object l, all_objects o, v$session s
WHERE l.object_id = o.object_id
AND l.session_id = s.sid
ORDER BY sid, s.serial# ;

查出锁定表的 session 的 sid, serial#,os_user_name, machine name, terminal 和执行的语句：

SELECT l.session_id sid, s.serial#, l.locked_mode, l.oracle_username, s.user#,
l.os_user_name,s.machine, o.object_name,s.terminal,a.sql_text, a.action
FROM v$sqlarea a,v$session s, v$locked_object l,all_objects o
WHERE l.session_id = s.sid
AND s.prev_sql_addr = a.address
ORDER BY sid, s.serial#;

13、查看视图对应的表：
select * from dba_dependencies where NAME='视图名' and TYPE='VIEW';

14、杀会话命令：alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';

15、查看表大小：
select TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME,sum(BYTES)/1024/1024 total_mb 
from dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME='NEWCAR02' 
group by TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME;

16、查看 GI 兼容版本： select name,compatibility,database_compatibility from  v$asm_diskgroup;

17、查看aix操作系统的资源情况：
prtconf|more
lparstat -i
ortconf
AIX 磁盘扫描命令
root 执行
cfgmgr -v

--查看那个进程占用磁盘空间
fuser -dV /app

AIX 查看错误日志并输出到 messages
JIekeXuY1:/#errpt -dH
IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP T C RESOURCE_NAME DESCRIPTION
DE3B8540 1012214419 P H hdisk18 PATH HAS FAILED
4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR
4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR
4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR

/bin/errpt -a > messages.out 

AIX查看LUNID信息
lscfg -vpl hdisk187 输出结果里的 serial number就是存储要的lunid
# lscfg -vpl hdisk11
  hdisk11          U9080.MME.680A6E8-V7-C2-T1-W500507680C25ADBA-LB000000000000  MPIO FC 2145
        Manufacturer................IBM     
        Machine Type and Model......2145            
        ROS Level and ID............0000
        Device Specific.(Z0)........0000063268181002
        Device Specific.(Z1)........0203202
        Serial Number...............600507680C808570080000000000042B
  PLATFORM SPECIFIC

  Name:  disk
    Node:  disk
    Device Type:  block  
--- 检查磁盘大小（单位M）
bootinfo -s hdisk12
--- 查看磁盘的详细信息
lsattr -El hdisk12
HP：machinfo
（diskinfo /dev/rdisk/disk*  查看磁盘大小）
WIN：msinfo32
SUSE：cat /proc/cpuinfo  （model name ）
---查看资源使用情况：
HP：glance/top
AIX：nmon/topas

--AIX查看版本号
oslevel 
JIEKEXuR2:/app/product/11.2.0/grid/network/log$oslevel
6.1.0.0
---查看内存大小：
HP：/usr/contrib/bin/machinfo | grep -i Memory
AIX: /usr/sbin/lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem
---查看swap分区：
HP：/usr/sbin/swapinfo -a
AIX：/usr/sbin/lsps -s

18、用户相关操作：
select  USERNAME,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE from dba_users;
create user agriproduct identified by product default tablespace users;
grant conncet,resource,create view to product;
--解锁用户
set linesize 500
col USERNAME for a15
col ACCOUNT_STATUS for a15
select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,LOCK_DATE,EXPIRY_DATE,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where USERNAME ='SQLMON';
alter user SQLMON identified by "SQLMON" account unlock;
alter user SQLMON account unlock;
alter user SQLMON identified by "SQLMON";
conn SQLMON/SQLMON
#查看用户具有的权限
1、查询用户有哪些角色：
select *  from dba_role_privs where grantee='&username';
2、查询角色包含哪些权限：
select *  from role_sys_privs where  role='&role';
3、查询用户系统权限：
select  *  from dba_sys_privs where  grantee='&username';
select  *  from dba_tab_privs where  grantee='&username';
--创建 dblink 权限
grant create database link to user ;
grant create public database link to user ;

删除用户：drop user XXX cascade;
解锁用户
alter user muar_rb account unlock identified by &PASSWORD;

查看表空间下的用户
select distinct s.owner from dba_segments s where s.tablespace_name ='&TBSNAME'

19、查看数据量：select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 Gb from dba_segments;

20、查看 REDOLOG 大小：
select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 

21、清理垃圾文件：
 cd &DIR
find ./ -ctime +3 |xargs rm
查看大于1024M的文件
find / -type f -size +1024M -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

22、AIX 操作系统下 ASM 磁盘相关操作：
--- 检查磁盘大小（单位M）
bootinfo -s hdisk0

--- 查看磁盘的详细信息
lsattr -El hdisk0

JIEKEXu:/dev#lsattr -El /dev/hdisk322
lsattr: 0514-519 The following device was not found in the customized
        device configuration database:
        /dev/hdisk322    
JIEKEXu:/dev#su - grid 
JIEKEXu:/home/grid$kfed read /dev/rhdisk322 
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483953 ; 0x008: disk=305
kfbh.check:                  3956950460 ; 0x00c: 0xebda45bc
kfbh.fcn.base:                     2632 ; 0x010: 0x00000a48
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000

--- 检查权限 hdisk是块设备，而rhdisk是字符设备。
ls -l /dev/hdisk*
【排序查看ls -ltr /dev |grep rhdisk】

运行命令lsattr -E -a rw_timeout -F value -l Name，查看rw_timeout的值。
JIEKEY1:/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace$lsattr -E -a rw_timeout -F value -l hdisk16
60
--- 检查PVID
lspv | grep hdiskn
--- 检查保留策略
lsattr -E -l hdisk5 | grep reserve_policy  
--- 查看磁盘是否为共享磁盘
lsattr -El hdisk0 
比对两个主机对应的磁盘号是否一致：unique_id
--- 查看磁盘是否可用
lspv
看PVID是否为none，若为none则数据库可用，再查看数据库当前有没有使用，若没有则可用来扩容ASM磁盘组

23、AIX 下按用户查看占用多少内存：    
svmon -U grid -w |more                       
svmon -U oracle -w | more 

24、AIX 下查看用户下有多少进程：
svmon -PO unit=GB |grep aioserver |wc
svmon -PO unit=GB |grep oracle |wc

lsvg |lsvg -i -p
lsdev -c disk

25、查看服务器底层用的存储类型： lscfg -vpl hdisk40

26、生成AWR报告：
-----某个节点的 AWR
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpti.sql
-----AWR报告
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql
-- AWR 两个时间段的比较报告
@?/rdbms/admin/awrddrpt.sql
-----ASH报告
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql
-----细粒度的 ASH （Enter value for slot_width:1）slot 槽为 1 的 ASH
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpti.sql

关于physical reads ，db block gets 和 consistent gets 这三个参数之间有一个换算公式：
数据缓冲区的使用命中率=1 - ( physical reads / (db block gets + consistent gets) )。
用以下语句可以查看数据缓冲区的命中率：
SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets','physical reads');

查询出来的结果 Buffer Cache 的命中率应该在 90％ 以上，否则需要增加数据缓冲区的大小。

27、查看ASM磁盘挂载时间：
set lines 500 pages 2000
col g_name format a10
col g_n format 99
col d_n format 999
col m_status format a7
col mo_status format a7
col h_status format a11
col name format a20
col path format a20
col failgroup format a15
select g.group_number g_n,
g.disk_number d_n,
g.name name,
g.failgroup,
g.mount_status m_status,
g.header_status h_status,
g.mode_status mo_status,
g.path ,
to_char(g.mount_date, 'YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS') m_date
from v$asm_disk g
order by g_n, d_n

28、查看某个用户所拥有的角色： select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='JKX_NEW_QRY ';

29、查看某个角色所拥有的权限：
select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='SKDATA';
select * from DBA_TAB_PRIVS where grantee='SKDATA';
select view_name from dba_views where view_name like '%PRIVS';

30、修改 LINUX 操作系统 /dev/shm 文件系统大小:
开机自启动：
tmpfs      /dev/shm    tmpfs    defaults,size=20G   0 0
立即生效：
mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=20g /dev/shm 

31、trace 追踪监听文件:
$ ps aux |sort -rnk3 |more
侦听器进程的Pstack / Truss / Strace / Tusc 注意110888.1如何跟踪Unix系统调用
Pstack <PID_of_listener> 

Sun：truss -aefdDo /tmp/truss-lsnr.log -p <PID_of_listener> 
Linux：strace -frT -o /tmp/strace-lsnr.log -p <PID_of_listener> 
HP：tusc -aef -o /tmp/tusc-lsnr.log -T“％H：％M：％S” -p <PID_of_listener> 

32、删除当前目录下十天前 *.dmp 文件: find ./ -name '*.dmp' -mtime +10 -exec rm -f {}

  
33、dds 同步软件:
su - ddsdt 用户，vshmt -c 可以看到同步情况
/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/bin/dds_pput -x
DDS同步软件 类似于OGG的同步软件
10.10.19X.XXX  localhost
10.10.19X.XX     JiekeADG
JiekeADG:/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/picccash/picccash/trace$
hostname:/#su - ddsdt
JiekeADG:/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt$vshmt -c
SHM:
  SHM-VER        : Ver2.13.009
  type           : T
  MULTI_SOURCE   : 1
  size           : 34675744
  SystemStat     : Normal
  OracleLoginStr : ddsdt/ddsdt
  DB-Charset     : 852
  DB-N-Charset   : 2000
  Conv-Charset   : 0
  AuthStr        : ddsdt/ddsdt
  DDS_DATA       : /ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt
  Audit          : No
  QueueCount     : 2
  comm_param     : TCP:10.10.19X.XX:7915
  Source         : TCP:10.10.19X.XXX:7910
  SourceWebport  : 8303
  SizeLogFile    : 104857600
  ReserveTableCNT: 50
  put_retry_cnt  : 3
  alarm_wait_dtf : 300
  has_split_rids : 0
  large_table_blo: 1000
  lob_piece_len  : 8388608
  RM_Blk_Count   : 128
  PutData        : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 12510654:945115120084
  HisData        : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 8893:87198847301
  ChkData        : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 0:0
  AudData        : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 0:0
  dbfInASM       : 1
  DELAY          : 0
  DML_MODE       : RowID
  PackBak        : 5
  Modules        : 0x87
  DDS_RB_HOURS   : 0
  MachineTime    : 20190904182630
  inode-log      : 294
  inode-err      : 281
  DISK-REMAIN(MB): 512
  restart_mem(MB): 256
  DDS_LOBDIR     : 
  sem_count      : 121
  sem_pput       : 8
  sem_pput_h     : 40
  sem_pput_v     : 72
  sem_pput_cmt   : 89
  max_num_pput   : 32
  max_num_pput_h : 32
  max_num_pput_v : 16
  max_num_pput_a : 1
  adjust_op      : 0
  index_retry_cou: 0
  index_retry_del: 60
  SyncTime0      : 2018/07/26 00:35:05
  SCN-PUT00      : SCN-0x83d659c71      SUB:0   Time:2019/09/04 10:29:57
  SCN-PUT01      : SCN-0x83d659c71      SUB:0   Time:2019/09/04 10:29:57
  StopPutIncremen: Normal, Load Increments
  StopCreateIndex: Normal, Load Indexes
  Total          : IRP-160361545 URP-1100746241 DRP-130759 DDL-7 TXN-593096960
  DelayTime      : MIN-28591 MAX-1353324 AVG-229
  PUT-NO-CUR     : 136533
  put0           : 6296809/6296809
  put1           : 6296809/6296809
  his0           : 12033/12033 ATS001
  WaitCommit     : 0-N 1-N 
  SRC#0          : SOURCE       10.10.19X.XXX:7910:8303
JiekeADG:/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt$

34、根据归档号从带库恢复归档日志::
rman target /
run
{
Allocate channel t1 type 'sbt_tape' parms 'ENV=(TDPO_OPTFILE=/usr/tivoli/tsm/client/oracle/bin64/tdpo.opt)';
restore archivelog sequence between 63145 and 63149 thread 1;
restore archivelog sequence between 62697 and 62700 thread 2;
Release channel t1;
}

35、JDBC 连接串:
jdbc:Oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(HOST=10.1XX.XXX.XXX)(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(HOST=10.1XX.XXX.XXX)(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PORT=1521)))(LOAD_BALANCE=yes)(FAILOVER=yes)(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=Jieker)))

36、数据泵导入 :
impdp user/password dumpfile=temp.dmp directory=dump remap_tablespace=[old_table_space]:[new_table_space] 
old是指server1机器上的tablespace_name，new是指server2上的  

37、切换日志打检查点，关闭实例时使用:
alter system switch logfile;
alter system switch logfile;
alter system checkpoint;

38、修改内存:
alter  system  set  memory_max_target=0 scope=spfile;
alter  system  set  memory_target =0 scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_max_size=13G scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_target=13G scope=spfile;
alter  system  set pga_aggregate_target=6G scope=spfile;
###########################################################

安装数据库报错：

/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1

$GRID_HOME/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose //GI回退 root.sh 脚本

###########################################################

39、停 oem 杀会话:
停 oem 服务再停数据库
/app/oms/bin/emctl start/stop oms
Ps -ef | grep -i local=no | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'| xargs kill -9 

40、ASM 掉盘重新挂盘重启 crsd 进程:
su - grid 
crsctl query crs softwareversion  --查看集群版本
asmcmd
lsdg
mount ocr
exit
crsctl start res ora.crsd -init

41、Linux 6 下查看数据库有哪些 IP 连接进来:
netstat -anop | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '$4 ~/:1521/'

--解压 10g 的 cpio 类型安装软件
cpio -idmvc <*.cpio  ----cpio解压

42、清理垃圾文件:
cd &DIR
find ./ -ctime +3 |xargs rm
查看大于20M的文件
find / -type f -size +20M -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

43、查看备库进程:
set pages 9999
set lines 200
select process,client_process,sequence#,thread#,status from v$managed_standby;
---mrp0当前正在应用的日志序列
select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;
---查询dg应用情况
set linesize 150; 
set pagesize 20; 
column name format a13; 
column value format a20; 
column unit format a30; 
column TIME_COMPUTED format a30; 
select name,value,unit,time_computed from v$dataguard_stats where name in ('transport lag','apply lag'); 

44、查询数据库负载 dbtime:
set pages 9999
set lines 200
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
 SELECT *
  FROM ( SELECT A.INSTANCE_NUMBER,
               A.SNAP_ID,
               B.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 BEGIN_TIME,
               B.END_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 END_TIME,
               ROUND(VALUE - LAG( VALUE, 1 , '0')
                     OVER(ORDER BY A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID)) "DB TIME"
          FROM (SELECT B.SNAP_ID,
                       INSTANCE_NUMBER,
                       SUM(VALUE ) / 1000000 / 60 VALUE
                  FROM DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL B
                 WHERE B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE)
                   AND UPPER (B.STAT_NAME) IN UPPER(('DB TIME' ))
                 GROUP BY B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER) A,
               DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT B
         WHERE A.SNAP_ID = B.SNAP_ID
           AND B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE)
           AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = A.INSTANCE_NUMBER)
 WHERE TO_CHAR(BEGIN_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD')
 ORDER BY BEGIN_TIME; 
 
 
45、连接数相关查看:
show parameter process
--查看最大连接数
select value from v$parameter where name ='processes'; 
--查两个节点连接数
select INST_ID,count(*) from gv$session group by inst_id;
--查看起库以来最大连接数
select resource_name,MAX_UTILIZATION,LIMIT_VALUE from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions');
--查看并发连接数
Select INST_ID,count(*) from gv$session where status='ACTIVE' group by inst_id;
--查看不同用户的连接数
select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;

46、查当前的等待事件:
col wait_class for a20
set lines 200 pages 200
col event for a60
select event,count(*),wait_class from v$session_wait group by event,wait_class order by 3;

47、查看归档是否有错误:  select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest;

48、查看数据库运行时间:
select to_char(startup_time,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') 启动时间,
TRUNC(sysdate-(startup_time))||'天'||TRUNC(24*((sysdate-startup_time)-TRUNC(sysdate-startup_time)))
||'小时'||MOD(TRUNC(1440*((SYSDATE-startup_time)-
TRUNC(sysdate-startup_time))),60)
||'分'||MOD(TRUNC(86400*((SYSDATE-STARTUP_TIME)-
TRUNC(SYSDATE-startup_time))),60)
||'秒' 运行时间
from gv$instance;

49、查询dg同步延迟:
select ceil((sysdate-next_time)*24*60) "M" 
from v$archived_log 
where applied='YES' 
AND SEQUENCE#=
(SELECT MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE applied='YES');

50、查询数据库安装时间:
select a.name,to_char(a.created,'yyyy.mm.dd'),b.instance_name 
from gv$database a,gv$instance b 
where a.inst_id=b.inst_id;

51、查看 sys 用户使用情况:
select b.username,h.machine,to_char(h.sample_time,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') time,count(*)
 from dba_hist_active_sess_history h ,dba_users b
where h.user_id=b.user_id and b.username in('SYSTEM','SYS') and h.MACHINE not in (select host_name from gv$instance)
and h.sample_time>to_date('20210208','yyyymmdd')
group by b.username,h.machine,to_char(h.sample_time,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss');

52、查询 redo 每天切换次数:
select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd'),count(1)
from v$log_history
where trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd')>sysdate-10
group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd')
order by 1;

53、查看每天归档产生数据量 归档量:
--按天计算
select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd') Time,sum(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1024/1024/1024 Total_GB from v$archived_log 
group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd') order by 1;    
--按小时计算
select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'hh') Time,sum(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1024/1024/1024 Total_GB from v$archived_log 
group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'hh') order by 1;

54、redo 日志产生频率:
select a.recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') begin_time,
b.recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,
round((b.first_time-a.first_time)*24*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b
where b.recid = a.recid+1 and to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') >=to_char(sysdate-10,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') ;
desc dba_hist_active_sess_history; ----可以查询执行过的sql的主机

55、AIX 查看僵尸进程: ps -ef | grep defunct

56、清理 LOCAL=NO 连接: ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' |xargs kill -9

57、AIX 系统查看错误: errpt | head -20

58、rman 查看归档备份:
rman target /
list backup of archivelog all;

59、查看 rman 备份进度:
set line 200 pages 1000
col MESSAGE for a60
col TARGET for a20
select sid,SERIAL#,TARGET,START_TIME,ELAPSED_SECONDS,TIME_REMAINING,MESSAGE,ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) "%_COMPLETE"
from v$session_longops
where 1=1 --and sid=2983 and SERIAL#=5
and TIME_REMAINING>0 ;

60、查询创建用户的日期:
select t.username, t.account_status, t.created, t.default_tablespace from DBA_USERS t where  username= 'ABASE' order by t.created desc;

61、rman全库备份:
run {
  allocate channel c1 type disk ;
  allocate channel c2 type disk ;
  allocate channel c3 type disk ;
  allocate channel c4 type disk ;
  backup  as compressed backupset database format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.bak';
  backup  as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.arc';
  backup current controlfile for standby format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.ctl';
  release channel c1;
  release channel c2;
  release channel c3;
  release channel c4;
}
--压缩全库备份
backup database format='/u01/app/backup/rman/eweaverstb_%s.bak' filesperset 4;
run{
backup as compressed backupset database format='/u01/app/backup/ewverstb_%s.bak' plus archivelog delete input skip inaccessible;
}

62、数据泵导入导出相关命令:
--expdp导入导出
select * from dba_directories where directory_name ='DATA_PUMP_DIR';
如果目录过小或者不存在,则
create directory expdp_dir as '/u01/app/backup/expdp_dir';
grant read,write on directory expdp_dir  to public;
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=full_bak.dmp full=y;

impdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=full_bak.dmp full=y;

impdb \'/ as sysdba\' DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=full.dmp FULL=y;

--使用 par 文件全库导出
more full_expdp_query.par
directory=exp_dir1
logfile=full_new_exclude.log
dumpfile=full_new_exclude_%U.dmp 
exclude=table:"in('LOG2017','LOG20210115')"
query=GO.POLICYATTACHMENTS:"where createtime>=to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD')"
exclude=statistics
full=y 
parallel=8
cluster=N

nohup expdp \"/ as sysdba\" parfile=full_expdp_query.par & 

--导入
more full_impdp_query.par
directory=imp_dir1
logfile=impdp_full_query.log
dumpfile=full_expdp_query_%U.dmp 
CLUSTER=N
parallel=8 

nohup impdp \"/ as sysdba\" parfile=full_impdp_query.par & 
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=tbs_bak.dmp tables=(XXX,XXX)
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=tbs_bak.dmp tables=\(PROD.SU_UALCOMPEMRESPONINFO,PROD.SU_BASICINFO,PROD.SU_SENDXML,PROD.SU_SENDXMLBATCH\) fromuser=xxx touser=xxx log=tab.log
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=TIF_DP  dumpfile=TSS_20190808.DMP logfile=TSS_20190809.log  fromuser=TSS touser=TS
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir  dumpfile=bbruser.dmp logfile=bbruser.log  fromuser=bbruser touser=bbinfo 

--只导出全库索引
expdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=out_index.log cluster=n include=INDEX full=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Feb 3 14:45:50 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
;;; 
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01":  "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=out_index.log cluster=n include=INDEX full=y 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01 is:
  /oracle/soft/index.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:47:59

SQLFILE参数
该参数可以用于impdp,主要作用是未真实在目标端执行导入的情况下,生成sql文件包含该dmp文件的所有ddl语句,使用语法为
SQLFILE=[directory_object:]file_name
注意事项:
1.directory_object可以不和impdp的DIRECTORY参数不一致,如果是一样,directory_object可以省略
2.SQLFILE文件必须写入到磁盘之上,不能写入到ASM中
3.SQLFILE和QUERY参数冲突,不能同时使用

--获取创建索引的 SQL 
impdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir sqlfile=cre_index.sql  dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=in_index.log cluster=n include=INDEX
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Feb 3 15:06:30 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
;;; 
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01":  "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=index.log cluster=n sqlfile=cre_index.sql include=INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Job "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 15:07:22

--获取创建索引的 SQL 语句
set pages 9999
set line 9999
set long 9999
SELECT dbms_lob.substr(dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX',INDEX_NAME,'SCOTT'))||';'
from dba_indexes
where owner='SCOTT';
  
--导出序列
expdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir dumpfile=sequence.dmp logfile=out_sequence.log cluster=n include=sequence full=y

--删除序列在导入
set line 120 pages 9999
spool drop_sequence.sql
SELECT 'DROP SEQUENCE '||SEQUENCE_OWNER||'.'||SEQUENCE_NAME||';' FROM DBA_SEQUENCES WHERE SEQUENCE_OWNER='SCOTT';
spool off;
@drop_sequnece.sql
impdp \' / as sysdba \'  network_link=db_seq include=sequence

--按条件导出
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 logfile=full_query2021.log dumpfile=full_query_polic_%U.dmp TABLES=ECARGO.POLICYATTACHMENTS query=\"where createtime \>= to_date\(\'20200901\',\'YYYYMMDD\'\)\" 

impdp bbrinfo/8t4V~p5=Y DIRECTORY=expdp_dir dumpfile=bbruser.dmp   REMAP_SCHEMA=bbruser:bbrinfo
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on Friday, 09 August, 2019 14:43:03
Copyright (C) 2003, 2005, Oracle.? All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39000: bad dump file specification
ORA-39142: incompatible version number 3.1 in dump file "/home/oracle/PICCATSSIX_20190808.DMP"

expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 dumpfile=full_query2021_%U.dmp full=y logfile=full2021.log qurey= \"where  policyattachments.createtime>= to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD')\"

impdp scott/tiger ?network_link=test1? TABLES=scott.a? directory=backup? REMAP_TABLE=a:a1 Query="'Where HIREDATE<= to_date(''31-05-1981'', ''dd-mm-yyyy'') and HIREDATE>to_date(''31-01-1981'', ''dd-mm-yyyy'') '"? logfile=test.log ;  

query=bi_dw.DW_MID_CONTRACT:"where data_date in(to_date('2013-11-13','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-11-14','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-8-13','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-8-14','yyyy-mm-dd'))"

expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 logfile=full_query2021.log dumpfile=full_query_%U.dmp TABLES=GO.POLICYATTACHME query=\"where createtime>= to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD') \" parallel=8 cluster=N

源端数据库版本11.2.0.4.0,目标端数据库版本10.2.0.4.0，源端数据库版本高于目标端数据库版本，源端导出数据时加上目标端version：
set lines 300
col OWNER_NAME for a10
col OPERATION for a15
col JOB_MODE for a20
col STATE for a15
select * from dba_datapump_jobs; 

expdp  wxlun/wxlun123 tables=wxlun.WXLUN_TAB01,wxlun.WXLUN_TAB02 directory=expdp dumpfile=wxlun1212.dmp logfile=wxlun1212.log version=10.2.0.4.0
impdp  scott/tiger  directory=expdp  dumpfile=wxlun1212.dmp logfile=wxlun1212.log remap_schema=wxlun:scott  REMAP_TABLESPACE=wxlun:USERS
--cp冷备数据文件 控制文件 参数文件 v$datafile,v$controlfile;

63、查看历史备份:
set line 200
col START_TIME for a30
col END_TIME for a30
col status for a10
select SESSION_KEY,
INPUT_TYPE,
STATUS,
to_char(START_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') START_TIME,
to_char(END_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') END_TIME,
ELAPSED_SECONDS / 3600
from v$rman_backup_job_details
where to_char(START_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') > to_char(sysdate-12,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi')
order by SESSION_KEY;

64、查询数据库增量增长:
select sum(TABLESPACE_USEDSIZE)*8/1024/1024,substr(rtime,0,10)
from DBA_HIST_TBSPC_SPACE_USAGE
where snap_id in (select max(snap_id) from DBA_HIST_TBSPC_SPACE_USAGE group by substr(rtime,0,10) ) --and TABLESPACE_ID=7
group by substr(rtime,0,10) order by 1 ;
--清空SHARED_POOL缓冲
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL ;
--删除已备份归档
rman target /
delete archivelog all backed up 1 times to device type 'sbt_tape';
关于密码错误验证延迟特性：
密码错误验证延迟，可以通过设置EVENT="28401 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1" 
alter system set events='28401 trace name context forever, level 1';   ---不需要重启

65、数据库开启归档:
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
archive log list;

1、归档路径
①如果没有归档存放存储，需要操作系统挂载存储再继续操作
②如果归档存储存在，但并非所想存放的实际路径，可在相关存储下创建目录
mkdir -p /app/oracle/arch
修改归档目录权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall  /app/oracle/arch

③如果归档存储存在，且路径正确，权限正确则可以直接使用

2、备份spfile文件
create pfile from spfile;
3、修改归档路径到想存放的位置，如查询出的归档路径已经是正确的位置，则不需要修改。
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/app/oracle/arch'  scope=spfile sid='*';
4、重启数据库，开启/关闭归档模式（rac两个节点均关闭，使用一个节点修改，修改完成后启动另一个节点）
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
5、归档模式修改：
开启归档模式：
alter database archivelog;
关闭归档模式：
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
如果为集群：需要停止两个节点，在一个节点操作完成后，拉起另一个节点，操作步骤如上，
rac集群启动另一个节点：startup

6、查看数据库归档路径
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
archive log list;
切换日志，查看归档目录下产生归档文件
alter system switch logfile；
7、关闭归档
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
--开启归档模式：
--alter database archivelog;
关闭归档模式：
alter database noarchivelog;

66、 RMAN 全备脚本部署:
①RMAN全备脚本部署
vi /home/oracle/full_backup.sh
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/app/product/11.2.0/db
ORACLE_SID=JiekeXu1
db_name=JiekeXu
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/

v_date=`date +%Y%m%d`
[ -d /backup/$db_name/$v_date ] || mkdir -p /app/backup/$db_name/$v_date

rman target /<<EOF  > /app/backup/$db_name/$v_date/full_$v_date.log
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
backup database format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all delete input format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_controlfile_%U';
backup spfile format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_spfile_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
release channel c1;
}
EOF

②赋权
chmod +x full_backup.sh