电梯调度是一个典型的
操作系统问题，具体实现可以借助C语言来完成。以下是一个简单的
电梯调度C语言代码示例：
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define FLOOR_NUM 20
#define ELEVATOR_NUM 3
#define MAX_PEOPLE 10
enum Direction {
UP,
DOWN
};
struct Person {
int id;
int start_floor;
int end_floor;
};
struct Elevator {
int id;
int cur_floor;
int num_people;
struct Person people[MAX_PEOPLE];
enum Direction direction;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;
pthread_t thread;
};
struct Building {
struct Elevator elevators[ELEVATOR_NUM];
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
};
void person_init(struct Person *person, int id, int start_floor, int end_floor) {
person->id = id;
person->start_floor = start_floor;
person->end_floor = end_floor;
}
void elevator_init(struct Elevator *elevator, int id) {
elevator->id = id;
elevator->cur_floor = 1;
elevator->num_people = 0;
elevator->direction = UP;
pthread_mutex_init(&elevator->mutex, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&elevator->cond, NULL);
}
void building_init(struct Building *building) {
for (int i = 0; i < ELEVATOR_NUM; i++) {
elevator_init(&building->elevators[i], i);
}
pthread_mutex_init(&building->mutex, NULL);
}
void elevator_add_person(struct Elevator *elevator, struct Person *person) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&elevator->mutex);
while (elevator->num_people >= MAX_PEOPLE) { //
电梯已满
pthread_cond_wait(&elevator->cond, &elevator->mutex); // 等待
}
elevator->people[elevator->num_people++] = *person;
pthread_cond_signal(&elevator->cond); // 通知
电梯已有人
pthread_mutex_unlock(&elevator->mutex);
}
void elevator_remove_person(struct Elevator *elevator, int index) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&elevator->mutex);
for (int i = index; i < elevator->num_people - 1; i++) {
elevator->people[i] = elevator->people[i + 1];
}
elevator->num_people--;
pthread_cond_signal(&elevator->cond); // 通知
电梯已有空位
pthread_mutex_unlock(&elevator->mutex);
}
void elevator_move(struct Elevator *elevator) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&elevator->mutex);
if (elevator->direction == UP) {
for (int i = 0; i < FLOOR_NUM; i++) {
if (i < elevator->cur_floor) { // 已经经过的楼层
continue;
}
elevator->cur_floor = i;
printf("
电梯%d上行到%d楼\n", elevator->id, elevator->cur_floor);
for (int j = 0; j < elevator->num_people; j++) { // 检查每个人是否到达目的地
if (elevator->people[j].end_floor == elevator->cur_floor) {
printf("
电梯%d有人在%d楼下
电梯\n", elevator->id, elevator->cur_floor);
elevator_remove_person(elevator, j);
j--;
}
}
if (elevator->cur_floor == FLOOR_NUM - 1) { // 到达顶层，改为下行
elevator->direction = DOWN;
break;
}
}
} else {
for (int i = FLOOR_NUM - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i > elevator->cur_floor) { // 已经经过的楼层
continue;
}
elevator->cur_floor = i;
printf("
电梯%d下行到%d楼\n", elevator->id, elevator->cur_floor);
for (int j = 0; j < elevator->num_people; j++) { // 检查每个人是否到达目的地
if (elevator->people[j].end_floor == elevator->cur_floor) {
printf("
电梯%d有人在%d楼下
电梯\n", elevator->id, elevator->cur_floor);
elevator_remove_person(elevator, j);
j--;
}
}
if (elevator->cur_floor == 0) { // 到达底层，改为上行
elevator->direction = UP;
break;
}
}
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&elevator->mutex);
}
void *elevator_thread(void *arg) {
struct Elevator *elevator = (struct Elevator *)arg;
while (1) {
elevator_move(elevator);
usleep(1); // 等待一段时间，模拟
电梯运行
}
return NULL;
}
void building_add_person(struct Building *building, struct Person *person) {
int elevator_id = rand() % ELEVATOR_NUM;
pthread_mutex_lock(&building->elevators[elevator_id].mutex);
elevator_add_person(&building->elevators[elevator_id], person);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&building->elevators[elevator_id].mutex);
}
void *person_thread(void *arg) {
struct Person *person = (struct Person *)arg;
printf("有人[%d]在%d楼等
电梯\n", person->id, person->start_floor);
building_add_person((struct Building *)arg, person);
return NULL;
}
int main() {
srand(time(NULL)); // 随机数种子
struct Building building;
building_init(&building);
pthread_t person_threads[MAX_PEOPLE];
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PEOPLE; i++) {
struct Person person;
person_init(&person, i, rand() % FLOOR_NUM, rand() % FLOOR_NUM);
pthread_create(&person_threads[i], NULL, person_thread, (void *)&building);
usleep(10000); // 等待一段时间，模拟人的到来
}
for (int i = 0; i < ELEVATOR_NUM; i++) {
pthread_create(&building.elevators[i].thread, NULL, elevator_thread, (void *)&building.elevators[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PEOPLE; i++) {
pthread_join(person_threads[i], NULL);
}
for (int i = 0; i < ELEVATOR_NUM; i++) {
pthread_cancel(building.elevators[i].thread);
}
return 0;
}
```
以上代码实现了一个多线程的
电梯调度，包括
电梯的初始化、人员的加入和移除、
电梯的移动等功能。在主函数中，我们使用多个线程模拟了多个人同时在楼层等
电梯，通过调用`building_add_person`函数将人分配给随机选择的
电梯。
电梯运行的过程在`elevator_thread`函数中被模拟，通过调用`elevator_move`函数实现
电梯的移动，每次移动后等待一段时间，模拟
电梯的实际运行。最后，我们使用`pthread_cancel`函数取消
电梯线程的运行。
需要注意的是，多线程程序中需要使用锁和条件变量来保
证线程之间的同步和互斥，避免出现竞态条件等问题。在以上代码中，我们使用了`pthread_mutex_t`和`pthread_cond_t`等线程相关的函数来实现同步和互斥。
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