阳哥JUC并发编程之AQS后篇全网最详细源码笔记

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-05 12:05:25 发布

李知恩真爱粉

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-05 12:05:25 发布

阅读量763

点赞数

分类专栏： JUC并发编程文章标签： java 数据库算法 jvm 面试

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_59823583/article/details/128400817

版权

JUC并发编程专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

文章目录

AQS后序课程笔记

在这里插入图片描述

源码

AQS使用一个volatile的int类型的成员变量来表示同步状态，通过内置的FIFO队列完成资源获取排队工作，将每条要去抢占资源的线程封装成一个NODE节点来实现锁的分配，通过CAS完成对State值的修改

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-wCBf97SK-1671620584184)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219194050095.png)]$

AQS同步队列的基本结构
AQS的本质是一个双向队列加一个状态为state

在这里插入图片描述

AQS源码

源码解读

是一个双向队列，然后包含头和尾同时，Node进行线程资源的封装，更据CAS的state来进行锁的竞争，阻塞就加入到队列尾部

在这里插入图片描述

====
在这里插入图片描述

属性说明：

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-3Jq1Mcmm-1671620584189)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219200709419.png)]$

ReentryLock

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-SZMh3xN6-1671620584189)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219202656495.png)]$

在这里插入图片描述

ReentryLock锁的原理分析

lock 的底子是操作Sync

    //我们默认是false，代表创建的是非公平锁   
	ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();   

	/**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
     * This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
     */
    public ReentrantLock() {
        sync = new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
     * given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }

公平锁以及非公平锁源码详解

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ueB7vVxn-1671620584190)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219204728742.png)]$

公平锁

    /**
     * Sync object for fair locks
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * Fair version of tryAcquire.  Don't grant access unless
         * recursive call or no waiters or is first.
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

非公平锁

    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }
//非公平锁的尝试获取锁源码
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-3POx8quR-1671620584190)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219204845791.png)]$

在这里插入图片描述

Aquire方法调用原码流程分析

调用Lock方法时，无论公平还是非公平都会最终调用到acquire字段；

第一步、tryAquire

执行流程1.，非公平锁由于此时state已经是1了，然后走else分支，调用aquire方法，进来后走进If分支条件的tryAquire()，匹配后锁竞争失败，因此前置的！fasle为true->走auireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE))


/**
     * Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts.  Implemented
     * by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
     * returning on success.  Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
     * repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
     * #tryAcquire} until success.  This method can be used
     * to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
     *        can represent anything you like.
     */
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }
//非公平锁的尝试获取锁源码
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

tryAquire代码

在这里插入图片描述

第二步、addwrite

执行流程2 addWriter;调用Node节点的方法，是一个双向链表；初始化的时候创建了一个虚拟头节点，首尾相连

在这里插入图片描述

创建虚拟哨兵节点

具体如下：

在这里插入图片描述

   private Node enq(final Node node) {
        for (;;) {
            Node t = tail;
            if (t == null) { // Must initialize
                if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                    tail = head;
            } else {
                node.prev = t;
                if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
                    t.next = node;           //上面第二张图
                    return t;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * CAS tail field. Used only by enq.-》变成尾指针
     */
    private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
    }
    /**
     * Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode.
     *
     * @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared
     * @return the new node
     */
    private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
        Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
        // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
        Node pred = tail;
        if (pred != null) {
            node.prev = pred;
            if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
                pred.next = node;
                return node;
            }
        }
        enq(node);
        return node;
    }

第三步：aquireQueued

执行流程三：调用aquireQueued,进行线程入队之后坐稳->根据源码后面的可知每次都是后入队列的将前面的唤醒，前面的waitState = -1

在这里插入图片描述

1.Node代表当前线程对象，arg代表此时Thread的state值

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-yWOXPTIt-1671620584196)(C:\Users\裴承林\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20221219220435973.png)]$

2.当线程A一直持有锁的时候，会先走shouldParkAfterFaildAcquire

在这里插入图片描述

3.由于第一次初始化时waitstate是0，因此第一次是false，进行for循环，再来一次，此时ws=pred.waitStatus==1；返回true;接着调用LockSupport,park阻塞

在这里插入图片描述

    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

//1.创建双向队列
    private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
        Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
        // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
        Node pred = tail;
        if (pred != null) {
            node.prev = pred;
            if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
                pred.next = node;
                return node;
            }
        }
        enq(node);
        return node;
    } 
//2.
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
        int ws = pred.waitStatus;
        if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
            /*
             * This node has already set status asking a release
             * to signal it, so it can safely park.
             */
            return true;
        if (ws > 0) {
            /*
             * Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and
             * indicate retry.
             */
            do {
                node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
            } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
            pred.next = node;
        } else {
            /*
             * waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE.  Indicate that we
             * need a signal, but don't park yet.  Caller will need to
             * retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking.
             */
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
        }
        return false;
    }

//3.
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
        LockSupport.park(this);
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

AQS释放锁的过程

第一步、释放锁

B获得到线程：首先是A释放之后，state变成0，代表空闲了，紧接着我们将B节点要进行唤醒，将waitState=-1变成0（B这里是需要竞争锁的，以防现在过来一个X线程来竞争）；获取到之后B节点置为null同时将之前的虚拟节点删除掉，如下图

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-QLxmdwmi-1671620584198)(E:/img/image-20221220115803308.png)]

//0.释放锁，releases=1
  protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
      //将正在要退出的线程进行锁的释放
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

//1.先进来判断，第一次虚拟节点的waitstate=-1 
public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
//2.unparkSuccessor
    /**
     * Wakes up node's successor, if one exists.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
        /*
         * If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
         * to clear in anticipation of signalling.  It is OK if this
         * fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
         */
        int ws = node.waitStatus;
        if (ws < 0)
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0); //将虚拟节点置为0

        /*
         * Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
         * just the next node.  But if cancelled or apparently null,
         * traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
         * non-cancelled successor.
         */
        Node s = node.next;
        if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
            s = null;
            for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
                if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                    s = t;
        }
        if (s != null)
            LockSupport.unpark(s.thread); //调用这个进行释放锁
    }
    /**
     * CAS waitStatus field of a node.
     */
    private static final boolean compareAndSetWaitStatus(Node node,
                                                         int expect,
                                                         int update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(node, waitStatusOffset,
                                        expect, update);
    }

第二步进入aquireQueue

此时经过释放锁后，tryAquire（arg）此时为true;//tryquire是在判断是否需要竞争的；然后接着走最开始那个图的流程，

    final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) { 
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;// 返回是否被是否被打断
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    } 


        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }


   private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
        int ws = pred.waitStatus;
        if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
            /*
             * This node has already set status asking a release
             * to signal it, so it can safely park.
             */
            return true;
        if (ws > 0) {
            /*
             * Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and
             * indicate retry.
             */
            do {
                node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
            } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
            pred.next = node;
        } else {
            /*
             * waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE.  Indicate that we
             * need a signal, but don't park yet.  Caller will need to
             * retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking.
             */
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
        }
        return false;
    }



    /**
     * Convenience method to park and then check if interrupted
     *
     * @return {@code true} if interrupted
     */
    private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
        LockSupport.park(this);
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

AQS异常情况下走Cancel流程分析

当队列中有一个突然不想排了，怎么办？比如说5号节点走了是一种情况，4号节点走了是一个情况、或者34节点走了又是一个情况

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Izy4nidB-1671620584199)(E:/img/image-20221220133117758.png)]

    /**
     * Cancels an ongoing attempt to acquire.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
        // Ignore if node doesn't exist
        if (node == null)
            return;

        node.thread = null;

        // Skip cancelled predecessors
        Node pred = node.prev;
        while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;

        // predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
        // fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
        // or signal, so no further action is necessary.
        Node predNext = pred.next;

        // Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
        // After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
        // Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
        node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;

        // If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
        if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
            compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
        } else {
            // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
            // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
            int ws;
            if (pred != head &&
                ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
                 (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
                pred.thread != null) {
                Node next = node.next;
                if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                    compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
            } else {
                unparkSuccessor(node);
            }

            node.next = node; // help GC
        }
    }

第一种队尾的情况：

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-UM7vnwow-1671620584199)(E:/img/image-20221220133803241.png)]

    private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
        // Ignore if node doesn't exist
        if (node == null)
            return;
//1.要走了对位这个线程肯定置为null
        node.thread = null;

        // Skip cancelled predecessors
        Node pred = node.prev;  //2.记录前置节点
        while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
        Node predNext = pred.next;
        node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED; //3.waitstate值改成了1
        // If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
        if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {  //4.将我们的尾部前面的节点置为tail
            compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);  //5.将尾部值改为Null
        } else {
            // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
            // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
            int ws;
            if (pred != head &&
                ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
                 (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
                pred.thread != null) {
                Node next = node.next;
                if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                    compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
            } else {
                unparkSuccessor(node);
            }

            node.next = node; // help GC
        }
    }

第二种出队的情况：

当我们的4号要出队列的时候

   private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
        // Ignore if node doesn't exist
        if (node == null)
            return;

        node.thread = null;

        // Skip cancelled predecessors
        Node pred = node.prev;   //1.pred代表3号节点线程
        while (pred.waitStatus > 0) //2.是代表有多个出队列的情况，要一直找到没有取消的为止
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
		//3.5号节点线程
        Node predNext = pred.next;

        // Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
        // After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
        // Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
        node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;  //4.此时4号节点的waitState变成了1
		
       //5.因为我们不是tail；因此走else分支
       else {
            // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
            // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
            int ws;
            if (pred != head &&
                ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
                 (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
                pred.thread != null) {
                //6. next是5号节点
                Node next = node.next;
                if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                    compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next); //7.将3号的指向5号
            } else {
                unparkSuccessor(node);
            }

            node.next = node; // help GC
        }
    }

总结：

ReentryLock加锁流程

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-U64uGXq9-1671620584200)(E:/img/image-20221220141216070.png)]

流程图

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-cjGxcVTa-1671620584200)(E:/img/image-20221220141408923.png)]

lock分为公平锁和非公平锁，lock()都是调用aquire方法，如果尝试获取锁tryAquire获取到了，就直接返回了，大多数情况会失败，然后就要入队列aquireQueued

    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

1：尝试获取锁

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-5B9Ey3Eq-1671620584201)(E:/img/image-20221220141644996.png)]

hasQueuedPredecessors（公平锁）

在这里插入图片描述

2.尝试获取锁失败进入addWriter

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-46egXNkz-1671620584203)(E:/img/image-20221220142938326.png)]

初始化

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-4jk3gP3g-1671620584203)(E:/img/image-20221220143037909.png)]

加入队列后了

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-RJOTy03t-1671620584204)(E:/img/image-20221220143156181.png)]

3：经过在抢枪tryAquire自旋后了在进入队列阻塞的

if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
     }  

private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
        LockSupport.park(this);
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-DsKsXXWU-1671620584204)(E:/img/image-20221220155035794.png)]

在这里插入图片描述

当线程进入队列时，当自选竞争失败后走到shouldParkFaildAcquire，需要将waitState得值进行修改;最开始初始化加进来的时候state都是0；后面加进队列后waitState=-1了；

在这里插入图片描述

读写锁

什么是读写锁？

一个资源能够被多个读线程访问，或者一个写线程访问、但是不能存在读写线程

public interface ReadWriteLock {
    /**
     * Returns the lock used for reading.
     *
     * @return the lock used for reading
     */
    Lock readLock();

    /**
     * Returns the lock used for writing.
     *
     * @return the lock used for writing
     */
    Lock writeLock();
}

ReentryReadWriteLock实例

/**
 * @Author: sakura
 * @Date: 2022/12/20 17:01
 * @Description: 读写锁demo
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ReentryReadWriteLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyResource resource = new MyResource();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            new Thread(()->{
               resource.write(finalI +"",finalI+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            new Thread(()->{
                resource.read(finalI +"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        //新写锁
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            new Thread(()->{
                resource.write(finalI+"",finalI+"");
            },"新写锁线程->"+String.valueOf(i)).start();

        }
    }
}

class MyResource{//资源类、模拟一个简单的缓存
    Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //===ReentryReadWriteLock 读写互斥
    ReadWriteLock rwlock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void write(String key,String value){
        rwlock.writeLock().lock();
        try{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"正在写入");
            map.put(key,value);
            try{
                TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(500);
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"写入完成");
        }finally {
            rwlock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public void read(String key){
        rwlock.readLock().lock();
        try{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"正在读入");
            String result = map.get(key);
            try{
                TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(2000);
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"读入完成"+result);

        }finally {
            rwlock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

}

在这里插入图片描述

读写锁的意义（ReentrantReadWriteLock）
主要解决的是读写场景下，读读共存的情况比较多，但是缺点是由于写的比较少，易出现写锁饥饿问题也就是写锁等待的时间太长了

在这里插入图片描述

锁降级以及锁饥饿

锁降级

在这里插入图片描述

为什么要有锁降级，思想是什么？

源代码图

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-5Prkvi6q-1671620584210)(E:/img/image-20221220195720263.png)]

在这里插入图片描述

为什么需要锁降级呢？

要是为了保证数据的可见性，如果当前线程不获取读锁而是直接释放写锁，假设此刻另一个线程（记作线程T）获取了写锁并修改了数据，那么当前线程无法感知线程T的数据更新。如果当前线程获取读锁，即遵循锁降级的步骤，则线程T将会被阻塞，直到当前线程使用数据并释放读锁之后，线程T才能获取写锁进行数据更新

————————————————

为了提高程序执行性能，可能存在一个事务线程不希望自己的操作被别的线程中断，而这个事务操作可能分成多部分操作更新不同的数据（或表）甚至非常耗时。如果长时间用写锁独占，显然对于某些高响应的应用是不允许的，所以在完成部分写操作后，退而使用读锁降级，来允许响应其他进程的读操作。只有当全部事务完成后才真正释放锁。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43519310/article/details/100107346

写锁降级成读锁

public class ReadWriteLockReduce {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
        ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
        ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();

        //锁降级
        //1.获取写锁
        writeLock.lock();
        System.out.println("write");
        //2.获取读锁
        readLock.lock();
        System.out.println("read");
        //3.释放写锁
        writeLock.unlock();
        //4.释放读锁
        readLock.unlock();
    }
}

读锁不能升级成写锁

public class ReadWriteLockReduce {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
        ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
        ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();

        //锁降级
        //2.获取读锁
        readLock.lock();
        System.out.println("read");
        //1.获取写锁
        writeLock.lock();
        System.out.println("write");

        //3.释放写锁
        writeLock.unlock();
        //4.释放读锁
        readLock.unlock();
    }
}

读写锁互斥

在这里插入图片描述

ReentryReadWriteLock**读过程中不允许写、**只有等待线程释放读锁、才能获取写锁、写是需要等待的，因此容易出现锁饥饿、因此也是悲观锁

为什么有stampLock

在这里插入图片描述

原因：

在第三阶段的时候、我们有了读写锁或锁降级时，一旦读操作比较多的时候，想要获取写锁困难，因为读未完成的时候写状态是不能的，容易造成写锁饥饿。因此stampLock解决的是读状态可以进行写操作进行共享；因此是一种乐观锁认为不会有数据修改，同时如果修改了，导致读取的数据不一致，升级为读写锁，在读一遍。

在这里插入图片描述

对于短的只读代码；使用乐观模式通常可以减少争用并提高吞吐量

在这里插入图片描述

Optimistic Reading(乐观读模式)及传统读写模式案例代码

/**
 * @Author: sakura
 * @Date: 2022/12/21 16:31
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class StampLock {
    static int number = 37;
    static StampedLock stampLock = new StampedLock();

    /**
     * 线程的写入
     */
    public void write(){
        long l = stampLock.writeLock();
        try{
            number = number+1;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"写线程正在写入");
        }finally {
            stampLock.unlockWrite(l);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"写现场已经结束修改了");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 线程的读入;悲观锁状态
     * @param
     */
    public void read(){
        long stamp = stampLock.readLock();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"come in readLock....4 seconds continue"+number);
            //休息四秒钟、进行模拟
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"正在读取中.....");
        }
        try{
            int result = number;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"获取到成员变量"+result);
            System.out.println("写线程没有执行成功，读写锁进行互斥");
        }finally {
            stampLock.unlockRead(stamp);
        }
    }


    public void tryOptimisticRead(){
        long stamp = stampLock.tryOptimisticRead();
        int result = number;
        System.out.println("4秒前stampLock.validate方法值（true无修改，false有修改"+"\t"+stampLock.validate(stamp));
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"正在读取..."+i+"秒"
            +"后stampLock。validate方法值未修改"+stampLock.validate(stamp));
        }
        if(!stampLock.validate(stamp)){
            System.out.println("有人修改");
            stamp = stampLock.readLock();
            try{
                System.out.println("从乐观读升级为悲观读");
                result = number;
                System.out.println("重新被关获取读"+result);
            }finally {
                stampLock.unlockRead(stamp);
            }
        }

    }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            StampLock resoure = new StampLock();
            new Thread(()->
                    resoure.read(),"readThread").start();
            //暂停几秒钟
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"writeThread come in...");
                resoure.write();

            },"writeThread").start();
        }
}


            new Thread(()->{
                resoure.tryOptimisticRead();
            },"readThread").start();
            //暂停两秒钟
//            try {
//                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
//            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                e.printStackTrace();
//            }
            //暂停6秒
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(6);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"---come in");
                resoure.write();
            },"writeThread").start();