【数据结构刷题集】链表经典习题

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📢系列专栏: 数据结构刷题集
🔊本专栏涉及到题目是数据结构专栏的补充与应用,只更新相关题目,旨在帮助提高代码熟练度
💪 种一棵树最好是十年前其次是现在

移除链表元素

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-linked-list-elements/description/

struct ListNode* removeElements(struct ListNode* head, int val){
    struct ListNode* prev=NULL,*cur=head;
    while(cur)
    {
        if(cur->val==val)
        {
            prev->next=cur->next;
            free(cur);
            cur=prev->next;
        }
        else
        {
            prev=cur;
            cur=cur->next;
        }
    }
    return head;
}

提交一下,我们会发现执行出错。

正确代码:

struct ListNode* removeElements(struct ListNode* head, int val){
    struct ListNode* prev=NULL,*cur=head;
    while(cur)
    {
        if(cur->val==val)
        {
            if(cur==head)
            {
                //头删
                head=cur->next;
                free(cur);
                cur=head;
            }
            else
            {
                prev->next=cur->next;
                free(cur);
                cur=prev->next;
            }  
        }
        else
        {
            prev=cur;
            cur=cur->next;
        }
    }
    return head;
}

链表的中间结点

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/middle-of-the-linked-list/description/

正确代码:

//尺取法
struct ListNode* middleNode(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode* slow=head,*fast=head;
    while(fast&&fast->next)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next->next;
    }
    return slow;
}

链表中倒数第k个结点

题目链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/529d3ae5a407492994ad2a246518148a?tpId=13&&tqId=11167&rp=2&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking

struct ListNode* FindKthToTail(struct ListNode* pListHead, int k ) {
    struct ListNode* fast=pListHead,*slow=pListHead;
    while(k--)
    {
        fast=fast->next;
    }
    while(fast)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next;
    }
    return  slow;;
}

结果代码运行不过:

正确代码:

struct ListNode* FindKthToTail(struct ListNode* pListHead, int k ) {
    struct ListNode* fast=pListHead,*slow=pListHead;
    while(k--)
    {
        if(fast==NULL)//防止越界
        {
            return NULL;
        }
        fast=fast->next;
    }
    while(fast)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next;
    }
    return  slow;;
}

反转链表

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/reverse-linked-list/description/

法一:画图+迭代

//画图+迭代
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode* prev,*cur,*next;
    prev=NULL,cur=head,next=head->next;
    while(cur)
    {
        //反转
        cur->next=prev;
        //迭代
        prev=cur;
        cur=next;
        next=next->next;
    }
    return prev;
}

这个只是最基本的逻辑,一运行发现还是过不了

//画图+迭代
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode* prev,*cur,*next;
    prev=NULL,cur=head,next=head->next;
    while(cur)
    {
        //反转
        cur->next=prev;
        //迭代
        prev=cur;
        cur=next;
        if(next)
            next=next->next;
    }
    return prev;
}

再次提交,发现还是过不去:

正确代码1:

//画图+迭代
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head){
    if(head==NULL)
        return NULL;
    struct ListNode* prev,*cur,*next;
    prev=NULL,cur=head,next=head->next;
    while(cur)
    {
        //反转
        cur->next=prev;
        //迭代
        prev=cur;
        cur=next;
        if(next)
            next=next->next;
    }
    return prev;
}

法二:头插

为什么能想到头插呢?因为头插的顺序与链表的顺序刚好相反。

正确代码2:

//头插
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode* cur=head, *newhead=NULL;
    while(cur)
    {
        struct ListNode* next=cur->next;
        //头插
        cur->next=newhead;
        newhead=cur;

        cur=next;
    }
    return newhead;
}

合并两个有序链表

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/merge-two-sorted-lists/description/

法一:不带哨兵位头结点

//不带哨兵位头结点
struct ListNode* mergeTwoLists(struct ListNode* list1, struct ListNode* list2){
    struct ListNode* cur1=list1,*cur2=list2;
    struct ListNode* head=NULL,*tail=NULL;
    while(cur1&&cur2)
    {
        if(cur1->val<cur2->val)
        {
            if(head==NULL)
            {
                head=tail=cur1;
            }
            else
            {
                tail->next=cur1;
                tail=tail->next;
            }
            cur1=cur1->next;
        }
        else
        {
            if(head==NULL)
            {
                head=tail=cur2;
            }
            else
            {
                tail->next=cur2;
                tail=tail->next;
            }
            cur2=cur2->next;
        }
    }
    if(cur1)
    {
        tail->next=cur1;
    }
    if(cur2)
    {
        tail->next=cur2;
    }
    return head;
}

正确代码1:

//不带哨兵位头结点
struct ListNode* mergeTwoLists(struct ListNode* list1, struct ListNode* list2){
    //如果链表为空,返回另一个
    if(list1==NULL)
    {
        return list2;
    }
    if(list2==NULL)
    {
        return list1;
    }
    struct ListNode* cur1=list1,*cur2=list2;
    struct ListNode* head=NULL,*tail=NULL;
    while(cur1&&cur2)
    {
        if(cur1->val<cur2->val)
        {
            if(head==NULL)
            {
                head=tail=cur1;
            }
            else
            {
                tail->next=cur1;
                tail=tail->next;
            }
            cur1=cur1->next;
        }
        else
        {
            if(head==NULL)
            {
                head=tail=cur2;
            }
            else
            {
                tail->next=cur2;
                tail=tail->next;
            }
            cur2=cur2->next;
        }
    }
    if(cur1)
    {
        tail->next=cur1;
    }
    if(cur2)
    {
        tail->next=cur2;
    }
    return head;
}

法二:带哨兵位头结点

正确代码2:

//带哨兵位头结点
struct ListNode* mergeTwoLists(struct ListNode* list1, struct ListNode* list2){
    struct ListNode* cur1=list1,*cur2=list2;
    struct ListNode* guard=NULL,*tail=NULL;
    guard=tail=(struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    tail->next=NULL;
    while(cur1&&cur2)
    {
        if(cur1->val<cur2->val)
        {
            tail->next=cur1;
            tail=tail->next;
            cur1=cur1->next;
        }
        else
        {
            tail->next=cur2;
            tail=tail->next;
            cur2=cur2->next;
        }
    }
    if(cur1)
    {
        tail->next=cur1;
    }
    if(cur2)
    {
        tail->next=cur2;
    }
    struct ListNode* head=guard->next;//防止内存泄漏
    free(guard);
    return head;
}

链表分割

题目链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/0e27e0b064de4eacac178676ef9c9d70?tpId=8&&tqId=11004&rp=2&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/cracking-the-coding-interview/question-ranking

class Partition {
public:
    ListNode* partition(ListNode* pHead, int x) {
        struct ListNode* lessguard,*lesstail,*greaterguard,*greatertail;
        lessguard=lesstail=(struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
        greaterguard=greatertail=(struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
        lesstail->next=greatertail->next=NULL;

        struct ListNode* cur=pHead;
        while(cur)
        {
            if(cur->val<x)
            {
                lesstail->next=cur;
                lesstail=lesstail->next;
            }
            else
            {
                greatertail->next=cur;
                greatertail=greatertail->next;
            }
            cur=cur->next;
        }
        lesstail->next=greaterguard->next;

        pHead=lessguard->next;
        free(greaterguard);
        free(lessguard);
        return pHead;
    }
};

运行一下:

由于牛客不提供用例错误,我们可以转到力扣官网上查。当然了,也可以把我们写的用例往代码带,看看哪出错了。

正确代码:

class Partition {
public:
    ListNode* partition(ListNode* pHead, int x) {
        struct ListNode* lessguard,*lesstail,*greaterguard,*greatertail;
        lessguard=lesstail=(struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
        greaterguard=greatertail=(struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
        lesstail->next=greatertail->next=NULL;

        struct ListNode* cur=pHead;
        while(cur)
        {
            if(cur->val<x)
            {
                lesstail->next=cur;
                lesstail=lesstail->next;
            }
            else
            {
                greatertail->next=cur;
                greatertail=greatertail->next;
            }
            cur=cur->next;
        }
        lesstail->next=greaterguard->next;
        greatertail->next=NULL;//不能忽略
        pHead=lessguard->next;
        free(greaterguard);
        free(lessguard);
        return pHead;
    }
};

链表的回文结构

题目链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/d281619e4b3e4a60a2cc66ea32855bfa?tpId=49&&tqId=29370&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/2016test/question-ranking

正确代码:

//找中间节点
struct ListNode* middleNode(struct ListNode* head) {
    struct ListNode* slow = head, *fast = head;
    while (fast && fast->next) {
        slow = slow->next;
        fast = fast->next->next;
    }
    return slow;
}
//反转
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head) {
    struct ListNode* cur = head;
    struct ListNode* newhead = NULL;
    while (cur) {
        struct ListNode* next = cur->next;
        //头插
        cur->next = newhead;
        //迭代
        newhead = cur;
        cur = next;
    }
    return newhead;
}

class PalindromeList {
  public:
    bool chkPalindrome(ListNode* A) {
        struct ListNode* mid=middleNode(A);
        struct ListNode* rHead=reverseList(mid);

        struct ListNode* curA=A;
        struct ListNode* curR=rHead;
        while(curA&&curR)
        {
            if(curA->val!=curR->val)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                curA=curA->next;
                curR=curR->next;
            }
        }
        return  true;
    }
};

相交链表

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/intersection-of-two-linked-lists/description/

正确代码:

struct ListNode *getIntersectionNode(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB) {
    struct ListNode* tailA=headA,*tailB=headB;
    int lenA=0,lenB=0;
    while(tailA)
    {
        lenA++;
        tailA=tailA->next;
    }
    while(tailB)
    {
        lenB++;
        tailB=tailB->next;
    }

    //不相交的情况,不写的话leetcode也不会判错
    if(tailA!=tailB)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    int gap=abs(lenA-lenB);
    struct ListNode* longList=headA,*shortList=headB;
    if(lenA<lenB)
    {
        longList=headB;
        shortList=headA;
    }

    while(gap--)
    {
        longList=longList->next;
    }

    while(longList!=shortList)
    {
        longList=longList->next;
        shortList=shortList->next;
    }
    return shortList;
}

环形链表

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/linked-list-cycle/description/

正确代码:

bool hasCycle(struct ListNode *head) {
    struct ListNode* slow=head,*fast=head;
    while(fast&&fast->next)
    {
        fast=fast->next->next;
        slow=slow->next;
        if(fast==slow)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

环形链表II

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/description/

法一:双指针

正确代码1:

struct ListNode *detectCycle(struct ListNode *head) {
    struct ListNode* slow=head,*fast=head;
    while(fast&&fast->next)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next->next;
        if(slow==fast)
        {
            //相遇
            struct ListNode* meetNode=slow;
            //公式
            while(meetNode!=head)
            {
                meetNode=meetNode->next;
                head=head->next;
            }
            return head;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

法二:转化成链表相交

正确代码2:

struct ListNode *getIntersectionNode(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB) {
    struct ListNode* tailA=headA,*tailB=headB;
    int lenA=0,lenB=0;
    while(tailA)
    {
        lenA++;
        tailA=tailA->next;
    }
    while(tailB)
    {
        lenB++;
        tailB=tailB->next;
    }

    //不相交的情况,不写的话leetcode也不会判错
    if(tailA!=tailB)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    int gap=abs(lenA-lenB);
    struct ListNode* longList=headA,*shortList=headB;
    if(lenA<lenB)
    {
        longList=headB;
        shortList=headA;
    }

    while(gap--)
    {
        longList=longList->next;
    }

    while(longList!=shortList)
    {
        longList=longList->next;
        shortList=shortList->next;
    }
    return shortList;
}


struct ListNode *detectCycle(struct ListNode *head) {
    struct ListNode* slow=head,*fast=head;
    while(fast&&fast->next)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next->next;
        if(slow==fast)
        {
            struct ListNode* meetNode=slow;
            struct ListNode* list1=meetNode->next;
            struct ListNode* list2=head;
            meetNode->next=NULL;
            return getIntersectionNode(list1,list2);
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

复制带随机指针的链表

题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/description/

正确代码:

struct Node* copyRandomList(struct Node* head) {
    //1.拷贝结点插入原结点的后面
    struct Node* cur=head;
    while(cur)//遍历整个链表
    {
        //插入
        struct Node* copy=(struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
        copy->val=cur->val;
        struct Node* next=cur->next;

        //cur copy next
        cur->next=copy;
        copy->next=next;

        cur=next;
    }
    //2.拷贝random结点
    cur=head;
    while(cur)
    {
        struct Node* copy=cur->next;
        if(cur->random==NULL)
        {
            copy->random=NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            copy->random=cur->random->next;
        }
        cur=cur->next->next;
    }
    //3.拆组
    struct Node* copyHead=NULL,*copyTail=NULL;
    cur=head;
    while(cur)
    {
        struct Node* copy=cur->next;
        struct Node* next=copy->next;

        //copy尾插
        if(copyHead==NULL)
        {
            copyHead=copyTail=copy;
        }
        else
        {
            copyTail->next=copy;
            copyTail=copyTail->next;
        }

        //恢复原链表
        cur->next=next;
        cur=next;
    }
    return copyHead;
}

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