Ansible自动化运维工具之playbook剧本编写

 一.playbook的相关知识

1.1 playbook 的简介 

playbook是 一个不同于使用Ansible命令行执行方式的模式，其功能更强大灵活。简单来说，playbook是一个非常简单的配置管理和多主机部署系统，不同于任何已经存在的模式，可作为一个适合部署复杂应用程序的基础。Playbook可以定制配置，可以按照指定的操作步骤有序执行，支持同步和异步方式。我们完成一个任务，例如安装部署一个httpd服务，我们需要多个模块（一个模块也可以称之为task）提供功能来完成。而playbook就是组织多个task的容器，他的实质就是一个文件，有着特定的组织格式，它采用的语法格式是YAML（Yet Another Markup Language）。

1.2 playbook的 各部分组成

（1）Tasks：任务，即通过 task 调用 ansible 的模板将多个操作组织在一个 playbook 中运行
（2）Variables：变量
（3）Templates：模板
（4）Handlers：处理器，当changed状态条件满足时，（notify）触发执行的操作
（5）Roles：角色

 

2. 基础的playbook剧本编写实例

playbook中运用的模块就是ansible中的模块，就像docker-compose一样将docker操作容器的指令归纳为一个yaml文件，开启运行yaml中的指令模块就能按照预设计的方向去完成。 

实例1：playbook编写 apache的yum安装部署剧本
剧本编写实现的需求：对Ansible管理的所有的webservers组的成员，yum安装最新版本的apache服务软件，并进行相应环境的调整，确保webservers的apache服务能够正常运行并设置开机自启 
 

cd /etc/ansible    #在ansible的所在目录中创建该项目的目录
mkdir apache
vim apache.yaml
---
- name: apache yum apply
  gather_facts: false
  hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: test connection
     ping:
   - name: stop firewalld
     service: name=firewalld state=stopped
   - name: stop selinux
     command: '/usr/sbin/setenforce 0'
     ignore_errors: true
   - name: yum install apache service
     yum: name=httpd state=latest
   - name: start apache service
     service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

 运行剧本的方法：

//运行playbook
ansible-playbook apache.yaml
 
 
 
 
 
 
//补充参数：
-k（–ask-pass）：用来交互输入ssh密码
-K（-ask-become-pass）：用来交互输入sudo密码
-u：指定用户
ansible-playbook apache.yaml --syntax-check    #检查yaml文件的语法是否正确
ansible-playbook apache.yaml --list-task       #检查tasks任务
ansible-playbook apache.yaml --list-hosts      #检查生效的主机
ansible-playbook apache.yaml --start-at-task='install httpd'     #指定从某个task开始运行

 

实例2：playbook编写nginx 的yum安装并且能修改其监听端口的剧本

 需求：通过yum安装nginx服务，并且能够控制被管理的主机的服务的开启，按照预设的配置在运   行时的端口。

在编写剧本前，需要准备相应的两个文件，一个为nginx的yum源。一个为相对应的主配置文件，在主配置文件中修改其端口，在将该配置移至被管理主机中，作为运行启动时的默认配置 

 

 剧本编写：

mkdir /etc/ansible/nginx
 
vim nginx.yaml 
---
- name: nginx script
  gather_facts: false
  hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: test connection
     ping:
   - name: stop firewalld
     service: name=firewalld state=stopped enabled=no
   - name: stop selinux
     command: '/usr/sbin/setenforce 0'
     ignore_errors: true
   - name: prepare nginx repo
     copy: src=/etc/ansible/nginx/nginx.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
   - name: install nginx
     yum: name=nginx state=latest
   - name: change port
     copy: src=/opt/default.conf dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
     notify: "restart nginx"
   - name: start nginx
     service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
  handlers:
   - name: restart nginx
     service: name=nginx state=restarted

 

●files
用来存放由 copy 模块或 script 模块调用的文件。

●templates
用来存放 jinjia2 模板，template 模块会自动在此目录中寻找 jinjia2 模板文件。

●tasks
此目录应当包含一个 main.yml 文件，用于定义此角色的任务列表，此文件可以使用 include 包含其它的位于此目录的 task 文件。

●handlers
此目录应当包含一个 main.yml 文件，用于定义此角色中触发条件时执行的动作。

●vars
此目录应当包含一个 main.yml 文件，用于定义此角色用到的变量。

●defaults
此目录应当包含一个 main.yml 文件，用于为当前角色设定默认变量。

●meta
此目录应当包含一个 main.yml 文件，用于定义此角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
 
集中式lamp的简单role编写过程：

//在一个 playbook 中使用 roles 的步骤：
（1）创建以 roles 命名的目录
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/ -p    #yum装完默认就有
 
（2）创建全局变量目录（可选）
mkdir /etc/ansible/group_vars/ -p
touch /etc/ansible/group_vars/all     #文件名自己定义，引用的时候注意
 
（3）在 roles 目录中分别创建以各角色名称命名的目录，如 httpd、mysql
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql
 
（4）在每个角色命名的目录中分别创建files、handlers、tasks、templates、meta、defaults和vars目录，用不到的目录可以创建为空目录，也可以不创建
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta}
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta}
 
（5）在每个角色的 handlers、tasks、meta、defaults、vars 目录下创建 main.yml 文件，千万不能自定义文件名
touch /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
 
（6）修改 site.yml 文件，针对不同主机去调用不同的角色
vim /etc/ansible/site.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
     - httpd
- hosts: dbservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
     - mysql
	 
（7）运行 ansible-playbook
cd /etc/ansible
ansible-playbook site.yml
 
 
示例：
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/php/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p
 
touch /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/php/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
 
------编写httpd模块------
写一个简单的tasks/main.yml
vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml
- name: install apache
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start apache
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started
 
//定义变量：可以定义在全局变量中，也可以定义在roles角色变量中，一般定义在角色变量中
vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/vars/main.yml
pkg: httpd
svc: httpd
 
-------编写mysql模块-------
vim /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install mysql
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start mysql
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started
  
vim /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/vars/main.yml
pkg:
  - mariadb
  - mariadb-server
svc: mariadb
 
-------编写php模块-----
vim /etc/ansible/roles/php/tasks/main.yml
- name: install php
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start php-fpm
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started
 
vim /etc/ansible/roles/php/vars/main.yml
pkg:
  - php
  - php-fpm
svc: php-fpm
 
-----编写roles示例-----
vim /etc/ansible/site.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
   - httpd
   - mysql
   - php
 
 
cd /etc/ansible
ansible-playbook site.yml
 
 
 
 

集中式编写lnmp

vim /etc/ansible/hosts

 vim /etc/ansible/lnmp.yml

---
- name: yum nginx
  gather_facts: false
  hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: test connection
    ping:
  - name: disable selinux
    command: '/usr/sbin/setenforce 0'
    ignore_errors: true
  - name: disable firewalld
    service: name=firewalld state=stopped enabled=no
  - name: prepare file
    copy: src=/opt/nginx.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d
  - name: install nginx
    yum: name=nginx
  - name: prepare nginx configuration file
    copy: src=/opt/default.conf dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf mode=644 owner=nginx group=nginx
    notify: "restart nginx"
  - name: start nginx
    service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
  handlers:
  - name: restart nginx
    service: name=nginx state=restarted
- name: yum mysql
  hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: yum remove mariadb*
    yum : name=mariadb* state=absent
  - name: wget mysql
    shell: 'wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm'
  - name: install mysql-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
    yum: name=mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
  - name: sed mysql-community.repo
    shell: "sed -i 's/gpgcheck=1/gpgcheck=0/' /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo"
  - name: yum mysql-community-server
    yum: name=mysql-server
  - name: start mysqld
    service: name=mysqld state=started enabled=yes
  - name: mysql.sh
    script: /opt/mysql.sh
  - name: yum remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
    yum: name=mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch state=absent
- name: yum php
  gather_facts: false
  hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    app:
    - php72w
    - php72w-cli
    - php72w-common
    - php72w-devel
    - php72w-embedded
    - php72w-gd
    - php72w-mbstring
    - php72w-pdo
    - php72w-xml
    - php72w-fpm
    - php72w-mysqlnd
    - php72w-opcache

  tasks: 
  - name: rpm php
    shell: 'rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm&&rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm'
    ignore_errors: true
  - name: yum php
    yum: name={{app}}
  - name: start php
    service: name=php-fpm state=started enabled=yes
  - name: add php user
    user: name=php shell=/sbin/nologin

  - name: create /www dir
    file: path=/www state=directory

  - name: copy index.php
    copy: src=/opt/index.php dest=/www/index.php

  - name: copy configuration file
    copy: src=/opt/www.conf dest=/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

  - name: modify php.ini
    shell: "sed -i 's#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/shanghai#' /etc/php.ini"

  - name: start php-fpm
    service: name=php-fpm state=restarted enabled=yes

 vim default.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /www;
        fastcgi_pass   192.168.6.154:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

vim mysql.sh

passwd=$(grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log | awk '{print $NF}')
echo $passwd
mysql -uroot -p${passwd} --connect-expired-password -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin@123';"
mysql -uroot -pAdmin@123 -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'Admin@123' with grant option;"

 vim www.conf

; Start a new pool named 'www'.
[www]

; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
user = php
; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
group = php

; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
;   'ip.add.re.ss:port'    - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on
;                            a specific port;
;   '[ip:6:addr:ess]:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on
;                            a specific port;
;   'port'                 - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses
;                            (IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port;
;   '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = 192.168.6.154:9000

; Set listen(2) backlog.
; Default Value: 511 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = 511

; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
;                 mode is set to 0660
;listen.owner = nobody
;listen.group = nobody
;listen.mode = 0660
; When POSIX Access Control Lists are supported you can set them using
; these options, value is a comma separated list of user/group names.
; When set, listen.owner and listen.group are ignored
;listen.acl_users =
;listen.acl_groups =

; List of addresses (IPv4/IPv6) of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
listen.allowed_clients = 192.168.6.154

; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the pool processes (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)
; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
;       - The pool processes will inherit the master process priority
;         unless it specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19

; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
;   static  - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
;   dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
;             following directives. With this process management, there will be
;             always at least 1 children.
;             pm.max_children      - the maximum number of children that can
;                                    be alive at the same time.
;             pm.start_servers     - the number of children created on startup.
;             pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is less than this
;                                    number then some children will be created.
;             pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is greater than this
;                                    number then some children will be killed.
;  ondemand - no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when
;             new requests will connect. The following parameter are used:
;             pm.max_children           - the maximum number of children that
;                                         can be alive at the same time.
;             pm.process_idle_timeout   - The number of seconds after which
;                                         an idle process will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic

; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes when pm is set to 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to 'static', 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 50

; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 5

; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 5

; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

; The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'ondemand'
; Default Value: 10s
;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;

; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
;pm.max_requests = 500

; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations:
;   pool                 - the name of the pool;
;   process manager      - static, dynamic or ondemand;
;   start time           - the date and time FPM has started;
;   start since          - number of seconds since FPM has started;
;   accepted conn        - the number of request accepted by the pool;
;   listen queue         - the number of request in the queue of pending
;                          connections (see backlog in listen(2));
;   max listen queue     - the maximum number of requests in the queue
;                          of pending connections since FPM has started;
;   listen queue len     - the size of the socket queue of pending connections;
;   idle processes       - the number of idle processes;
;   active processes     - the number of active processes;
;   total processes      - the number of idle + active processes;
;   max active processes - the maximum number of active processes since FPM
;                          has started;
;   max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
;                          when pm tries to start more children (works only for
;                          pm 'dynamic' and 'ondemand');
; Value are updated in real time.
; Example output:
;   pool:                 www
;   process manager:      static
;   start time:           01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
;   start since:          62636
;   accepted conn:        190460
;   listen queue:         0
;   max listen queue:     1
;   listen queue len:     42
;   idle processes:       4
;   active processes:     11
;   total processes:      15
;   max active processes: 12
;   max children reached: 0
;
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html', 'xml' or 'json' in the query string will return the corresponding
; output syntax. Example:
;   http://www.foo.bar/status
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?json
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?html
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?xml
;
; By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing 'full' in the
; query string will also return status for each pool process.
; Example:
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full
; The Full status returns for each process:
;   pid                  - the PID of the process;
;   state                - the state of the process (Idle, Running, ...);
;   start time           - the date and time the process has started;
;   start since          - the number of seconds since the process has started;
;   requests             - the number of requests the process has served;
;   request duration     - the duration in µs of the requests;
;   request method       - the request method (GET, POST, ...);
;   request URI          - the request URI with the query string;
;   content length       - the content length of the request (only with POST);
;   user                 - the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or '-' if not set);
;   script               - the main script called (or '-' if not set);
;   last request cpu     - the %cpu the last request consumed
;                          it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
;                          because CPU calculation is done when the request
;                          processing has terminated;
;   last request memory  - the max amount of memory the last request consumed
;                          it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
;                          because memory calculation is done when the request
;                          processing has terminated;
; If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the
; last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to
; the current request being served.
; Example output:
;   ************************
;   pid:                  31330
;   state:                Running
;   start time:           01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
;   start since:          63087
;   requests:             12808
;   request duration:     1250261
;   request method:       GET
;   request URI:          /test_mem.php?N=10000
;   content length:       0
;   user:                 -
;   script:               /home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php
;   last request cpu:     0.00
;   last request memory:  0
;
; Note: There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available
;       It's available in: @EXPANDED_DATADIR@/fpm/status.html
;
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;pm.status_path = /status

; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;ping.path = /ping

; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong

; The access log file
; Default: not set
;access.log = log/$pool.access.log

; The access log format.
; The following syntax is allowed
;  %%: the '%' character
;  %C: %CPU used by the request
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{user}C for user CPU only
;      - %{system}C for system CPU only
;      - %{total}C  for user + system CPU (default)
;  %d: time taken to serve the request
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{seconds}d (default)
;      - %{miliseconds}d
;      - %{mili}d
;      - %{microseconds}d
;      - %{micro}d
;  %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)
;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env
;      variable. Some exemples:
;      - server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e
;      - HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e
;  %f: script filename
;  %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only)
;  %m: request method
;  %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{bytes}M (default)
;      - %{kilobytes}M
;      - %{kilo}M
;      - %{megabytes}M
;      - %{mega}M
;  %n: pool name
;  %o: output header
;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header:
;      - %{Content-Type}o
;      - %{X-Powered-By}o
;      - %{Transfert-Encoding}o
;      - ....
;  %p: PID of the child that serviced the request
;  %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request
;  %q: the query string
;  %Q: the '?' character if query string exists
;  %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)
;  %R: remote IP address
;  %s: status (response code)
;  %t: server time the request was received
;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
;      The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag
;      e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use: %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t
;  %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished)
;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
;      The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag
;      e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use: %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t
;  %u: remote user
;
; Default: "%R - %u %t \"%m %r\" %s"
;access.format = "%R - %u %t \"%m %r%Q%q\" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%"

; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log

; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0

; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_terminate_timeout = 0

; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024

; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0

; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
;       possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
;       (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =

; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www

; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes

; Clear environment in FPM workers
; Prevents arbitrary environment variables from reaching FPM worker processes
; by clearing the environment in workers before env vars specified in this
; pool configuration are added.
; Setting to "no" will make all environment variables available to PHP code
; via getenv(), $_ENV and $_SERVER.
; Default Value: yes
;clear_env = no

; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can
; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit
; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to
; exectute php code.
; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions.
; Default Value: .php
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php7

; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp

; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
;   php_value/php_flag             - you can set classic ini defines which can
;                                    be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
;   php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
;                                     PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.

; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.

; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
;                specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 128M

; Set session path to a directory owned by process user
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path]    = /var/lib/php/session
php_value[soap.wsdl_cache_dir]  = /var/lib/php/wsdlcache

 vim index.php

<?php
phpinfo();
?>