SpringCloud-Rest微服务工程的构建

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-16 02:25:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-16 02:25:38 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签：微服务 spring cloud java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62427168/article/details/126440277

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2.4.4 执行maven命令-clean、install

2.4.5 Order、Payment模块的简化

一、微服务架构总览

上面是几年前的微服务常用的组件，最近几年springcloudAlibaba正逐渐成为主流。下面列出了最近较流行的微服务架构，其亮点是新增加了若干Alibaba的微服务组件，如nacos、sentinel。

二、创建Rest风格的微服务工程

2.1 创建微服务父工程

2.1.1 使用maven新建父工程

2.1.2 字符编码设置

2.1.3 修改注解设置

2.1.4 确保java编译版本为8

2.1.5 POM设置

这里有些参数会报错，不用理会。

  <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--打包方式-->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
    <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.10</lombok.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
    </properties>
 
    <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version  -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.12</version>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2.1.6 maven设置

关闭 test 操作

最后执行 install 操作，将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承

2.2 创建微服务提供者支付模块

2.2.1 创建maven子工程

在父工程的基础上创建一个maven子工程，名字：cloud-provider-payment8001

2.2.2 改POM


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.2.3 创建YML

注意修改数据库名字、用户名、密码

# 端口号
server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456


mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包

2.2.4 主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

注意：我的idea默认不会识别出springboot的配置和配置文件。自定义主启动类时类名上会有波浪线提示，按照提示在工程中添加Spring的module即可。

2.2.5 业务类

1. SQL表

CREATE TABLE `payment` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  `serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

2.entities

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable
{
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T>
{
    private Integer code;
    private String  message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message)
    {
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

Payment是订单实体类，CommonResult是用于统一响应请求的。

3. mapper接口

@Mapper  //import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
public interface PaymentDao
{
    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

4. mapper映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
    <!--插入-->
    <insert id="create" parameterType="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
    <!--要插入的是serial字段,同时获取到其自增主键id-->
    insert into payment(serial) values (#{serial});
    </insert>

    <!--查询，返回BaseResultMap类型-->
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select *from payment where id=#{id}
    </select>

    <!--定义BaseResultMap类型，与entity映射-->
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
</mapper>

5. Service接口与实现类

public interface PaymentService {
    int create(Payment payment);
    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
    @Autowired
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;
    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

6. controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    //一定要使用@RequestBody注解，否则插入的数据异常
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment)
    {
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入操作返回结果:" + result);

        if(result > 0)
        {
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*****查询结果:{}",payment);
        if (payment != null) {
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID: "+id,null);
        }
    }
}

2.2.6 测试

输入：http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31

响应：
{
    "code": 200,
    "message": "查询成功！",
    "data": {
        "id": 31,
        "serial": "wzwzwz"
    }
}

对于Post请求，可以使用PostMan软件实现请求的发送。

2.3 创建微服务消费者订单模块

2.3.1 创建maven子工程

在父工程下建子工程，名字：cloud-consumer-order80

2.3.2 改POM

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.3.3 写YML

#指定端口
server:
  port: 80

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-order-service

2.3.4 主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp80
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp80.class,args);
    }
}

2.3.5 业务类

1. entities

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable
{
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
        this.data = null;
    }
}

2.配置类（RestTemplate）

        RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

        使用：
        (url , requestMap , ResponseBean.class)

这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应被转换成的对象类型。

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}
}

3. controller

@RestController
public class OrderController
{

    public static final String PaymentSrv_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create") //客户端用浏览器是get请求，但是底层实质发送post调用服务端8001
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment)
    {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPayment(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PaymentSrv_URL + "/payment/get/"+id, CommonResult.class, id);
    }
}

2.3.6 测试

输入： http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31

响应：
{
    "code": 200,
    "message": "查询成功！",
    "data": {
        "id": 31,
        "serial": "wzwzwz"
    }
}

实际上相当于Order模块将请求转发给了Payment模块，对数据库进行操作，然后Payment模块将查询结果以JSON的形式返回给Order模块，响应给客户端。

2.4 重构项目-公共类的抽取

我们可以注意到，Order、Payment模块的实体类是完全相同的，为了减少冗余，我们可以将重复的类抽取出来作为公共类，同时供多个模块使用。

2.4.1 新建一个maven项目

名字为：cloud-api-commons

2.4.2 改POM

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.4.3 entities

public class CommonResult<T>
{
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult()
    {
    }

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message, T data)
    {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
        this.data = data;
    }
    public CommonResult( Integer code,String message) {
        this( code, message,null);
    }

    public CommonResult(T data) {
        this(200, "操作成功", data);
    }

    //setter--getter
    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable
{
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

2.4.4 执行maven命令-clean、install

这样就可以将这个模块存到maven仓库，供其他模块引用了。

2.4.5 Order、Payment模块的简化

将entities包全部删掉，然后各自添加依赖

<dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>

这样一来，我们建立了三个子模块，可以实现基本的业务。

1. cloud-api-commons

2. cloud-consumer-order80

3. cloud-provider-payment8001

UndefinedException

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SpringCloud-Rest微服务工程的构建

上面是几年前的微服务常用的组件，最近几年springcloudAlibaba正逐渐成为主流。下面列出了最近较流行的微服务架构，其亮点是新增加了若干Alibaba的微服务组件，如nacos、sentinel。：我的idea默认不会识别出springboot的配置和配置文件。这样一来，我们建立了三个子模块，可以实现基本的业务。5. Service接口与实现类。，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的。4. mapper映射文件。3. mapper接口。的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问。
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