Next smaller number with the same digits (4kyu)

Next smaller number with the same digits (4kyu)

Description

Write a function that takes a positive integer and returns the next smaller positive integer containing the same digits.

For example:

next_smaller(21) == Some(12)
next_smaller(531) == Some(513)
next_smaller(2071) == Some(2017)

Return -1 (for Haskell: return Nothing, for Rust: return None), when there is no smaller number that contains the same digits. Also return -1 when the next smaller number with the same digits would require the leading digit to be zero.

next_smaller(9) == None
next_smaller(135) == None
next_smaller(1027) == None  // 0721 is out since we don't write numbers with leading zeros

• some tests will include very large numbers.
• test data only employs positive integers.

Solution

The step of finding next smaller number:

take num = 32514 as an example

1. Find the position i of the first digit from lower to upper place that is smaller than its right dight, got i=3 .
2. If i==0 , the num has no next smaller number.
3. Find the position j of the first digit that is smaller that num[i-1] , which is 5, got j = 4 .
4. Swap ( i-1 , j ), got 32415 .
5. Reverse the digits to the right of i-1 , got 32451 .
6. Check the length of the result. Return None if it’s not equal to num.len() .

fn next_smaller_number(n: u64) -> Option<u64> {
    let mut digits: Vec<u64> = n.to_string().chars().map(|d| d.to_digit(10).unwrap() as u64).collect();
    let mut i = digits.len() - 1;
    while i > 0 && digits[i - 1] <= digits[i] { // find first digit that is smaller than the digit to its right
        i -= 1;
    }
    if i == 0 {
        return None;
    }
    let mut j = digits.len() - 1;
    while digits[j] >= digits[i - 1] { // find the smallest digit to the right of i - 1 that is larger than it
        j -= 1;
    }
    digits.swap(i - 1, j);
    digits[i..].reverse();
    let result = digits.iter().fold(0, |acc, &d| acc * 10 + d);
    if result == 0 {
        None
    } else {
        if result.to_string().len() != digits.len() {
            return None;
        }
        Some(result)
    }
}