C++ socket epoll IO多路复用

IO多路复用通常用于处理单进程高并发，在Linux中，一切皆文件，一个socket连接会对应一个文件描述符，在监听多个文件描述符的状态应用中epoll相对于select和poll效率更高

epoll本质是系统在内核维护了一颗红黑树，监听的文件描述符会作为新的节点插入红黑树，epoll会等待有状态变化的节点记录在链表里，然后拷贝到用户所给的数组里面返回出来

以下是一个独立的服务端代码，可以补充业务代码进行具体使用

sever.h

//
// Created by YEZI on 2024/5/24.
//

#ifndef SEVER_H
#define SEVER_H
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sstream>
#define MAX_EVENTS 8
#define PORT 8888
#define BUFFER_SIZE 512
#define BACKLOG_SIZE 16 // 请求队列最大长度

class Sever {
private:
    uint16_t port;
    int server_fd = -1;
    int epoll_fd = -1;
    sockaddr_in server_addr{}, client_addr{};
    socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
    epoll_event event{}, events[MAX_EVENTS]{};

public:
    explicit Sever(uint16_t port = PORT): port(port) {
        // 创建套接字
        // AF_INET :   表示使用 IPv4 地址		可选参数
        // SOCK_STREAM 表示使用面向连接的数据传输方式，
        // IPPROTO_TCP 表示使用 TCP 协议
        server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
        if (server_fd == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to create socket\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // 设置服务器地址
        server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4
        server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // INADDR_ANY：0.0.0.0 表示本机所有IP地址
        server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

        // 绑定套接字
        if (bind(server_fd, (sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to bind socket\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // 监听套接字
        if (listen(server_fd, BACKLOG_SIZE) == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to listen on socket\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // 创建 epoll 实例
        epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0); // flag设置为0同epoll_create()
        if (epoll_fd == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to create epoll instance\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        // 将服务器套接字添加到 epoll 实例中
        event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; // 监听事件类型 EPOLLIN表示有数据可读 EPOLLET表示边缘触发仅在状态变化时通知
        event.data.fd = server_fd;
        if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, server_fd, &event) == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to add server socket to epoll\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        std::cout << "Server started. Listening on port " << PORT << "...\n";
    }

    void run() {
        while (true) {
            // 使用 epoll 等待事件 参数timeout为等待时间，-1等死
            int num_ready = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
            if (num_ready == -1) {
                std::cerr << "Error in epoll_wait\n";
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < num_ready; ++i) {
                if (events[i].data.fd == server_fd) {
                    // 有新的连接请求
                    int client_fd = accept(server_fd, (sockaddr *) &client_addr, &client_addr_len);
                    if (client_fd == -1) {
                        std::cerr << "Failed to accept client connection\n";
                        continue;
                    }

                    std::cout << "New connection from " << inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr)
                            << ":" << ntohs(client_addr.sin_port) << std::endl;

                    // 将新的客户端套接字添加到 epoll 实例中
                    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
                    event.data.fd = client_fd;
                    if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client_fd, &event) == -1) {
                        std::cerr << "Failed to add client socket to epoll\n";
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                    }
                } else {
                    // 有数据到达现有客户端套接字
                    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]{};
                    ssize_t bytes_received = recv(events[i].data.fd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
                    if (bytes_received <= 0) {
                        if (bytes_received == 0) {
                            // 客户端关闭连接
                            std::cout << "Client disconnected\n";
                        } else {
                            std::cerr << "Error in recv\n";
                        }
                        // 关闭客户端套接字，并从 epoll 实例中移除
                        close(events[i].data.fd);
                        epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, events[i].data.fd, nullptr);
                    } else {
                        // 接收到数据，原样发送回客户端，此处为业务代码补充处
                        send(events[i].data.fd, buffer, bytes_received, 0);
                        std::istringstream iss(buffer);
                        std::string data;
                        while (iss >> data) {
                            std::cout << data << ' ';
                        }
                        std::cout<<std::endl;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ~Sever() {
        // 关闭服务器套接字和 epoll 实例
        close(server_fd);
        close(epoll_fd);
    }
};
#endif //SEVER_H

main.cpp

#include"sever.h"
int main() {
    Sever sever;
    sever.run();
}

简单测试服务端，打开Linux终端，用一下命令连接服务器后即可传输数据

telnet localhost 8888