Maven的安装配置与使用

1. Maven概念

很多时候我们在开发项目时都需要在项目中导入所需要的jar包，这就避免不了很多时候我们下载的jar包之间存在冲突以及版本不对的情况，maven就很好的解决了这个问题。

2.Maven安装以及配置

 下载地址： http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

2.1 下载解压即可

 

2 .2配置Maven环境变量

此电脑》属性》高级系统设置》环境变量》新建

变量值是指你的Maven解压路径

 Path

 2.3检验Maven是否安装成功

win+R 打开DOS窗口，输入mvn -version

 这里会出现一种情况，就是maven安装成功了，但是下面仍然显示cmd不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行程序，在这里只要在环境变量path里加上%SystemRoot%\system32这句话就可以很好的解决

3更改Maven本地仓库位置，以及maven下载路径

首先，maven会根据你自己写的依赖，到中央仓库去下载所需要的依赖，但是毕竟这个仓库在国外，所以很多时候下载不成功以及下载速度很慢是很自然的现象，所以我们需要到镜像源中去下载jar包

3.1找到自己maven下的conf中的settings.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License athttp://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->

<!--| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:|| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml|| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven| installation). It's normally provided in| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml|| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.||-->

-<settings xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0">

<!-- localRepository| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.|| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository> -->

<localRepository>E:/maven_jar</localRepository>

<!-- interactiveMode| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for| the parameter in question.|| Default: true<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode> -->

<!-- offline| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.|| Default: false<offline>false</offline> -->

<!-- pluginGroups| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.|-->

-<pluginGroups>

<!-- pluginGroup| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup> -->

</pluginGroups>

<!-- proxies| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy| specification in this list marked as active will be used.|-->

-<proxies>

<!-- proxy| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.|<proxy><id>optional</id><active>true</active><protocol>http</protocol><username>proxyuser</username><password>proxypass</password><host>proxy.host.net</host><port>80</port><nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts></proxy> -->

</proxies>

<!-- servers| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.|-->

-<servers>

<!-- server| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).|| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are| used together.|<server><id>deploymentRepo</id><username>repouser</username><password>repopwd</password></server> -->

<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.<server><id>siteServer</id><privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey><passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase></server> -->

</servers>

<!-- mirrors| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.|| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored| it to several places.|| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred| server for that repository.|-->

-<mirrors>

<!-- mirror| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.|<mirror><id>mirrorId</id><mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf><name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name><url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url></mirror> -->

-<mirror>

<id>alimaven</id>

<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>

<name>aliyun maven</name>

<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>

</mirror>

</mirrors>

本地仓库设置 

本地仓库地址自己定义

<localRepository>E:/maven_jar</localRepository>    

这是阿里云镜像仓库的下载地址，将它放入<mirrors>标签中 

<mirror>

<id>alimaven</id>

<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>

<name>aliyun maven</name>

<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>

</mirror>

4. java创建Maven项目以及使用

4.1创建  Maven project

 

创建Maven时保证网络质量良好，第一次创建时需要下载jar包，等待即可 

  

   group id：组织id，一般就是公司域名反写

   artifact id：项目名字

   version：版本

   package：java包名

4.2Maven本地仓库设置 安装路径

添加Mavena安装路径 

本地仓库配置 

4.3jdk配置 

 

 4.4eclipse创建maven工程需要更改下列配置

 4.5修改web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

</web-app>

 5Tomcat运行输出语句

注意：maven项目默认是没有Tomcat依赖的；

 所以需要在maven中导入Tomcat相关依赖，或者说servlet相关的依赖；

5.1pom.xml中导入jar包依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.wyy</groupId>
	<artifactId>Maven_wyy</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>Maven_wyy Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>4.0.1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>Maven_wyy</finalName>
	</build>
</project>

 检验jar包是否成功导入

5.2测试

package com.wyy.demo;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/demo")
public class Demo extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("maven哈哈哈！！！");
	
	}
}